UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2021
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number: 001-35538
The Carlyle Group Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(202 ) 729-5626
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
As of October 25, 2021, there were 356,527,526 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – September 30, 2021 and 2020: | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
1
Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, contingencies, our dividend policy, and other non-historical statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements including, but not limited to, those described under the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 11, 2021, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Website and Social Media Disclosure
We use our website (www.carlyle.com), our corporate Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/onecarlyle/), our corporate Twitter account (@OneCarlyle or www.twitter.com/onecarlyle), our corporate Instagram account (@onecarlyle or www.instagram.com/onecarlyle), our corporate LinkedIn account (www.linkedin.com/company/the-carlyle-group) and our corporate YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/user/onecarlyle) as channels of distribution of material company information. For example, financial and other material information regarding our company is routinely posted on and accessible at www.carlyle.com. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Carlyle when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alert Subscription” section at http://ir.carlyle.com/email-alerts. The contents of our website and social media channels are not, however, a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are not incorporated by reference herein.
On January 1, 2020, we completed our conversion from a Delaware limited partnership named The Carlyle Group L.P. into a Delaware Corporation named The Carlyle Group Inc. Pursuant to the Conversion, at the specified effective time on January 1, 2020, each common unit of The Carlyle Group L.P. outstanding immediately prior to the effective time converted into one share of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. and each special voting unit and general partner unit was canceled for no consideration. In addition, holders of the partnership units in Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P. exchanged such units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock and certain other restructuring steps occurred (the conversion, together with such restructuring steps and related transactions, the “Conversion”).
Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this report to “Carlyle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer (i) prior to the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) from and after the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to our common stock or shares in periods prior to the Conversion refer to the common units of The Carlyle Group L.P. When we refer to our “senior Carlyle professionals,” we are referring to the partner-level personnel of our firm. References in this report to the ownership of the senior Carlyle professionals include the ownership of personal planning vehicles of these individuals. When we refer to the “Carlyle Holdings partnerships” or “Carlyle Holdings”, we are referring to Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P., which prior to the Conversion were the holding partnerships through which the Company and our senior Carlyle professionals and other holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units owned their respective interests in our business.
“Carlyle funds,” “our funds” and “our investment funds” refer to the investment funds and vehicles advised by Carlyle.
“Carry funds” generally refers to closed-end investment vehicles, in which commitments are drawn down over a specified investment period, and in which the general partner receives a special residual allocation of income from limited partners, which we refer to as carried interest, in the event that specified investment returns are achieved by the fund. Disclosures referring to carry funds will also include the impact of certain commitments which do not earn carried interest, but are either part of, or associated with our carry funds. The rate of carried interest, as well as the share of carried interest allocated
2
to Carlyle, may vary across the carry fund platform. Carry funds generally include the following investment vehicles across our three business segments:
•Global Private Equity: Buyout, middle market and growth capital, real estate, and natural resources funds advised by Carlyle, as well as certain energy funds advised by our strategic partner NGP Energy Capital Management (“NGP”) in which Carlyle is entitled to receive a share of carried interest (“NGP Carry Funds”)
•Global Credit: Distressed credit, energy credit, opportunistic credit, corporate mezzanine funds, aircraft financing and servicing, and other closed-end credit funds advised by Carlyle
•Global Investment Solutions (previously referred to as “Investment Solutions”): Funds and vehicles advised by AlpInvest Partners B.V. (“AlpInvest”), which include primary fund, secondary and co-investment strategies
Carry funds specifically exclude certain funds advised by NGP in which Carlyle is not entitled to receive a share of carried interest (or “NGP Predecessor Funds”), collateralized loan obligation vehicles (“CLOs”), business development companies and direct lending managed accounts, as well as capital raised from a strategic third-party investor which directly invests in Fortitude Holdings alongside a carry fund.
For an explanation of the fund acronyms used throughout this Quarterly Report, refer to “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Our Family of Funds.”
“Fee-earning assets under management” or “Fee-earning AUM” refers to the assets we manage or advise from which we derive recurring fund management fees. Our Fee-earning AUM is generally based on one of the following, once fees have been activated:
(a)the amount of limited partner capital commitments, generally for carry funds where the original investment period has not expired, for AlpInvest carry funds during the commitment fee period;
(b)the remaining amount of limited partner invested capital at cost, generally for carry funds and certain co-investment vehicles where the original investment period has expired, as well as one of our business development companies;
(c)the amount of aggregate fee-earning collateral balance of our CLOs and other securitization vehicles, as defined in the fund indentures (typically exclusive of equities and defaulted positions) as of the quarterly cut-off date;
(d)the external investor portion of the net asset value of our open-ended funds (pre-redemptions and subscriptions), as well as certain carry funds;
(e)the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), excluding cash and cash equivalents, of one of our business development companies and certain carry funds; or
(f)the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital, generally for AlpInvest carry funds where the commitment fee period has expired and certain carry funds where the investment period has expired.
“Assets under management” or “AUM” refers to the assets we manage or advise. Our AUM generally equals the sum of the following:
(a) the aggregate fair value of our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles (including Carlyle commitments to those funds and vehicles and those of senior Carlyle professionals and employees) pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those funds and vehicles;
(b) the amount of aggregate collateral balance and principal cash or aggregate principal amount of the notes of our CLOs and other structured products (inclusive of all positions);
(c) the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our open-ended funds; and
(d) the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage) of our business development companies, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those vehicles pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those vehicles.
We include in our calculation of AUM and Fee-earning AUM certain energy and renewable resources funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone Holdings L.L.C. (“Riverstone”), the NGP Predecessor Funds and NGP Carry Funds (collectively, the “NGP Energy Funds”) that are advised by NGP, as well as capital raised from a strategic third-party investor which directly invests in Fortitude Holdings alongside a carry fund.
3
For most of our carry funds, total AUM includes the fair value of the capital invested, whereas Fee-earning AUM includes the amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital, depending on whether the original investment period for the fund has expired. As such, Fee-earning AUM may be greater than total AUM when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
Our calculations of AUM and Fee-earning AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. In addition, our calculation of AUM (but not Fee-earning AUM) includes uncalled commitments to, and the fair value of invested capital in, our investment funds from Carlyle and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to management fees, incentive fees or performance allocations. Our calculations of AUM or Fee-earning AUM are not based on any definition of AUM or Fee-earning AUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage or advise.
“Metropolitan” refers to Metropolitan Real Estate Management, LLC, which was included in the Global Investment Solutions business segment prior to its sale on April 1, 2021.
4
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in millions)
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
Investments, including accrued performance allocations of $ | |||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | |||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued giveback obligations | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes.
5
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except share and per share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (loss) of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. per common share (see Note 11) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Substantially all revenue is earned from affiliates of the Company. See accompanying notes.
6
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) for the period | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: reclassification adjustment for gain during the period, included in cash-based compensation and benefits expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
7
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions)
| Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in-Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in-Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Continued) (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions)
| Common Units | Common Shares | Partners’ Capital | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in- Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Non- controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Units | Common Shares | Partners’ Capital | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in- Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Non- controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification resulting from Conversion - Partners' Capital | ( | ( | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification resulting from Conversion - Non-controlling Interest in Carlyle Holdings | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effects resulting from Conversion | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of Consolidated Entities | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
9
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset impairment, net of broker fees | |||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Non-cash performance allocations and incentive fees | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-cash principal investment (income) loss | ( | ||||||||||
| Other non-cash amounts | ( | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Funds related: | |||||||||||
| Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on investments of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Realized/unrealized (gain) loss from loans payable of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Purchases of investments by Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale and settlements of investments by Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Non-cash interest income, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in other receivables held at Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in other liabilities held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Other non-cash amounts of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of investments | |||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ||||||||||
| Changes in deferred taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Change in due from affiliates and other receivables | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in deposits and other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Change in due to affiliates | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of MRE, net of cash sold | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Brazil management entity, net of cash sold | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Borrowings under credit facilities | |||||||||||
| Repayments under credit facilities | ( | ||||||||||
Issuance of | |||||||||||
| Payments on debt obligations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from debt obligations, net of financing costs | |||||||||||
| Net borrowings (payments) on loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Dividends to common stockholders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payment of deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Contributions from non-controlling interest holders | |||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling interest holders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Common shares repurchased | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in due to/from affiliates financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | ( | ||||||||||
| Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental non-cash disclosures | |||||||||||
| Tax effects from the conversion to a Corporation recorded in equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net asset impact of deconsolidation of Consolidated Funds | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes.
10
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Effective on January 1, 2020, The Carlyle Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation named The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Conversion”). As a result of the Conversion, each common unit was converted into a share of common stock. Under the laws of its incorporation, The Carlyle Group Inc. is deemed to be the same entity as The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Partnership”). Unless the context suggests otherwise, references to “Carlyle” or the “Company,” refer to (i) The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Conversion and (ii) The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Conversion.
Prior to the Conversion, the Company recorded significant non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P. and Carlyle Holdings III L.P. (collectively, “Carlyle Holdings”), the holdings partnerships through which the Company and senior Carlyle professionals and other holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units owned their respective interests in the business. In the Conversion, the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships exchanged their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. As a result, in periods following the Conversion, the consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations of The Carlyle Group Inc. does not reflect any non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings, and net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings refers to the net income (loss) of The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, net of non-controlling interests in consolidated entities. Additionally, at the time of the exchange, certain senior Carlyle professionals and certain of the other former limited partners of Carlyle Holdings who became holders of shares of common stock in connection with the Conversion were generally required to grant an irrevocable proxy to Carlyle Group Management L.L.C., which is wholly owned by our founders and other senior Carlyle professionals. As a result, we were a “controlled company” and qualified for exceptions from certain corporate governance and other requirements of the rules of The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). As of August 5, 2021, the Company no longer qualifies as a “controlled company” under the Nasdaq rules.
Carlyle is one of the world’s largest global investment firms that originates, structures, and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, growth capital financings, real estate opportunities, bank loans, high-yield debt, distressed assets, mezzanine debt, and other investment opportunities. Carlyle provides investment management services to, and has transactions with, various private equity funds, real estate funds, private credit funds, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and other investment products sponsored by the Company for the investment of client assets in the normal course of business. Carlyle typically serves as the general partner, investment manager or collateral manager, making day-to-day investment decisions concerning the assets of these products. Carlyle operates its business through three reportable segments: Global Private Equity, Global Credit, and Global Investment Solutions (see Note 14).
On August 31, 2021, the Company sold 100 % of its interest in its local Brazilian management entity and entered into a sub-advisory agreement with the acquiring company, which will provide advisory services with respect to Carlyle’s Brazilian portfolio. The Company recorded a loss on the sale and related transaction costs of $4.7 million, which are included in other non-operating expenses (income) on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, as well as a foreign currency translation loss of $14.7 million related to amounts previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is primarily included in general, administrative and other expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. These amounts are excluded from the Company’s segment reporting.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. In addition, certain Carlyle-affiliated funds, related co-investment entities and certain CLOs managed by the Company (collectively the “Consolidated Funds”) have been consolidated in the accompanying financial statements pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), as described in Note 2. The consolidation of the Consolidated Funds generally has a gross-up effect on assets, liabilities and cash flows, and generally has no effect on the net income attributable to the Company. The economic ownership interests of the other investors in the Consolidated Funds are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated financial statements (see Note 2).
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. These statements, including notes, have not been audited, exclude some of the disclosures required for annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. In the opinion of management, the condensed
11
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates all entities that it controls either through a majority voting interest or as the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”).
The Company evaluates (1) whether it holds a variable interest in an entity, (2) whether the entity is a VIE, and (3) whether the Company’s involvement would make it the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether the Company holds a variable interest, fees (including management fees, incentive fees and performance allocations) that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, are not considered variable interests. The Company considers all economic interests, including indirect interests, to determine if a fee is considered a variable interest.
For those entities where the Company holds a variable interest, the Company determines whether each of these entities qualifies as a VIE and, if so, whether or not the Company is the primary beneficiary. The assessment of whether the entity is a VIE is generally performed qualitatively, which requires judgment. These judgments include: (a) determining whether the equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) evaluating whether the equity holders, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the economic performance of the entity, (c) determining whether two or more parties’ equity interests should be aggregated, and (d) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive returns from an entity.
For entities that are determined to be VIEs, the Company consolidates those entities where it has concluded it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is defined as the variable interest holder with (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by the Company.
As of September 30, 2021, assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIEs reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets were $6.8 billion and $6.6 billion, respectively. Except to the extent of the consolidated assets of the VIEs, the holders of the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities generally do not have recourse to the Company.
Substantially all of the Company’s Consolidated Funds are CLOs, which are VIEs that issue loans payable that are backed by diversified collateral asset portfolios consisting primarily of loans or structured debt. In exchange for managing the collateral for the CLOs, the Company earns investment management fees, including in some cases subordinated management fees and contingent incentive fees. In cases where the Company consolidates the CLOs (primarily because of a retained interest that is significant to the CLO), those management fees have been eliminated as intercompany transactions. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held $172.8 million of investments in these CLOs which represents its maximum risk of loss. The Company’s investments in these CLOs are generally subordinated to other interests in the entities and entitle the Company to receive a pro rata portion of the residual cash flows, if any, from the entities. Investors in the CLOs have no recourse against the Company for any losses sustained in the CLO structure.
Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally assessed for consolidation as voting interest entities. Under the voting interest entity model, the Company consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest.
All significant inter-entity transactions and balances of entities consolidated have been eliminated.
Investments in Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated because the Company is not the primary beneficiary, including its investments in certain Global Investment Solutions carry funds, certain CLOs and its strategic investment in NGP Management Company, L.L.C. (“NGP Management” and, together with its affiliates, “NGP”). Refer to Note 4 for information on the strategic investment in NGP. The Company’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct or indirect equity interests and fee arrangements. The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by the Company relating to its variable interests in these unconsolidated entities.
12
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The assets recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets related to the Company’s variable interests in these non-consolidated VIEs were as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Investments | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued performance revenues | |||||||||||
| Management fee receivables | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
These amounts represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the unconsolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Basis of Accounting
The accompanying financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management has determined that the Company’s Funds are investment companies under U.S. GAAP for the purposes of financial reporting. U.S. GAAP for an investment company requires investments to be recorded at estimated fair value and the unrealized gains and/or losses in an investment’s fair value are recognized on a current basis in the statements of operations. Additionally, the Funds do not consolidate their majority-owned and controlled investments (the “Portfolio Companies”). In the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has retained the specialized accounting for the Funds.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s estimates are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. It also requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. Assumptions and estimates regarding the valuation of investments and their resulting impact on performance allocations involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity and these assumptions and estimates may be significant to the consolidated financial statements and the resulting impact on performance allocations and incentive fees. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Contingent consideration obligations that are elements of consideration transferred are recognized as of the acquisition date as part of the fair value transferred in exchange for the acquired business. Acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 includes a five-step framework that requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, which includes assessing the collectibility of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer, (ii) identify the
13
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
The Company accounts for performance allocations that represent a performance-based capital allocation from fund limited partners to the Company (commonly known as “carried interest”, which comprises substantially all of the Company’s previously reported performance fee revenues) as earnings from financial assets within the scope of ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and therefore are not in the scope of ASC 606. In accordance with ASC 323, the Company records equity method income (losses) as a component of investment income based on the change in its proportionate claim on net assets of the investment fund, including performance allocations, assuming the investment fund was liquidated as of each reporting date pursuant to each fund’s governing agreements. See Note 4 for additional information on the components of investments and investment income. Performance fees that do not meet the definition of performance-based capital allocations are in the scope of ASC 606 and are included in incentive fees in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The calculation of unrealized performance revenues utilizes investment valuations of the funds’ underlying investments, which are derived using the policies, methodologies and templates prepared by the Company’s valuation group, as described in Note 3, Fair Value Measurement.
While the determination of who is the customer in a contractual arrangement will be made on a contract-by-contract basis, the customer will generally be the investment fund for the Company’s significant management and advisory contracts. The customer determination impacts the Company’s analysis of the accounting for contract costs. Also, the recovery of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds, primarily travel and entertainment costs, are presented gross in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, as the Company controls the inputs to its investment management performance obligation.
Fund Management Fees
The Company provides management services to funds in which it holds a general partner interest or has a management agreement. The Company considers the performance obligations in its contracts with its funds to be the promise to provide (or to arrange for third parties to provide) investment management services related to the management, policies and operations of the funds.
As it relates to the Company’s performance obligation to provide investment management services, the Company typically satisfies this performance obligation over time as the services are rendered, since the funds simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided as the Company performs the service. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the funds. Management fees earned from each investment management contract over the contract life represent variable consideration because the consideration the Company is entitled to varies based on fluctuations in the basis for the management fee, for example fund net asset value (“NAV”) or assets under management (“AUM”). Given that the management fee basis is susceptible to market factors outside of the Company’s influence, management fees are constrained and, therefore, estimates of future period management fees are generally not included in the transaction price. Revenue recognized for the investment management services provided is generally the amount determined at the end of the period because that is when the uncertainty for that period is resolved.
For closed-end carry funds in the Global Private Equity and Global Credit segments, management fees generally range from 1.0 % to 2.0 % of commitments during the fund’s investment period based on limited partners’ capital commitments to the funds. Following the expiration or termination of the investment period, management fees generally are based on the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital and the rate charged may also be reduced to between 0.5 % and 2.0 %. For certain separately managed accounts, longer-dated carry funds, and other closed-end funds, management fees generally range from 0.2 % to 1.0 % based on contributions for unrealized investments, the current value of the investment, or adjusted book value. The Company will receive management fees during a specified period of time, which is generally ten years from the initial closing date, or, in some instances, from the final closing date, but such termination date may be earlier in certain limited circumstances or later if extended for successive one-year periods, typically up to a maximum of two years . Depending upon the contracted terms of investment advisory or investment management and related agreements, these fees are generally called semi-annually in advance and are recognized as earned over the subsequent six month period. For certain longer-dated carry funds and certain other closed-end funds, management fees are called quarterly over the life of the funds.
Within the Global Credit segment, for CLOs and other structured products, management fees generally range from 0.4 % to 0.5 % based on the total par amounts of assets or the aggregate principal amount of the notes in the CLO and are due quarterly based on the terms and recognized over the respective period. Management fees for the CLOs and other structured products are governed by indentures and collateral management agreements. The Company will receive management fees for
14
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
the CLOs until redemption of the securities issued by the CLOs, which is generally to ten years after issuance. Management fees for the business development companies are due quarterly in arrears at annual rates that range from 1.25 % of invested capital to 1.5 % of gross assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents.
Management fees for the Company’s carry fund vehicles in the Global Investment Solutions segment generally range from 0.25 % to 1.0 % of the vehicle’s capital commitments during the commitment fee period of the relevant fund or the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds. Following the expiration of the commitment fee period or weighted-average investment period of such funds, the management fees generally range from 0.25 % to 1.0 % on (i) the lower of cost or fair value of the capital invested, (ii) the net asset value for unrealized investments, or (iii) the contributions for unrealized investments; however, certain separately managed accounts earn management fees at all times on contributions for unrealized investments or on the initial commitment amount. Management fees for the Global Investment Solutions carry fund vehicles are generally due quarterly and recognized over the related quarter.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, management fee receivables, net of allowances for credit losses, were $135.5 million and $102.7 million, respectively, and are included in due from affiliates and other receivables, net, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company also provides transaction advisory and portfolio advisory services to the portfolio companies, and where covered by separate contractual agreements, recognizes fees for these services when the performance obligation has been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured. The Company also recognizes underwriting fees from the Company’s loan syndication and capital markets business, Carlyle Global Capital Markets. Fund management fees include transaction and portfolio advisory fees, as well as capital markets fees, of $21.9 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $54.3 million and $25.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, net of any offsets as defined in the respective partnership agreements.
Fund management fees exclude the reimbursement of any partnership expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the Carlyle funds pursuant to the limited partnership agreements, including amounts related to the pursuit of actual, proposed, or unconsummated investments, professional fees, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, and other fund administrative expenses. For the professional fees that the Company arranges for the investment funds, the Company concluded that the nature of its promise is to arrange for the services to be provided and it does not control the services provided by third parties before they are transferred to the customer. Therefore, the Company concluded it is acting in the capacity of an agent. Accordingly, the reimbursement for these professional fees paid on behalf of the investment funds is presented on a net basis in general, administrative and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company also incurs certain costs, primarily employee travel and entertainment costs, employee compensation and systems costs, for which it receives reimbursement from the investment funds in connection with its performance obligation to provide investment and management services. For reimbursable travel, compensation and systems costs, the Company concluded it controls the services provided by its employees and the resources used to develop applicable systems before they are transferred to the customer and therefore is a principal. Accordingly, the reimbursement for these costs incurred by the Company to manage the fund limited partnerships are presented on a gross basis in interest and other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and the expense in general, administrative and other expenses or cash-based compensation and benefits expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Incentive Fees
In connection with management contracts from certain of its Global Credit funds, the Company is also entitled to receive performance-based incentive fees when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. In such arrangements, incentive fees are recognized when the performance benchmark has been achieved. Incentive fees are variable consideration because they are contingent upon the investment vehicle achieving stipulated investment return hurdles. Investment returns are highly susceptible to market factors outside of the Company’s influence. Accordingly, incentive fees are constrained until the uncertainty is resolved. Estimates of future period incentive fees are generally not included in the transaction price because these estimates are constrained. The transaction price for incentive fees is generally the amount determined at the end of each accounting period to which they relate because that is when the uncertainty for that period is resolved, as these fees are not subject to clawback.
15
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Investment Income (Loss), including Performance Allocations
Investment income (loss) represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses resulting from the Company’s equity method investments, including any associated general partner performance allocations, and other principal investments, including CLOs.
General partner performance allocations consist of the allocation of profits from certain of the funds to which the Company is entitled (commonly known as carried interest).
For closed-end carry funds in the Global Private Equity and Global Credit segments, the Company is generally entitled to a 20 % allocation (or 10 % to 20 % on certain longer-dated carry funds, certain credit funds, and external co-investment vehicles, up to 25 % on certain Global Private Equity funds in the event performance benchmarks are achieved, or approximately 2 % to 12.5 % for most of the Global Investment Solutions segment carry fund vehicles) of the net realized income or gain as a carried interest after returning the invested capital, the allocation of preferred returns of generally 7 % to 9 % (or 4 % to 7 % for certain longer-dated carry funds) and return of certain fund costs (generally subject to catch-up provisions as set forth in the fund limited partnership agreement). Carried interest is recognized upon appreciation of the funds’ investment values above certain return hurdles set forth in each respective partnership agreement. The Company recognizes revenues attributable to performance allocations based upon the amount that would be due pursuant to the fund partnership agreement at each period end as if the funds were terminated at that date. Accordingly, the amount recognized as investment income for performance allocations reflects the Company’s share of the gains and losses of the associated funds’ underlying investments measured at their then-current fair values relative to the fair values as of the end of the prior period. Because of the inherent uncertainty, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material.
Carried interest is ultimately realized when: (i) an underlying investment is profitably disposed of, (ii) certain costs borne by the limited partner investors have been reimbursed, (iii) the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return and (iv) the Company has decided to collect carry rather than return additional capital to limited partner investors. Realized carried interest may be required to be returned by the Company in future periods if the funds’ investment values decline below certain levels. When the fair value of a fund’s investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance allocations are reversed. In all cases, each fund is considered separately in this regard, and for a given fund, performance allocations can never be negative over the life of a fund. If upon a hypothetical liquidation of a fund’s investments at their then-current fair values, previously recognized and distributed carried interest would be required to be returned, a liability is established for the potential giveback obligation.
Principal investment income (loss) is realized when the Company redeems all or a portion of its investment or when the Company receives or is due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Principal investment income (loss) also includes the Company’s allocation of earnings from its investment in Fortitude Re through June 2, 2020 (see Note 4). As it relates to the Company’s investments in NGP (see Note 4), principal investment income includes the related amortization of the basis difference between the Company’s carrying value of its investment and the Company’s share of underlying net assets of the investee, as well as the compensation expense associated with compensatory arrangements provided by the Company to employees of its equity method investee. Unrealized principal investment income (loss) results from the Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s unrealized earnings, including changes in the fair value of the underlying investment, as well as the reversal of unrealized gain (loss) at the time an investment is realized.
Interest Income
Interest income is recognized when earned. For debt securities representing non-investment grade beneficial interests in securitizations, the effective yield is determined based on the estimated cash flows of the security. Changes in the effective yield of these securities due to changes in estimated cash flows are recognized on a prospective basis as adjustments to interest income in future periods. Interest income earned by the Company is included in interest and other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest income of the Consolidated Funds was $56.9 million and $50.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $170.4 million and $155.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is included in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Credit Losses
Under ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), the Company measures all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable
16
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
forecasts. As part of its adoption process, the Company assessed the collection risk characteristics of the outstanding amounts in its due from affiliates balance to define the following pools of receivables:
•Reimbursable fund expenses receivables,
•Management fee receivables,
•Incentive fee receivables,
•Transaction fee receivables,
•Portfolio fee receivables, and
•Notes receivable.
Compensation and Benefits
Cash-based Compensation and Benefits – Cash-based compensation and benefits includes salaries, bonuses (discretionary awards and guaranteed amounts), performance payment arrangements and benefits paid and payable to Carlyle employees. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
Equity-Based Compensation – Compensation expense relating to the issuance of equity-based awards is measured at fair value on the grant date. The compensation expense for awards that vest over a future service period is recognized over the relevant service period on a straight-line basis. The compensation expense for awards that do not require future service is recognized immediately. Cash settled equity-based awards are classified as liabilities and are re-measured at the end of each reporting period. The compensation expense for awards that contain performance conditions is recognized when it is probable that the performance conditions will be achieved; in certain instances, such compensation expense may be recognized prior to the grant date of the award. The compensation expense for awards that contain market conditions is based on a grant-date fair value that factors in the probability that the market conditions will be achieved and is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis.
Equity-based awards issued to non-employees are generally recognized as general, administrative and other expenses, except to the extent they are recognized as part of the Company’s equity method earnings because they are issued to employees of equity method investees.
The Company recognizes equity-based award forfeitures in the period they occur as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense. The reduction in compensation expense is determined based on the specific awards forfeited during that period. Furthermore, the Company recognizes all excess tax benefits and deficiencies as income tax benefit or expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Carlyle Group Inc. is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and thus is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes. Tax positions taken by the Company are subject to periodic audit by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign taxing authorities. The interim provision for income taxes is calculated using the discrete effective tax rate method as allowed by ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated
17
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year to date period as if it was the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis.
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the period in which the difference is expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period of the change in the provision for income taxes. Further, deferred tax assets are recognized for the expected realization of available net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. A valuation allowance is recorded on the Company’s gross deferred tax assets when it is “more likely than not” that such asset will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets, all evidence, both positive and negative, is evaluated. Items considered in this analysis include the ability to carry back losses, the reversal of temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and expectations of future earnings. Lastly, the Company accounts for the tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as incurred and therefore has not recorded deferred taxes related to GILTI on its foreign subsidiaries.
Under U.S. GAAP for income taxes, the amount of tax benefit to be recognized is the amount of benefit that is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. The Company analyzes its tax filing positions in all of the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as for all open tax years in these jurisdictions. If, based on this analysis, the Company determines that uncertainties in tax positions exist, a liability is established, which is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in the provision for income taxes. If recognized, the entire amount of unrecognized tax positions would be recorded as a reduction in the provision for income taxes.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities represent the component of equity in consolidated entities held by third-party investors. These interests are adjusted for general partner allocations which occur during the reporting period. Any change in ownership of a subsidiary while the controlling financial interest is retained is accounted for as an equity transaction between the controlling and non-controlling interests. Transaction costs incurred in connection with such changes in ownership of a subsidiary are recorded as a direct charge to equity.
Investments, at Fair Value
Investments include (i) the Company’s ownership interests (typically general partner interests) in the Funds, (ii) strategic investments made by the Company (both of which are accounted for as equity method investments), (iii) the investments held by the Consolidated Funds (which are presented at fair value in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), and (iv) certain credit-oriented investments, including investments in the CLOs and the preferred securities of TCG BDC, Inc. (the “BDC Preferred Shares”) (which are accounted for as trading securities).
The valuation procedures utilized for investments of the Funds vary depending on the nature of the investment. The fair value of investments in publicly-traded securities is based on the closing price of the security with adjustments to reflect appropriate discounts if the securities are subject to restrictions.
The fair value of non-equity securities or other investments, which may include instruments that are not listed on an exchange, considers, among other factors, external pricing sources, such as dealer quotes or independent pricing services, recent trading activity or other information that, in the opinion of the Company, may not have been reflected in pricing obtained from external sources.
When valuing private securities or assets without readily determinable market prices, the Company gives consideration to operating results, financial condition, economic and/or market events, recent sales prices and other pertinent information. These
18
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
valuation procedures may vary by investment, but include such techniques as comparable public market valuation, comparable acquisition valuation and discounted cash flow analysis. Because of the inherent uncertainty, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material. Furthermore, there is no assurance that, upon liquidation, the Company will realize the values presented herein.
Upon the sale of a security or other investment, the realized net gain or loss is computed on a weighted average cost basis, with the exception of the investments held by the CLOs, which compute the realized net gain or loss on a first in, first out basis. Securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis.
Equity Method Investments
The Company accounts for all investments in which it has or is otherwise presumed to have significant influence, including investments in the unconsolidated Funds and strategic investments, using the equity method of accounting. The carrying value of equity method investments is determined based on amounts invested by the Company, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the investee (including performance allocations) allocated based on the respective partnership agreement, less distributions received. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Funds
Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds consists of cash and cash equivalents held by the Consolidated Funds, which, although not legally restricted, is not available to fund the general liquidity needs of the Company.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets consist of furniture, fixtures and equipment, leasehold improvements, and computer hardware and software and are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which for leasehold improvements are the lesser of the lease terms or the life of the asset, and to seven years for other fixed assets. Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
19
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Leases
The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), and recognizes a lease liability and right-of-use asset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for contracts that it determines are leases or contain a lease. The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space in various countries around the world. The Company also has operating leases for office equipment and vehicles, which are not significant. The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components for its office space and equipment operating leases and instead accounts for each separate lease component and its associated non-lease component as a single lease component. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. The Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets include initial direct costs incurred by the Company and are presented net of deferred rent and lease incentives. Absent an implicit interest rate in the lease, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for the effects of collateralization, based on the information available at commencement in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
The Company does not recognize a lease liability or right-of-use asset on the balance sheet for short-term leases. Instead, the Company recognizes short-term lease payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A short-term lease is defined as a lease that, at the commencement date, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. When determining whether a lease qualifies as a short-term lease, the Company evaluates the lease term and the purchase option in the same manner as all other leases.
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The Company’s intangible assets consist of acquired contractual rights to earn future fee income, including management and advisory fees, customer relationships, and acquired trademarks. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from to ten years , and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Intangible asset amortization expense was $1.8 million and $3.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $8.4 million and $10.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the identifiable net assets of businesses acquired and is recorded in the functional currency of the acquired entity. Goodwill is recognized as an asset and is reviewed for impairment annually as of October 1st and between annual tests when events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents management fees and other revenue received prior to the balance sheet date, which has not yet been earned. The increase in the deferred revenue balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily driven by cash payments received in advance of the Company satisfying its performance obligations, partially offset by revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Unrealized losses on defined benefit plans | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
20
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Foreign Currency Translation
Non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities are translated at period-end rates of exchange, and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are translated at rates of exchange in effect throughout the period. Foreign currency gains (losses) resulting from transactions outside of the functional currency of an entity of $(9.9 ) million and $(2.6 ) million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $(11.8 ) million and $18.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are included in general, administrative and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted as of January 1, 2021
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12, among other changes, (i) removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, (ii) provides a policy election to not allocate consolidated income taxes when a member of a consolidated tax return is not subject to income tax and (iii) provides guidance to evaluate whether a step-up in tax basis of goodwill relates to a business combination in which book goodwill was recognized or a separate transaction. The guidance was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021 and the impact was not material.
3. Fair Value Measurement
The fair value measurement accounting guidance establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which ranks the observability of market price inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments in this category include unrestricted securities, such as equities and derivatives, listed in active markets. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these instruments, even in situations where the Company holds a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.
Level II – inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments in this category include less liquid and restricted securities listed in active markets, securities traded in other than active markets, government and agency securities, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs.
Level III – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to overall fair value measurement. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. The types of financial instruments in this category include investments in privately-held entities, non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations, collateralized loan obligations, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given financial instrument is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument.
In certain cases, debt and equity securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments.
21
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of September 30, 2021:
| (Dollars in millions) | Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in CLOs and other(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Investments measured at net asset value(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(3) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)The Level III balance excludes a corporate investment in equity securities which the Company has elected to account for under the measurement alternative for equity securities without readily determinable fair values pursuant to ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities. In July 2021, the Company remeasured this investment to a fair value of $36.6 million due to an observable price change. As such, the fair value of $36.6 million is not as of September 30, 2021. As a non-recurring fair value measurement, the fair value of these equity securities is excluded from the tabular Level III rollforward disclosures.
(2)Balance represents Fund Investments that the Company reports based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days, of which $16.8 million relates to investments of consolidated funds.
(3)Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are valued based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of December 31, 2020:
| (Dollars in millions) | Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Investments measured at net asset value(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(2) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Balance represents Fund Investments that the Company reports based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days.
22
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Investment professionals with responsibility for the underlying investments are responsible for preparing the investment valuations pursuant to the policies, methodologies and templates prepared by the Company’s valuation group, which is a team made up of dedicated valuation professionals reporting to the Company’s chief accounting officer. The valuation group is responsible for maintaining the Company’s valuation policy and related guidance, templates and systems that are designed to be consistent with the guidance found in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. These valuations, inputs and preliminary conclusions are reviewed by the fund accounting teams. The valuations are then reviewed and approved by the respective fund valuation subcommittees, which include the respective fund head(s), segment head, chief financial officer and chief accounting officer, as well as members of the valuation group. The valuation group compiles the aggregate results and significant matters and presents them for review and approval by the global valuation committee, which includes the Company’s co-chairmen of the board, chairman emeritus, chief executive officer, chief risk officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, and the business segment heads, and observed by the chief compliance officer, the director of internal audit, the Company’s audit committee and others. Additionally, each quarter a sample of valuations is reviewed by external valuation firms. Valuations of the funds’ investments are used in the calculation of accrued performance allocations, or “carried interest”.
In the absence of observable market prices, the Company values its investments using valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis. For some investments little market activity may exist. Management’s determination of fair value is then based on the best information available in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involve a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks. Investments for which market prices are not observable include private investments in the equity of operating companies and real estate properties, and certain debt positions. The valuation technique for each of these investments is described below:
Private Equity and Real Estate Investments – The fair values of private equity investments are determined by reference to projected net earnings, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), the discounted cash flow method, public market or private transactions, valuations for comparable companies or sales of comparable assets, and other measures which, in many cases, are unaudited at the time received. The methods used to estimate the fair value of real estate investments include the discounted cash flow method and/or capitalization rate (“cap rate”) analysis. Valuations may be derived by reference to observable valuation measures for comparable companies or transactions (e.g., applying a key performance metric of the investment such as EBITDA or net operating income to a relevant valuation multiple or cap rate observed in the range of comparable companies or transactions), adjusted by management for differences between the investment and the referenced comparables, and in some instances by reference to option pricing models or other similar models. Adjustments to observable valuation measures are frequently made upon the initial investment to calibrate the initial investment valuation to industry observable inputs. Such adjustments are made to align the investment to observable industry inputs for differences in size, profitability, projected growth rates, geography and capital structure if applicable. The adjustments are reviewed with each subsequent valuation to assess how the investment has evolved relative to the observable inputs. Additionally, the investment may be subject to certain specific risks and/or development milestones which are also taken into account in the valuation assessment. Option pricing models and similar tools do not currently drive a significant portion of private equity or real estate valuations and are used primarily to value warrants, derivatives, certain restrictions and other atypical investment instruments.
Credit-Oriented Investments – The fair values of credit-oriented investments (including corporate treasury investments) are generally determined on the basis of prices between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments. Specifically, for investments in distressed debt and corporate loans and bonds, the fair values are generally determined by valuations of comparable investments. In some instances, the Company may utilize other valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow method.
CLO Investments and CLO Loans Payable – The Company measures the financial liabilities of its consolidated CLOs based on the fair value of the financial assets of its consolidated CLOs, as the Company believes the fair value of the financial assets are more observable. The fair values of the CLO assets are primarily based on quotations from reputable dealers or relevant pricing services. In situations where valuation quotations are unavailable, the assets are valued based on similar securities, market index changes, and other factors. Generally, the assets of the CLOs are not publicly traded and are classified as Level III. Similar to the CLO assets, the fair values of the CLO structured asset positions are
23
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
primarily determined based on relevant pricing services or, in certain instances, discounted cash flow analyses. Those analyses consider the position size, liquidity, current financial condition of the CLOs, the third party financing environment, reinvestment rates, recovery lags, discount rates and default forecasts and are compared to broker quotations from market makers and third party dealers. The Company performs certain procedures to ensure the reliability of the quotations from pricing services for its CLO assets and CLO structured asset positions, which generally includes corroborating prices with a discounted cash flow analysis.
The Company measures the CLO loans payable held by third party beneficial interest holders on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLO and the beneficial interests held by the Company. The Company continues to measure the CLO loans payable that it holds at fair value based on relevant pricing services or discounted cash flow analyses, as described above.
Fund Investments – The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. The terms of the investments generally preclude the ability to redeem the investment. Distributions from these investments will be received as the underlying assets in the funds are liquidated, the timing of which cannot be readily determined.
24
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The changes in financial instruments measured at fair value for which the Company has used Level III inputs to determine fair value are as follows (Dollars in millions):
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidation of funds (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other (2) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deconsolidation/consolidation of funds (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) As a result of the consolidation of one CLO during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and two CLOs during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the investments that the Company held in those CLOs are now eliminated in consolidation and no longer included in investments in CLOs and other. As a result of the deconsolidation of one
(2) The beginning balance of Investments in CLOs and other has been revised to reflect the exclusion of Fund Investments measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient from the fair value hierarchy.
25
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
26
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Consolidation of funds | |||||||||||
| Borrowings | |||||||||||
| Paydowns | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Sales | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in other comprehensive income related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
| Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deconsolidation/consolidation of funds | |||||||||||
| Borrowings | |||||||||||
| Paydowns | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Sales | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in other comprehensive income related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains and losses included in earnings for Level III investments for investments in CLOs and other investments are included in investment income (loss), and such gains and losses for investments of Consolidated Funds and loans payable of Consolidated Funds are included in net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for all Level III financial asset and liabilities are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, non-controlling interests in consolidated entities.
27
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s Level III inputs as of September 30, 2021:
| Fair Value at | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted Average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes ($ per share) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | Consensus Pricing with Discounted Cash Flow | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount Margins (Basis Points) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Consensus Pricing with Discounted Cash Flow | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| BDC preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aviation subordinated notes | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | Other (1) | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Consensus Pricing with Discounted Cash Flow | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
28
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s Level III inputs as of December 31, 2020:
| Fair Value at | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted Average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes ($ per share) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Margins (Basis Points) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| BDC preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aviation subordinated notes | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | Other (1) | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of investments of the Company’s consolidated funds are indicative quotes. Significant decreases in indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s investments in CLOs and other investments include indicative quotes, discount margins, discount rates, default rates, and recovery rates. Significant decreases in indicative quotes or recovery rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant increases in discount margins, discount rates or default rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s loans payable of Consolidated Funds are indicative quotes, discount rates, default rates, and recovery rates. Significant increases in discount rates or default rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant decreases in indicative quotes or recovery rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
29
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
4. Investments
Investments consist of the following:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Principal equity method investments, excluding performance allocations | |||||||||||
| Principal investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accrued Performance Allocations
The components of accrued performance allocations are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Global Credit | |||||||||||
Global Investment Solutions (1) | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Approximately 30 % and 41 % of accrued performance allocations at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, are related to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P., one
Accrued performance allocations are shown gross of the Company’s accrued performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation (see Note 6), and accrued giveback obligations, which are separately presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The components of the accrued giveback obligations are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Global Credit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
30
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Principal Equity Method Investments, Excluding Performance Allocations
The Company’s principal equity method investments (excluding performance allocations) include its fund investments in Global Private Equity, Global Credit, and Global Investment Solutions typically as general partner interests, and its strategic investments in Fortitude Re (included within Global Credit) and NGP (included within Global Private Equity), which are not consolidated. Principal investments are related to the following segments:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Global Credit | |||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Strategic Investment in Fortitude Re (f/k/a DSA Re)
On November 13, 2018, the Company acquired a 19.9 % interest in Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC (“Fortitude Holdings”), a wholly owned subsidiary of American International Group, Inc. (“AIG”) (“the Minority Transaction”), pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and among the Company, AIG and Fortitude Holdings, dated as of July 31, 2018 (the “2018 MIPA”). Fortitude Holdings owns 100 % of the outstanding common shares of Fortitude Reinsurance Company Ltd., a Bermuda domiciled reinsurer (“Fortitude Re”, f/k/a “DSA Re”) established to reinsure a portfolio of AIG’s legacy life, annuity and property and casualty liabilities.
The Company paid $381 million in cash at closing of the Minority Transaction (the “Initial Purchase Price”) and expects to pay up to $95 million in additional deferred consideration following December 31, 2023. In May 2020, the Initial Purchase Price was adjusted upward by $99.5 million in accordance with the 2018 MIPA as Fortitude Holdings chose not to distribute a planned non-pro rata dividend to AIG prior to May 13, 2020. The Company paid $79.6 million of such adjustment in May 2020 and will pay the remaining $19.9 million following December 31, 2023.
On June 2, 2020, Carlyle FRL, L.P. (“Carlyle FRL”), a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund, acquired a 51.6 % ownership interest in Fortitude Holdings from AIG (the “Control Transaction”) and T&D United Capital Co., Ltd. (“T&D”), a subsidiary of T&D Holdings, Inc., purchased a 25.0 % ownership interest as a strategic third-party investor pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and among the Company, AIG, Carlyle FRL, and T&D, dated as of November 25, 2019 (the “2019 MIPA”). At closing, the Company contributed its existing 19.9 % interest in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, such that Carlyle FRL holds a 71.5 % interest in Fortitude Holdings. Taken together, Carlyle FRL and T&D have 96.5 % ownership of Fortitude Holdings. AIG initially agreed to a post-closing purchase price adjustment in the event of certain adverse reserve developments in the Fortitude Re property and casualty insurance business. Effective June 30, 2021, Fortitude Re and AIG entered into an agreement resulting in the termination of any obligations of AIG to Fortitude Re related to such adverse reserve development.
The Company entered into a strategic asset management relationship with Fortitude Holdings pursuant to which Fortitude Holdings committed to allocate assets in asset management strategies and vehicles of the Company and its affiliates. If Fortitude Holdings fails to allocate an agreed upon amount of assets to the Company’s asset management strategies and vehicles within 30 to 36 months of the closing of the Minority Transaction, the Company may be entitled to certain payments from Fortitude Holdings based on the commitment shortfall and assumed customary rates. As of September 30, 2021, Fortitude Holdings and AIG have committed approximately $6.3 billion of capital to-date to various Carlyle strategies, and the Company does not expect to receive any payments for a commitment shortfall.
Prior to the Control Transaction, the Company’s investment was accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recognizing its pro rata share of Fortitude Holdings’ U.S. GAAP earnings, which is included in principal investment income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. These amounts are inclusive of unrealized gains (losses) related to the change in fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements. Modified coinsurance is subject to the general accounting principles for hedging, specifically the guidance originally issued as Derivatives Implementation Group Issue No. B36: Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Agreements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments (“DIG B36”). As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s investment
31
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
in Fortitude Holdings was $1,200.9 million, which reflected $628.2 million of cumulative unrealized gains related to the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives.
At the time the Company contributed its existing 19.9 % stake in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, the Company’s investment became an ownership interest in the fund. Accordingly, the Company began accounting for its investment under the equity method based on its net asset value in Carlyle FRL, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude Holdings at fair value. The contribution of the Company’s 19.9 % interest to Carlyle FRL resulted in a loss in principal investment income (loss) of $620.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s investment in Carlyle FRL was $655.7 million, relative to its cost of $465.3 million. Following the contribution, the Company no longer records its pro rata share of the U.S. GAAP earnings of Fortitude Holdings. Refer to Note 4 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020 for summarized financial information of Fortitude Holdings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, given the significance of the results of Fortitude Holdings relative to the Company’s results prior to the contribution of its interest to Carlyle FRL.
Strategic Investment in NGP
The Company has equity interests in NGP Management Company, L.L.C. (“NGP Management”), the general partners of certain carry funds advised by NGP, and principal investments in certain NGP funds. The Company accounts for its investments in NGP under the equity method of accounting, and includes these investments in the Global Private Equity segment. These interests entitle the Company to an allocation of income equal to 55.0 % of the management fee-related revenues of NGP Management which serves as the investment advisor to certain NGP funds as well as 47.5 % of the performance allocations received by certain current and future NGP fund general partners.
The Company’s investments in NGP as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Investment in NGP Management | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Investments in NGP general partners - accrued performance allocations | |||||||||||
| Principal investments in NGP funds | |||||||||||
| Total investments in NGP | $ | $ | |||||||||
Investment in NGP Management. The Company’s equity interests in NGP Management entitle the Company to an allocation of income equal to 55.0 % of the management fee-related revenues of NGP Management, which serves as the investment advisor to the NGP Energy Funds. Management fees are generally calculated as 1.0 % to 2.0 % of the limited partners’ commitments during the fund’s investment period, and 0.5 % to 2.0 % based on the lower of cost or fair market value of invested capital following the expiration or termination of the investment period. Management fee-related revenues from NGP Management are primarily driven by NGP XII, NGP XI and NGP X during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
The Company records investment income (loss) for its equity income allocation from NGP management fee-related revenues and also records its share of any allocated expenses from NGP Management, expenses associated with the compensatory elements of the strategic investment, and the amortization of the basis differences related to the definite-lived identifiable intangible assets of NGP Management. The net investment income (loss) recognized in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
32
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fee-related revenues from NGP Management | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses related to the investment in NGP Management | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of basis differences from the investment in NGP Management | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income from NGP Management | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The difference between the Company’s remaining carrying value of its investment and its share of the underlying net assets of the investee was $2.1 million and $4.2 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; these differences are amortized over a period of 10 years from the initial investment date. The Company assesses the remaining carrying value of its equity method investment for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, and considers factors including, but not limited to, expected cash flows from its interest in future management fees and NGP’s ability to raise new funds.
Investment in the General Partners of NGP Carry Funds. The Company’s investment in the general partners of the NGP Carry Funds entitle it to 47.5 % of the performance allocations received by certain current and future NGP fund general partners. The Company records its equity income allocation from NGP performance allocations in principal investment income (loss) from equity method investments rather than performance allocations in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized $1.7 million and $2.8 million of net investment earnings related to these performance allocations for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. There were no
Principal Investments in NGP Funds. The Company also holds principal investments in the NGP Carry Funds. The Company recognized net investment earnings (losses) of $5.1 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $16.8 million and $(14.0 ) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to these investments and which are included in principal investment income in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
33
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Principal Investments in CLOs and Other Investments
Principal investments in CLOs and other investments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $538.9 million and $601.5 million, respectively, and primarily consisted of investments in CLO senior and subordinated notes. A portion of these investments is collateral to CLO term loans (see Note 5). As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, principal investments in CLOs and other investments also included the Company’s investment in the BDC Preferred Shares at fair value of $71.8 million and $60.0 million, respectively (see Note 8).
Investment Income (Loss)
The components of investment income (loss) are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) from equity method investments (excluding performance allocations) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) from investments in CLOs and other investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) The three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 include investment income of $31.5
The performance allocations included in revenues are derived from the following segments:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Approximately 22 %, or $216.0 million, of performance allocations for the three months ended September 30, 2021 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $130.7 million, and
•Carlyle Realty Partners VIII, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $119.1 million.
34
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Approximately 35 %, or $1,715.9 million, of performance allocations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $1,281.0 million, and
•Carlyle Europe Partners IV, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $579.3 million.
Approximately 46 %, or $217.9 million, of performance allocations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $141.7 million, and
•Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $112.4 million.
Performance allocations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are primarily related to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income) of $773.4 million. In addition to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P., performance allocations of $129.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $323.5 million, and
•Carlyle International Energy Partners I, L.P. (Global Private Equity segment) - $(144.9 ) million.
Carlyle’s income (loss) from its principal equity method investments consists of:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Global Credit (1) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes a loss of $620.7 million related to the contribution of the Company's investment in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, as discussed above in "Strategic Investment in Fortitude Re (f/k/a DSA Re)".
Investments of Consolidated Funds
The Company consolidates the financial positions and results of operations of certain CLOs in which it is the primary beneficiary. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company consolidated two CLOs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.
There were no individual investments with a fair value greater than five percent of the Company’s total assets for any period presented.
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds
The components of interest and other income of Consolidated Funds are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income from investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
35
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Net Investment Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Funds
Net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds include net realized gains (losses) from sales of investments and unrealized gains (losses) resulting from changes in fair value of the Consolidated Funds’ investments. The components of net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) from investments of Consolidated Funds | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) from liabilities of CLOs | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
The following table presents realized and unrealized gains (losses) earned from investments of the Consolidated Funds:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains (losses) | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains (losses) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
The Company borrows and enters into credit agreements for its general operating and investment purposes. The Company’s debt obligations consist of the following:
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Outstanding | Carrying Value | Borrowing Outstanding | Carrying Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit Revolving Credit Facility | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
CLO Borrowings (See below) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Senior Credit Facility
As of September 30, 2021, the senior credit facility included $775.0 million in a revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature on February 11, 2024, and principal amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 0.50 %, or (b) at LIBOR plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.50 % (at September 30, 2021, the interest rate was 1.33 %). The Company made no no amounts outstanding at September 30, 2021.
Global Credit Revolving Credit Facility
On December 17, 2018, certain subsidiaries of the Company established a $250.0 million revolving line of credit, primarily intended to support certain lending activities within the Global Credit segment. The credit facility initially included a $125.0 million line of credit with a one-year term, which was amended in December 2020 to extend its maturity to December
36
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
2021, and a $125.0 million line of credit with a three-year term. In September 2021, the revolving line of credit was further amended to terminate the one-year line of credit, and extend the term of the three-year line of credit to September 2024 as well as increase its capacity from $125.0 million to $250.0 million. Principal amounts outstanding under the facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.00 %, or (b) at the Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin, not to exceed 2.00 % (at September 30, 2021, the interest rate was 2.085 %). The Company borrowed $70.0 70.0
CLO Borrowings
For certain of the Company’s CLOs, the Company finances a portion of its investment in the CLOs through the proceeds received from term loans and other financing arrangements with financial institutions. The Company’s outstanding CLO borrowings consist of the following (Dollars in millions):
| Formation Date | Borrowing Outstanding September 30, 2021 | Borrowing Outstanding December 31, 2020 | Maturity Date (1) | Interest Rate as of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 28, 2017 | $ | $ | November 17, 2031 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 19, 2017 | April 22, 2031 | N/A | (3) (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2017 | July 22, 2031 | N/A | (4) (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 2, 2017 | July 23, 2029 | N/A | (5) (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 2, 2017 | August 3, 2022 | N/A | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 14, 2017 | August 15, 2030 | N/A | (7) (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2017 | January 16, 2030 | N/A | (8)(14)(15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 6, 2017 | October 16, 2030 | N/A | (9)(14)(15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 7, 2017 | January 19, 2029 | N/A | (10)(14)(15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 30, 2018 | January 23, 2030 | N/A | (11)(14)(15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 1, 2018 | January 16, 2031 | N/A | (12)(14)(15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 15, 2019 | March 15, 2032 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 20, 2019 | August 15, 2032 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 15, 2020 | April 15, 2033 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 8, 2021 | January 15, 2034 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 9, 2021 | August 15, 2030 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 30, 2021 | March 15, 2032 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 21, 2021 | April 15, 2033 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 21, 2021 | November 17, 2031 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 4, 2021 | January 16, 2034 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 10, 2021 | November 17, 2031 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 4, 2021 | August 15, 2032 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Maturity date is earlier of date indicated or the date that the CLO is dissolved.
(2) Outstanding borrowing of €46.8 million; incurs interest at EURIBOR plus applicable margins as defined in the agreement.
(3) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.932 %. This term loan was fully repaid in April 2021.
(4) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.923 %. This term loan was fully repaid in April 2021.
(5) Incurred interest at LIBOR plus 1.808 %. This term loan was fully repaid in February 2021.
(6) Original borrowing of €17.4 million; incurred interest at EURIBOR plus 1.75 % and had full recourse to the Company. This term loan was fully repaid in March 2021.
(7) Incurred interest at LIBOR plus 1.848 %. This term loan was fully repaid in March 2021.
(8) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.731 %. This term loan was fully repaid in April 2021.
(9) Incurred interest at LIBOR plus 1.647 %. This term loan was fully repaid in May 2021.
(10) Incurred interest at LIBOR plus 1.365 %. This term loan was fully repaid in May 2021.
37
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(11) Incurred interest at LIBOR plus 1.624 %. This term loan was fully repaid in April 2021.
(12) Incurred interest at LIBOR plus 1.552 %. This term loan was fully repaid in May 2021.
(13) Incurs interest at the average effective interest rate of each class of purchased securities plus 0.50 % spread percentage.
(14) Term loan issued under master credit agreement.
(15) CLO Indentures for the respective CLO borrowings entered on November 30, 2017 and after provided for an alternative rate framework determined at the Company’s discretion upon a trigger event of LIBOR.
The CLO term loans are secured by the Company’s investments in the respective CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and generally do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $1.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $4.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively. The fair value of the outstanding balance of the CLO term loans at September 30, 2021 approximated par value based on current market rates for similar debt instruments. These CLO term loans are classified as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
European CLO Financing - February 28, 2017
On February 28, 2017, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a financing agreement with several financial institutions under which these financial institutions have provided a €46.8 million term loan ($54.2 million at September 30, 2021) to the Company. This term loan is secured by the Company’s investments in the retained notes in certain European CLOs that were formed in 2014 and 2015. This term loan will mature on the earlier of November 17, 2031 or the date that the certain European CLO retained notes have been redeemed. The Company may prepay the term loan in whole or in part at any time. Interest on this term loan accrues at EURIBOR plus applicable margins (2.35 % at September 30, 2021).
Master Credit Agreement - Term Loans
In January 2017, the Company entered into a master credit agreement with a financial institution under which the financial institution provided term loans to the Company for the purchase of eligible interests in CLOs. Term loans issued under this master credit agreement were secured by the Company’s investment in the respective CLO as well as any senior management fee and subordinated management fee payable by each CLO. Term loans bore interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread over LIBOR on the CLO notes and an applicable margin, which was due quarterly. CLO indentures for the respective CLO borrowings entered on November 30, 2017 and after provided for an alternative rate framework determined at the Company’s discretion upon a trigger event of LIBOR. This agreement terminated in January 2020. As of September 30, 2021, all outstanding CLO term loans under this agreement have been fully repaid.
CLO Repurchase Agreements
On February 5, 2019, the Company entered into a master credit facility agreement (the “CLO Financing Facility”) to finance a portion of the risk retention investments in certain European CLOs managed by the Company. The maximum facility amount is €100.0 million, but may be expanded on such terms agreed upon by the Company and the counterparty subject to the terms and conditions of the CLO Financing Facility. Each transaction entered into under the CLO Financing Facility will bear interest at a rate based on the weighted average effective interest rate of each class of securities that have been sold plus a spread to be agreed upon by the parties. As of September 30, 2021, €128.6 million was outstanding under the CLO Financing Facility.
Each transaction entered into under the CLO Financing Facility provides for payment netting and, in the case of a default or similar event with respect to the counterparty to the CLO Financing Facility, provides for netting across transactions. Generally, upon a counterparty default, the Company can terminate all transactions under the CLO Financing Facility and offset amounts it owes in respect of any one transaction against collateral, if any, or other amounts it has received in respect of any other transactions under the CLO Financing Facility; provided, however, that in the case of certain defaults, the Company may only be able to terminate and offset solely with respect to the transaction affected by the default. During the term of a transaction entered into under the CLO Financing Facility, the Company will deliver cash or additional securities acceptable to the counterparty if the securities sold are in default. Upon termination of a transaction, the Company will repurchase the previously sold securities from the counterparty at a previously determined repurchase price. The CLO Financing Facility may be terminated at any time upon certain defaults or circumstances agreed upon by the parties.
The repurchase agreements may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparty to the transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. The Company minimizes the credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring counterparty credit exposure and collateral values. Other than margin requirements, the Company is not subject to additional
38
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
terms or contingencies which would expose the Company to additional obligations based upon the performance of the securities pledged as collateral.
Senior Notes
Certain indirect subsidiaries of the the Company have issued long term borrowings in the form of senior notes, on which interest is payable semi-annually in arrears. The following table provides information regarding these senior notes (Dollars in millions):
| Interest Expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value (1) As of | Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aggregate Principal Amount | September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Including accrued interest. Fair value is based on indicative quotes and the notes are classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy.
(2) Issued in January 2013 at 99.966 % of par.
(3) Issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal at 99.583 % of par in March 2013. An additional $200.0 million in aggregate principal was issued at 104.315 % of par in March 2014, and is treated as a single class with the outstanding $400.0 million in senior notes previously issued.
(4) Issued in September 2018 at 99.914 % of par.
(5) Issued in September 2019 at 99.841 % of par.
The issuers may redeem the senior notes, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to the greater of (i) 100 % of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on any notes being redeemed discounted to the redemption date on a semiannual basis at the Treasury Rate plus 40 30 3.875 % and 3.500 % senior notes), plus in each case accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amounts being redeemed. On October 22, 2021, the Company announced its intention to redeem the remaining 3.875 % Senior Notes in whole at the make-whole redemption price as set forth in the notes, which is expected to be completed in November 2021.
Subordinated Notes
In May 2021, an indirect subsidiary of the Company issued $435.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625 % Subordinated Notes due May 15, 2061 (the “Subordinated Notes”), on which interest is payable quarterly accruing from May 11, 2021. In June 2021, an additional $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of these Subordinated Notes were issued and are treated as a single series with the already outstanding $435.0 million aggregate principal amount. The Subordinated Notes are unsecured and subordinated obligations of the issuer, and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed (the “Guarantees”), jointly and severally, on a subordinated basis, by the Company, each of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and CG Subsidiary Holdings L.L.C., an indirect subsidiary of the Company (collectively, the “Guarantors”). The Consolidated Funds are not guarantors, and as such, the assets of the Consolidated Funds are not available to service the Subordinated Notes under the Guarantee. The Subordinated Notes may be redeemed at the issuer’s option in whole at any time or in part from time to time on or after June 15, 2026 at a redemption price equal to their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. If interest due on the Subordinated Notes is deemed no longer to be deductible in the U.S., a “Tax Redemption Event”, the Subordinated Notes may be redeemed, in whole, but not in part, within 120 days of the occurrence of such event at a redemption price equal to their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. In addition, the Subordinated Notes may be redeemed, in whole, but not in part, at any time prior to May 15, 2026, within 90 days of the rating agencies determining that the Subordinated Notes should no longer receive partial equity treatment pursuant to the rating agency’s criteria, a “rating agency event”, at a redemption price equal to 102 % of their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.
39
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of the Subordinated Notes was $512.4 million. Fair value is based on active market quotes and the notes are classified as Level I within the fair value hierarchy. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and for the period from May 11, 2021 through September 30, 2021, the Company incurred $5.6 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of interest expense on the Subordinated Notes.
Debt Covenants
The Company is subject to various financial covenants under its loan agreements including, among other items, maintenance of a minimum amount of management fee-earning assets. The Company is also subject to various non-financial covenants under its loan agreements and the indentures governing its senior and subordinated notes. The Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under its various loan agreements as of September 30, 2021.
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds primarily represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs. Several of the CLOs issued preferred shares representing the most subordinated interest, however these tranches are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity dates of the senior secured loans payable, and as a result have been classified as liabilities and are included in loans payable of Consolidated Funds in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the following borrowings were outstanding, which includes preferred shares classified as liabilities (Dollars in millions):
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Outstanding | Fair Value | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes, preferred shares and other | N/A | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Outstanding | Fair Value | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes, preferred shares and other | N/A | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The subordinated notes and preferred shares do not have contractual interest rates, but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the CLOs.
Loans payable of the CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the CLOs and the assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consisted of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of the CLO assets was $6.7 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively.
40
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
6. Accrued Compensation and Benefits
Accrued compensation and benefits consist of the following:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued bonuses | |||||||||||
| Employment-based contingent cash consideration | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following table presents realized and unrealized performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Capital Commitments
The Company and its unconsolidated affiliates have unfunded commitments to entities within the following segments as of September 30, 2021 (Dollars in millions):
| Unfunded Commitments | |||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | ||||
| Global Credit | |||||
| Global Investment Solutions | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
Of the $4.4 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $3.9 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Company. In addition to these unfunded commitments, the Company may from time to time exercise its right to purchase additional interests in its investment funds that become available in the ordinary course of their operations.
Under the Carlyle Global Capital Markets platform, certain subsidiaries of the Company may act as an underwriter, syndicator or placement agent for security offerings and loan originations. The Company earns fees in connection with these activities and bears the risk of the sale of such securities and placement of such loans, which may be longer dated. As of September 30, 2021, certain subsidiaries of the Company had $62.9 million in unfunded commitments related to the origination and syndication of loans and securities under the Carlyle Global Capital Markets platform, which were extinguished in October 2021.
Guaranteed Loans
On September 3, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with a financial institution pursuant to which the Company is the guarantor on loans made to eligible employees investing in Carlyle sponsored funds (the “Program”). The Program has an initial period of one year , renewed annually, and accrues interest at either the WSJ Prime Rate minus 1.00 % floating or the 12MAT Index plus 2.00 % floating, in either case with a floor rate of 3.50 % (versus actual rates of 2.25 % and 2.08 %, respectively, as of September 30, 2021). The aggregate Program limit of all loans is $100.0 million, and is collateralized
41
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
by each borrower’s interest in the Carlyle sponsored funds. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $15.0 million was outstanding under the Program and payable by the employees. The Company has not funded any amounts under the guarantee to date, and believes the likelihood of any material funding under this guarantee to be remote. The fair value of the guarantee is not significant to the consolidated financial statements. The Program replaced a similar agreement with another financial institution, the remaining amount outstanding and guaranteed under which was immaterial as of September 30, 2021.
From time to time, the Company or its subsidiaries may enter into agreements to guarantee certain obligations of the investment funds related to, for example, credit facilities or equity commitments. Certain consolidated subsidiaries of the Company are the guarantors of revolving credit facilities for certain funds in the Global Investment Solutions segment. The guarantee is limited to the lesser of the total amount drawn under the credit facilities or the net asset value of the guarantor subsidiaries, which was approximately $9.8 million as of September 30, 2021. The outstanding balances are secured by uncalled capital commitments from the underlying funds and the Company believes the likelihood of any material funding under this guarantee to be remote.
Contingent Obligations (Giveback)
A liability for potential repayment of previously received performance allocations of $24.7 million at September 30, 2021 is shown as accrued giveback obligations in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, representing the giveback obligation that would need to be paid if the funds were liquidated at their current fair values at September 30, 2021. However, the ultimate giveback obligation, if any, generally is not paid until the end of a fund’s life or earlier if the giveback becomes fixed and early payment is agreed upon by the fund’s partners (see Note 2). The Company has no unbilled receivables from former and current employees and senior Carlyle professionals as of September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020 related to giveback obligations. Any such receivables would be collateralized by investments made by individual senior Carlyle professionals and employees in Carlyle-sponsored funds. In addition, $173.8 million and $175.9 million have been withheld from distributions of carried interest to senior Carlyle professionals and employees for potential giveback obligations as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Such amounts are held on behalf of the respective current and former Carlyle employees to satisfy any givebacks they may owe and are held by entities not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Current and former senior Carlyle professionals and employees are personally responsible for their giveback obligations. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $11.6 million of the Company’s accrued giveback obligation is the responsibility of various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other former limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and the net accrued giveback obligation attributable to the Company is $13.1 million.
If, at September 30, 2021, all of the investments held by the Company’s Funds were deemed worthless, a possibility that management views as remote, the amount of realized and distributed carried interest subject to potential giveback would be $1.0 billion, on an after-tax basis where applicable, of which approximately $0.5 billion would be the responsibility of current and former senior Carlyle professionals.
Leases
The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space in various countries around the world, including its headquarters in Washington, D.C. The Company relocated one of its New York City offices in December 2020 to new office space in Midtown New York. These leases have remaining lease terms of one year to 15 years, some of which include options to extend for up to five years and some of which include an option to terminate the leases within one year . The Company also has operating leases for office equipment and vehicles, which are not significant.
The Company assesses its lease right-of-use assets for impairment consistent with its impairment assessment of other long-lived assets. In connection with the April 1, 2021 sale of Metropolitan Real Estate, the Company entered into a sublease agreement for a portion of its existing office space in New York during the three months ended June 30, 2021. As a result of the sublease transaction, the Company recorded a lease impairment charge of $26.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021, which was the excess of the carrying value of the associated lease right-of-use asset over its estimated fair value. The Company estimated the fair value using discounted cash flows from the estimated net sublease rental income. The impairment charge is included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
42
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the Company’s lease cost, cash flows and other supplemental information related to its operating leases (Dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating lease cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Maturities of lease liabilities related to operating leases were as follows (Dollars in millions):
| Year ending December 31, | |||||
| 2021 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2021) | $ | ||||
| 2022 | |||||
| 2023 | |||||
| 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total lease payments | $ | ||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | ||||
Legal Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is a party to litigation, investigations, inquiries, employment-related matters, disputes and other potential claims. Certain of these matters are described below. The Company is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible amount of loss or range of loss, in excess of any amounts accrued, for the matters that have not been resolved. The Company does not believe it is probable that the outcome of any existing litigation, investigations, disputes or other potential claims will materially affect the Company or these financial statements in excess of amounts accrued. The Company believes that the matters described below are without merit.
Along with many other companies and individuals in the financial sector, the Company and Carlyle Mezzanine Partners, L.P. (“CMP”) are named as defendants in Foy v. Austin Capital, a case filed in June 2009 in state court in New Mexico, which purports to be a qui tam suit on behalf of the State of New Mexico under the state Fraud Against Taxpayers Act (“FATA”). The suit alleges that investment decisions by New Mexico public investment funds were improperly influenced by campaign contributions and payments to politically connected placement agents. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, actual damages for lost income, rescission of the investment transactions described in the complaint and disgorgement of all fees received. In September 2017, the Court dismissed the lawsuit and the plaintiffs then filed an appeal seeking to reverse that decision. In June 2020, the Court of Appeals affirmed the decision dismissing the case. On June 24, 2020, plaintiffs filed a motion for rehearing with the Court of Appeals. On June 30, 2020, the Court of Appeals denied that motion. Plaintiffs filed an appeal to the New Mexico Supreme Court. On October 9, 2020, the New Mexico Supreme Court denied Foy’s petition for certiorari. On October 27, 2020, Foy filed two motions for rehearing with the New Mexico Supreme Court. On May 26, 2021, certain other defendants in the actions filed in the New Mexico Supreme Court a motion to dismiss due to the deaths of the two qui tam plaintiffs.
Carlyle Capital Corporation Limited (“CCC”) was a fund sponsored by the Company that invested in AAA-rated residential mortgage backed securities on a highly leveraged basis. It filed for insolvency protection in Guernsey in 2008 during
43
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
the financial crisis. The Guernsey liquidators who took control of CCC in March 2008 pursued litigation against the Company, certain of its affiliates and the former directors of CCC (collectively, the “Carlyle Defendants”) in the Royal Court of Guernsey. The Carlyle Defendants prevailed in the litigation and also prevailed in the liquidator’s appeal of the trial court decision. On April 21, 2020, the parties executed a definitive settlement agreement to end further appeals. The liquidators paid the Company approximately £24.2 million to reimburse legal fees and expenses to defend the claims, and the Company recognized $29.9 million as a reduction to general, administrative and other expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company currently is and expects to continue to be, from time to time, subject to examinations, formal and informal inquiries and investigations by various U.S. and non-U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, including but not limited to, the SEC, Department of Justice, state attorneys general, FINRA, National Futures Association and the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. The Company routinely cooperates with such examinations, inquiries and investigations, and they may result in the commencement of civil, criminal, or administrative or other proceedings against the Company or its personnel.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings and employment-related matters, and some of the matters discussed above involve claims for potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts of damages. Based on information known by management, management does not believe that as of the date of this filing the final resolutions of the matters above will have a material effect upon the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. However, given the potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts of damages sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of investigations and litigations, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material effect on the Company’s financial results in any particular period.
The Company accrues an estimated loss contingency liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had recorded liabilities aggregating to approximately $35 million for litigation-related contingencies, regulatory examinations and inquiries, and other matters. The Company evaluates its outstanding legal and regulatory proceedings and other matters each quarter to assess its loss contingency accruals, and makes adjustments in such accruals, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. There is no assurance that the Company’s accruals for loss contingencies will not need to be adjusted in the future or that, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the accruals that the Company has recorded.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide general indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Company believes the risk of material loss to be remote.
In connection with the sale of the Company’s interest in its local Brazilian management entity in August 2021, the Company provided a guarantee to the acquiring company of up to BRL 100.0 million ($18.3 million as of September 30, 2021) for liabilities arising from tax-related indemnifications. This guarantee, which will expire in August 2027, would only come into effect after all alternative remedies have been exhausted. The Company believes the likelihood of any material funding under this guarantee to be remote.
Risks and Uncertainties
Carlyle’s funds seek investment opportunities that offer the possibility of attaining substantial capital appreciation. Certain events particular to each industry in which the underlying investees conduct their operations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory and public health conditions, may have a significant negative impact on the Company’s investments and profitability. The funds managed by the Company may also experience a slowdown in the deployment of capital, which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to raise capital for new or successor funds and could also impact the management fees the Company earns on its carry funds and managed accounts. Such events are beyond the Company’s control, and the likelihood that they may occur and the effect on the Company cannot be predicted.
Furthermore, certain of the funds’ investments are made in private companies and there are generally no public markets for the underlying securities at the current time. The funds’ ability to liquidate their publicly-traded investments are often subject to limitations, including discounts that may be required to be taken on quoted prices due to the number of shares being sold. The funds’ ability to liquidate their investments and realize value is subject to significant limitations and uncertainties, including among others currency fluctuations and natural disasters.
44
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company and the funds make investments outside of the United States. Investments outside the United States may be subject to less developed bankruptcy, corporate, partnership and other laws (which may have the effect of disregarding or otherwise circumventing the limited liability structures potentially causing the actions or liabilities of one fund or a portfolio company to adversely impact the Company or an unrelated fund or portfolio company). Non-U.S. investments are subject to the same risks associated with the Company’s U.S. investments as well as additional risks, such as fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, difficulties in managing non-U.S. investments, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws.
Furthermore, Carlyle is exposed to economic risk concentrations related to certain large investments as well as concentrations of investments in certain industries and geographies.
Additionally, the Company encounters credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of default by a counterparty in the Company’s investments in debt securities, loans, leases and derivatives that result from a borrower’s, lessee’s or derivative counterparty’s inability or unwillingness to make required or expected payments.
The Company considers cash, cash equivalents, securities, receivables, principal equity method investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other liabilities, loans, senior notes, assets and liabilities of Consolidated Funds and contingent and other consideration for acquisitions to be its financial instruments. Except for the senior and subordinated notes, the carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments equal or closely approximate their fair values. The fair value of the senior and subordinated notes is disclosed in Note 5.
8. Related Party Transactions
Due from Affiliates and Other Receivables, Net
The Company had the following due from affiliates and other receivables at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued incentive fees | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Notes receivable and accrued interest from affiliates | |||||||||||
| Management fee, reimbursable expenses and other receivables from unconsolidated funds and affiliates, net | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Notes receivable represent loans that the Company has provided to certain unconsolidated funds to meet short-term obligations to purchase investments. Reimbursable expenses and other receivables from certain of the unconsolidated funds and portfolio companies relate to management fees receivable from limited partners, advisory fees receivable and expenses paid on behalf of these entities. These costs represent costs related to the pursuit of actual or proposed investments, professional fees and expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of the investments. The affiliates are obligated at the discretion of the Company to reimburse the expenses. Based on management’s determination, the Company accrues and charges interest on amounts due from affiliate accounts at interest rates ranging up to 6.90 % as of September 30, 2021. The accrued and charged interest to the affiliates was not significant for any period presented.
These receivables are assessed regularly for collectability and amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged directly to general, administrative and other expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A corresponding allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded and such amounts were not significant for any period presented.
45
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Due to Affiliates
The Company had the following due to affiliates balances at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Due to non-consolidated affiliates | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units | |||||||||||
| Amounts owed under the tax receivable agreement | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
The Company has recorded obligations for amounts due to certain of its affiliates. The Company periodically offsets expenses it has paid on behalf of its affiliates against these obligations.
Deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units relates to the remaining obligation to the holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units who will receive cash payments aggregating to $1.50 per Carlyle Holdings partnership unit exchanged in connection with the Conversion, payable in annual installments of $0.30 . The first and second annual installment payments occurred in January 2020 and January 2021, respectively. The obligation was initially recorded at fair value, net of a discount of $11.3 million and measured using Level III inputs in the fair value hierarchy.
In connection with the Company’s initial public offering, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships whereby certain subsidiaries of the Partnership agreed to pay to the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships involved in any exchange transaction 85 % of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax realized as a result of increases in tax basis resulting from exchanges of Carlyle Holdings Partnership units for common units of The Carlyle Group L.P.
Other Related Party Transactions
In the normal course of business, the Company has made use of aircraft owned by entities controlled by senior Carlyle professionals. The senior Carlyle professionals paid for their purchases of aircraft and bear all operating, personnel and maintenance costs associated with their operation for personal use. Payment by the Company for the business use of these aircraft by senior Carlyle professionals and other employees is made at market rates throughout the year based on budgeted business usage. When actual business use exceeds budgeted aircraft use, the Company makes additional payments to the aircraft owner and/or the aircraft management company, as appropriate. Similarly, when the aggregate amount paid for budgeted aircraft use exceeds the calculated costs of actual business use, or results in rates which exceed market aircraft charter rates, we receive reimbursement of such excess payments from the aircraft owner and/or the aircraft management company, as appropriate. These adjustments are calculated annually and payments or reimbursements are generally made after year-end. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company made payments of $0.5 million, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company received net reimbursements of $1.2 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company made payments totaling $0.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The accrual of aircraft fees is included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
On May 5, 2020, the Company purchased 2,000,000 shares of cumulative convertible preferred stock from TCG BDC in a private placement at a price of $25 per share (the “BDC Preferred Shares”). Dividends are payable on a quarterly basis in an initial amount equal to 7.0 % per annum payable in cash, or, at TCG BDC’s option, 9.0 % per annual payable in additional shares of BDC Preferred Stock. The Company recorded TCG BDC dividend income of $0.8 million and $0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $2.6 million and $1.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which is included in interest and other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s investment in the BDC Preferred Shares, which is recorded at fair value, was $71.8 million and $60.0 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in investments, including accrued performance allocations, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
46
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Senior Carlyle professionals and employees are permitted to participate in co-investment entities that invest in Carlyle funds or alongside Carlyle funds. In many cases, participation is limited by law to individuals who qualify under applicable legal requirements. These co-investment entities generally do not require senior Carlyle professionals and employees to pay management fees or performance allocations, however, Carlyle professionals and employees are required to pay their portion of partnership expenses.
Carried interest income from the funds can be distributed to senior Carlyle professionals and employees on a current basis, but is subject to repayment by the subsidiary of the Company that acts as general partner of the fund in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The senior Carlyle professionals and certain other investment professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligation of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several and not joint and are limited to a particular individual’s distributions received.
The Company does business with some of its portfolio companies; all such arrangements are on a negotiated basis.
9. Income Taxes
Following the Conversion on January 1, 2020, all of the income before provision for income taxes attributable to the Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes. Prior to the Conversion, the Company was generally organized as a series of pass through entities pursuant to the United States Internal Revenue Code. As such, the Company was not responsible for the tax liability due on certain income earned during the year. Such income was taxed at the unitholder and non-controlling interest holder level, and any income tax was the responsibility of the unitholders and was paid at that level.
The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes was $153.9 million and $82.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $733.5 million and $54.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the provision for income taxes reflects a tax benefit of $35.6 million related to the net loss recorded during the period, net of the $90.3 million expense related to Conversion. For additional information regarding the impact of Conversion, refer to Note 11 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company’s effective tax rate was approximately 22 % and 20 % for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 24 % and (47 )% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is primarily comprised of the 21% U.S. federal corporate income tax rate plus U.S. state and foreign corporate income taxes, partially offset by non-controlling interests and the impact of a discrete tax benefit resulting from the vesting of restricted stock units. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the income tax expense resulting from the Conversion offsetting the tax benefit from the net loss recorded in the period. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had federal, state, local and foreign taxes payable of $180.4 million and $62.7 million, respectively, which is recorded as a component of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. With a few exceptions, as of September 30, 2021, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for tax years 2017 through 2020 are open under the normal three-year statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. State and local tax returns are generally subject to audit for tax years 2015 to 2020. Foreign tax returns are generally subject to audit for tax years 2011 to 2020. Certain of the Company’s affiliates are currently under audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities.
The Company does not believe that the outcome of these audits will require it to record material reserves for uncertain tax positions or that the outcome will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
47
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
10. Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities
The components of the Company’s non-controlling interests in consolidated entities are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest in carried interest, giveback obligations and cash held for carried interest distributions | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | $ | $ | |||||||||
The components of the Company’s non-controlling interests in income (loss) of consolidated entities are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest in carried interest, giveback obligations and cash held for carried interest distributions | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in income (loss) of consolidated entities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
11. Earnings Per Common Share
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share are calculated as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common shares | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per common share | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to common shares | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
48
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuable The Carlyle Group Inc. common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuable The Carlyle Group Inc. common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company applies the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted-average common shares represented by the unvested restricted stock units. Also included in the determination of dilutive weighted-average common shares are issuable common shares associated with the Company’s acquisitions, strategic investment in NGP and performance-vesting restricted stock units. All such awards were antidilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share given the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
12. Equity
Stock Repurchase Program
In December 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units, which was re-authorized in January 2020 by the Board of Directors with regard to our common stock in connection with the Conversion. In February 2021, the Board of Directors replenished the repurchase program to its limit of $200 million of common stock from its maximum remaining repurchase amount of $139.1 million. Under this repurchase program, shares of common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and actual number of shares of common stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company paid an aggregate of $59.5 million and $84.5 million, respectively, to repurchase and retire approximately 1.2 million and 1.9 million shares, respectively, with all of the repurchases done via open market and brokered transactions. As of September 30, 2021, $115.5 million of repurchase capacity remains under the program. In October 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of common stock, which will replace the authorization provided in February 2021 effective January 1, 2022.
49
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Dividends
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly dividends on the common shares, which were made at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company.
| Dividend Record Date | Dividend Payment Date | Dividend per Common Share | Dividend to Common Stockholders | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| May 12, 2020 | May 19, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| August 11, 2020 | August 18, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| November 10, 2020 | November 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| February 16, 2021 | February 23, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total 2020 Dividend Year | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 11, 2021 | May 19, 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| August 10, 2021 | August 17, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| November 9, 2021 | November 17, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total 2021 Dividend Year (through Q3 2021) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
The Board of Directors will take into account general economic and business conditions, as well as the Company’s strategic plans and prospects, business and investment opportunities, financial condition and obligations, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, other constraints on the payment of dividends by the Company to its common stockholders or by subsidiaries to the Company, and other such factors as the Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, the terms of the Company’s credit facility provide certain limits on the Company’s ability to pay dividends.
13. Equity-Based Compensation
In May 2012, Carlyle Group Management L.L.C., the general partner of the Partnership, adopted the Equity Incentive Plan. The Equity Incentive Plan, which was amended on January 1, 2020 in connection with the Conversion to reflect shares of the Company’s common stock, is a source of equity-based awards permitting the Company to grant to Carlyle employees, directors and consultants non-qualified options, share appreciation rights, common shares, restricted stock units and other awards based on the Company’s common shares. The total number of the Company’s common shares which were initially available for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan was 30,450,000 . Prior to June 1, 2021, the Equity Incentive Plan contained a provision which automatically increased the number of the Company’s common shares available for grant based on a pre-determined formula; this increase occurred annually on January 1. As of January 1, 2021, pursuant to the formula, the total number of the Company’s common shares available for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan was 35,352,057 . On June 1, 2021, the shareholders of the Company approved an amended and restated Equity Incentive Plan that removed the provision providing for the automatic increase and reset the total number of shares of common stock available for grant to 16,000,000 for awards granted under the plan after June 1, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, the total number of the Company’s common shares available for grant under the amended and restated Equity Incentive Plan was 15,699,405 .
A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested equity-based awards as of September 30, 2021 and a summary of changes for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, are presented below:
| Unvested Shares | Restricted Stock Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Unvested Common Shares (1) | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes common shares issued in connection with the Company’s strategic investment in NGP.
50
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company granted 7.0 million long-term, strategic restricted stock units to certain senior professionals, the majority of which are subject to vesting based on the achievement of annual performance targets over four years . Compensation cost will be recognized over the requisite service period if it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied.
The Company recorded compensation expense for restricted stock units, net of forfeitures, of $42.5 million and $18.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with $8.4 million and $4.5 million of corresponding deferred tax benefits, respectively. The Company recorded compensation expense, net of forfeitures, for restricted stock units of $122.0 million and $78.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with $25.6 million and $19.5 million of corresponding deferred tax benefits, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, the total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units was $329.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 2.3 years.
14. Segment Reporting
Carlyle conducts its operations through three reportable segments:
Global Private Equity – The Global Private Equity segment is comprised of the Company’s operations that advise a diverse group of funds that invest in buyout, middle market and growth capital, real estate and natural resources transactions.
Global Credit – The Global Credit segment advises a group of funds that pursue investment opportunities across various types of credit, including loans and structured credit, direct lending, opportunistic credit, energy credit, distressed credit, aircraft financing and servicing, and capital solutions.
Global Investment Solutions – The Global Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities through AlpInvest. This segment also included Metropolitan Real Estate (“MRE”), a global manager of real estate fund of funds and related co-investment and secondary activities, prior to its sale on April 1, 2021.
The Company’s reportable business segments are differentiated by their various investment focuses and strategies. Overhead costs are generally allocated based on cash-based compensation and benefits expense for each segment. The Company’s earnings from its investment in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions within the Global Private Equity segment.
Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings, or “DE,” is a key performance benchmark used in the Company’s industry and is evaluated regularly by management in making resource deployment and compensation decisions and in assessing performance of the Company’s three reportable segments. Management also uses DE in budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of the Company’s segments. Management believes that reporting DE is helpful to understanding the Company’s business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze the Company’s segment performance. DE is intended to show the amount of net realized earnings without the effects of the consolidation of the Consolidated Funds. DE is derived from the Company’s segment reported results and is used to assess performance.
Distributable Earnings differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes certain tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues (comprised of performance allocations and incentive fees), and does not include unrealized performance allocations and related compensation expense, unrealized principal investment income, equity-based compensation expense, net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interests in consolidated entities, or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges (credits) associated with acquisitions, dispositions, or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate conversion costs, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions and dispositions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent considerations issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, impairment charges associated with lease right-of-use assets, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance. Management believes the inclusion or exclusion of these items provides investors with a meaningful indication of the Company’s core operating performance.
Fee Related Earnings. Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE,” is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income
51
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of DE and also adjusts DE to exclude net realized performance revenues, realized principal investment income, net interest (interest income less interest expense), and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.
The following tables present the financial data for the Company’s three reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | Global Credit | Global Investment Solutions | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
52
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | Global Credit | Global Investment Solutions | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets as of September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
53
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following tables present the financial data for the Company’s three reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | Global Credit | Global Investment Solutions | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
54
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | Global Credit | Global Investment Solutions | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
55
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | (a) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | $ | $ | ( | $ | (c) | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | $ | ( | (d) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | (a) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | $ | $ | $ | (c) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | $ | (d) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables reconcile the Total Segments to the Company’s Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and Total Assets as of September 30, 2021.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | (a) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | (c) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | $ | (d) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | ( | (e) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | ( | (a) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | (c) | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | (d) | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The Revenues adjustment principally represents unrealized performance revenues, unrealized principal investment income (loss) (including Fortitude Re), revenues earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, and the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues, as detailed below:
56
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized performance revenues | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized principal investment income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from investment in Fortitude Re | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments related to expenses associated with investments in NGP Management and its affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense associated with certain performance revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of revenues of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
The following table reconciles the total segments fund level fee revenue to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, the Company’s consolidated fund management fees, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments - Fund level fee revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments (1) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated - Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Adjustments represent the reclassification of NGP management fees from principal investment income, the reclassification of certain incentive fees from business development companies and other credit products, management fees earned from consolidated CLOs which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s fund management fees, and the reclassification of certain amounts included in portfolio advisory fees, net and other in the segment results that are included in interest and other income in the U.S. GAAP results.
(b)The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Company, the inclusion of equity-based compensation, certain tax expenses associated with realized performance revenues related compensation, and unrealized performance revenues related compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, and charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items, as detailed below:
57
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized performance revenues related compensation | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition or disposition-related charges (credits) and amortization of intangibles | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues related compensation | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset impairment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other adjustments including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
(c)The Other Income (Loss) adjustment results from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total Other Income (Loss).
(d)The following table is a reconciliation of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Income Taxes to Distributable Earnings and to Fee Related Earnings:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net unrealized performance revenues | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss (1) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted unrealized principal investment (income) loss from investment in Fortitude Re (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition or disposition-related charges (credits), including amortization of intangibles | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax (expense) benefit associated with certain foreign performance revenues | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset impairment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other adjustments including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized performance revenues, net of related compensation (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized principal investment income (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Adjustments to unrealized principal investment income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are inclusive of $211.8 million of unrealized gains, resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements prior to the contribution of the Company’s investment in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. At the time of the contribution of the Company’s investment to Carlyle FRL, the Company began accounting for its investment under the equity method based on its net asset value in the fund, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude Holdings at fair value.
58
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(2)Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from the investment in Fortitude Re represents 19.9 % of Fortitude Holdings’ estimated net income (loss), excluding the unrealized gains (losses) related to embedded derivatives, prior to the contribution of the Company’s investment in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020.
(3)Equity-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 includes amounts that are presented in principal investment income and general, administrative and other expenses in the Company’s U.S. GAAP statement of operations.
(4)See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
(5) Adjustments to performance revenues and principal investment income (loss) relate to (i) unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense and unrealized principal investment income, which are excluded from the segment results, (ii) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were
59
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
included in the segment results, (iii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iv) the reclassification of NGP performance revenues, which are included in principal investment income in U.S. GAAP financial statements, (v) the reclassification of certain incentive fees from business development companies, which are included in fund management fees in the segment results, and (vi) the reclassification of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues. Adjustments to principal investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the segment results, and the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the segment results.
(e) The Total Assets adjustment represents the addition of the assets of the Consolidated Funds that were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total assets.
60
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
15. Subsequent Events
On October 22, 2021, the Company announced its intention to redeem the remaining 3.875 % Senior Notes in whole at the make-whole redemption price as set forth in the notes, which is expected to be completed in November 2021.
Dividends
In October 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to common stockholders of record at the close of business on November 9, 2021, payable on November 17, 2021.
Share Repurchase Program
In October 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of common stock, which will replace the authorization provided in February 2021 effective January 1, 2022.
61
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
16. Supplemental Financial Information
The following supplemental financial information illustrates the consolidating effects of the Consolidated Funds on the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The supplemental statement of cash flows is presented without effects of the Consolidated Funds.
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, including performance allocations of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued giveback obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
62
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| As of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, including performance allocations of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued giveback obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
63
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment loss of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
64
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment gain of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three months ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment losses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before provision for income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset impairment, net of broker fees | |||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Non-cash performance allocations and incentive fees | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-cash principal investment (income) loss | ( | ||||||||||
| Other non-cash amounts | ( | ||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of investments | |||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in deferred taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Change in due from affiliates and other receivables | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in deposits and other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Change in due to affiliates | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in lease right-of-use asset and lease liability | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of MRE, net of cash sold | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Brazil management entity, net of cash sold | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Borrowings under credit facilities | |||||||||||
| Repayments under credit facilities | ( | ||||||||||
Issuance of | |||||||||||
| Payments on debt obligations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from debt obligations, net of financing costs | |||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Dividends to common stockholders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payment of deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Contributions from non-controlling interest holders | |||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling interest holders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Common shares repurchased | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in due to/from affiliates financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | |||||||||
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
On January 1, 2020, we completed our conversion from a Delaware limited partnership named The Carlyle Group L.P. into a Delaware corporation named The Carlyle Group Inc. Pursuant to the Conversion, at the specified effective time on January 1, 2020, each common unit of The Carlyle Group L.P. outstanding immediately prior to the effective time converted into one share of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. and each special voting unit and general partner unit was canceled for no consideration. In addition, holders of the partnership units in Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P. exchanged such units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock and certain other restructuring steps occurred (the conversion, together with such restructuring steps and related transactions, the “Conversion”).
Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this report to “Carlyle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer (i) prior to the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) from and after the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to our common stock in periods prior to the Conversion refer to the common units of The Carlyle Group L.P.
The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Company”). Such analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Overview
We conduct our operations through three reportable segments: Global Private Equity, Global Credit, and Global Investment Solutions.
•Global Private Equity — Our Global Private Equity segment advises our buyout, middle market and growth capital funds, our U.S. and internationally focused real estate funds, our natural resources funds, and our Legacy Energy funds (as defined below). The segment also includes the NGP Predecessor Funds and NGP Carry Funds advised by NGP. As of September 30, 2021, our Global Private Equity segment had $161 billion in AUM and $90 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
•Global Credit — Our Global Credit segment advises funds and vehicles that pursue investment strategies including loans and structured credit, direct lending, opportunistic credit, distressed credit, and aircraft financing and servicing. As of September 30, 2021, our Global Credit segment had $66 billion in AUM and $48 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
•Global Investment Solutions — Our Global Investment Solutions segment advises fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities. As of September 30, 2021, our Global Investment Solutions segment had $66 billion in AUM and $38 billion in Fee-earning AUM. Our Investment Solutions segment also included Metropolitan Real Estate (“MRE”) prior to its sale on April 1, 2021.
We earn management fees pursuant to contractual arrangements with the investment funds that we manage and fees for transaction advisory and oversight services provided to portfolio companies of these funds. We also typically receive from an investment fund either an incentive fee or a special residual allocation of income, which we refer to as a performance allocation, or carried interest, in the event that specified investment returns are achieved by the fund. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), we are required to consolidate some of the investment funds that we advise. However, for segment reporting purposes, we present revenues and expenses on a basis that deconsolidates these investment funds. Accordingly, our segment revenues primarily consist of fund management and related advisory fees, realized performance revenues (consisting of incentive fees and performance allocations), realized principal investment income, including realized gains on our investments in our funds and other trading securities, as well as interest and other income. Our segment expenses primarily consist of compensation and benefits expenses, including salaries, bonuses, realized performance payment arrangements, and general and administrative expenses. While our segment expenses include depreciation and interest expense, our segment expenses exclude acquisition and disposition related charges and amortization of intangibles and impairment. Refer to Note 14 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on the differences between our financial results reported pursuant to U.S. GAAP and our financial results for segment reporting purposes.
Our Family of Funds
The following chart presents the name (acronym), total capital commitments (in the case of our carry funds, structured credit funds, and the NGP Predecessor Funds), assets under management (open-end products and non-carry Aviation vehicles), gross assets (in the case of our BDCs) and vintage year of the active funds in each of our segments, as of September 30, 2021. We present total capital commitments (as opposed to assets under management) for our closed-end investment funds because
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we believe this metric provides the most useful information regarding the relative size and scale of such funds. In the case of our products which are open-ended and accordingly do not have permanent committed capital, we generally believe the most useful metric regarding relative size and scale is assets under management.
Global Private Equity1 | Global Credit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | Real Estate Carry Funds | Liquid Credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Partners (U.S.) | Carlyle Realty Partners (U.S.) | Cash CLOs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VIII | $10.5 bn | 2021 | CRP IX | $7.3 bn | 2021 | U.S. | $24.3 bn | 2012-2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VII | $18.5 bn | 2018 | CRP VIII | $5.5 bn | 2017 | Europe | €8.1 bn | 2013-2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | $13.0 bn | 2014 | CRP VII | $4.2 bn | 2014 | Structured Credit Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP V | $13.7 bn | 2007 | CRP VI | $2.3 bn | 2011 | CREV | $0.5 bn | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Financial Services Partners | CRP V | $3.0 bn | 2006 | CSC | $0.8 bn | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP III | $1.0 bn | 2018 | CRP IV | $1.0 bn | 2005 | Illiquid Credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II | $1.0 bn | 2013 | Core Plus Real Estate (U.S.) | Business Development Companies3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Europe Partners | CPI4 | $6.4 bn | 2016 | TCG BDC II, Inc. | $2.3 bn | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP V | €6.4 bn | 2018 | International Real Estate | TCG BDC, Inc. | $2.0 bn | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP IV | €3.8 bn | 2014 | CER II | €0.3 bn | 2021 | Opportunistic Credit Carry Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP III | €5.3 bn | 2007 | CER I | €0.5 bn | 2017 | CCOF II | $3.0 bn | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP II | €1.8 bn | 2003 | CEREP III | €2.2 bn | 2007 | CCOF | $2.4 bn | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Asia Partners | Natural Resources Funds | Distressed Credit Carry Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP V | $6.6 bn | 2018 | NGP Energy Carry Funds | CSP IV | $2.5 bn | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CBPF II | RMB 2.0 bn | 2017 | NGP XII | $4.3 bn | 2017 | CSP III | $0.7 bn | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP IV | $3.9 bn | 2014 | NGP XI | $5.3 bn | 2014 | CSP II | $1.4 bn | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP III | $2.6 bn | 2008 | NGP X | $3.6 bn | 2012 | Real Assets Credit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Japan Partners | Other NGP Carry Funds | Infrastructure Credit Carry Fund | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP IV | ¥258.0 bn | 2020 | NGP Minerals | $0.3 bn | 2020 | CICF | $0.1 bn | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP III | ¥119.5 bn | 2013 | NGP GAP | $0.4 bn | 2014 | Energy Credit Carry Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP II | ¥165.6 bn | 2006 | NGP Predecessor Funds | CEMOF II | $2.8 bn | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Global Partners | Various2 | $5.7 bn | 2007-2008 | CEMOF I | $1.4 bn | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP II | $1.8 bn | 2020 | International Energy Carry Funds | Carlyle Aviation Partners | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP I | $3.6 bn | 2015 | CIEP II | $2.3 bn | 2019 | SASOF V | $1.0 bn | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle MENA Partners | CIEP I | $2.5 bn | 2013 | SASOF IV | $1.0 bn | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| MENA I | $0.5 bn | 2008 | Infrastructure Funds | SASOF III | $0.8 bn | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle South American Buyout Fund | CRSEF | $0.7 bn | 2019 | SASOF II | $0.6 bn | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSABF I | $0.8 bn | 2009 | CGIOF | $2.2 bn | 2019 | CALF | $0.6 bn | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Sub-Saharan Africa Fund | CPP II | $1.5 bn | 2014 | Securitization Vehicles4 | $3.1 bn | Various | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSSAF I | $0.7 bn | 2012 | CPOCP | $0.5 bn | 2013 | 9 Other Vehicles4 | $2.7 bn | Various | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Peru Fund | Other Credit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPF I | $0.3 bn | 2012 | CTAC3 | $0.5 bn | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle U.S. Venture/Growth Partners | Fortitude5 | $3.0 bn | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP Growth | $1.1 bn | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF II | $2.4 bn | 2015 | Global Investment Solutions6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF I | $1.1 bn | 2011 | AlpInvest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CVP II | $0.6 bn | 2001 | Fund of Private Equity Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Europe Technology Partners | 112 vehicles | €47.3 bn | 2000-2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP IV | €1.4 bn | 2019 | Secondary Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP III | €0.7 bn | 2014 | 89 vehicles | €25.5 bn | 2002-2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Asia Venture/Growth Partners | Co-Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP Growth II | $0.7 bn | 2021 | 83 vehicles | €20.4 bn | 2002-2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP Growth I | $0.3 bn | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAGP IV | $1.0 bn | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Cardinal Ireland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CCI | €0.3 bn | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: All amounts shown represent total capital commitments as of September 30, 2021 unless otherwise noted. Certain of our recent vintage funds are currently in fundraising and total capital commitments are subject to change. In addition, certain carry funds included herein may be disclosed which are not
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included in fund performance if they have not made an initial capital call or commenced investment activity. The NGP funds are advised by NGP Energy Capital Management, LLC, a separately registered investment adviser, and we do not serve as an investment adviser to those funds.
(1)Global Private Equity also includes funds which we jointly advise with Riverstone Holdings L.L.C. (the “Legacy Energy funds”). The impact of these funds is no longer significant to our results of operations.
(2)Includes NGP M&R, NGP ETP II, and NGP IX, on which we are not entitled to a share of carried interest.
(3)Amounts represent gross assets plus any available capital as of September 30, 2021.
(4)Amounts represent Total AUM as of September 30, 2021.
(5)Includes capital raised from a strategic third-party investor which directly invests in Fortitude Holdings alongside Carlyle FRL.
(6)On April 1, 2021, we completed the sale of our interest in Metropolitan Real Estate.
Trends Affecting our Business
The pace of global growth weakened in the third quarter of 2021 due to the rise of the COVID-19 Delta variant and persistence of global value chain disruptions. The International Monetary Fund modestly reduced its forecast for global growth in 2021 to 5.9%, down from its forecast of 6.0% earlier this year. Our proprietary data suggest that U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) growth slowed as the spread of the Delta variant depressed spending on travel, tourism, and live events. Durable good spending growth moderated due to waning fiscal stimulus. Our preliminary estimates suggest growth in much of the rest of the world also decelerated relative to the second quarter amid renewed COVID safety protocols, lockdowns in Asia, and virus-related disruptions to the global value chain.
Elevated levels of inflation have proven to be more persistent than previously anticipated as health restrictions have slowed the normalization of spending from durable goods to travel, tourism and live events. In the U.S., CPI inflation increased at a 5.4% annual rate in Q3 2021, up from 1.3% a year ago and an average of 1.7% over the prior 10 years. The late-2020 and early 2021 boom in durable goods spending liquidated global manufacturing inventories of finished and intermediate goods and restocking these items has proved difficult due to inadequate capacity, complex and fragile production networks, and a resurgent virus. Low inventory levels leave global value chains with little margin for error, further stressing the system as late deliveries cause downstream producers to scale back production. In addition, global supply constraints and rising energy demand spurred sharp increases in global energy prices and elevated shipping costs, further fueling inflationary pressures around the world in the third quarter.
Labor shortages continue to be observed across our portfolio, as the U.S. labor force participation rate remains approximately 2% below its pre-pandemic peak, leading to a 4.5 million shortfall of eligible workers. Despite slowing demand for labor observed in August and September, the Federal Reserve signaled that it is still on track to begin tapering its purchase of assets by the end of the year with Federal Open Market Committee members divided on whether the first interest rate hike will be in 2022 or 2023.
The Chinese economy slowed in the third quarter of 2021 to year-over-year GDP growth of 4.9%, down from 7.9% in the second quarter of 2021. The slowdown is partially attributable to a sharp decline in real estate development activity and sales, which has contributed to solvency concerns at China Evergrande Group, a large developer of multifamily residential properties. While Carlyle’s current exposure to the real estate sector in China and its constituent businesses is insignificant, these challenges follow closely on the heels of changes to the regulatory treatment of the technology and for-profit education sectors that had previously increased China-specific market volatility. China remains an important component of Carlyle’s investment platform and market adjustments to-date mainly reflect increases in the risk premium investors earn for China exposure rather than deterioration in company-specific fundamentals.
In equity markets, the third quarter began much like the second quarter with major indices reaching record highs in July and August. Markets became volatile in September, however, as “stagflationary” signs emerged: growth slowed even as commodity prices rose and inflation remained elevated. Third quarter corporate earnings are expected to increase 30% from year-ago levels but are expected to be down 5% quarter-over-quarter from strong second quarter 2021 results. In the third quarter, the Dow Jones declined 1.9%, while the S&P 500 and NASDAQ 100 gained by 0.2% and 0.9%, respectively. Globally, over the third quarter of 2021, the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI) and Shanghai Composite declined 1.5% and 0.6% respectively, while the EuroStoxx 600 rose 0.4%.
At the end of the third quarter U.S. Ten Year Treasury note yields rose 45 basis points to 1.58% from mid-third quarter lows of 1.14% as bond markets reacted to more persistent inflation and the looming end of Federal Reserve asset purchases. Despite the increase, the 10-year yield remains roughly 20 basis points below (already historically low) levels that prevailed at the onset of the pandemic. Single B-rated and sub-investment grade U.S corporate spreads rose 19 and 16 basis points, respectively, but remain near all-time lows.
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During the third quarter, our carry fund portfolio extended the strong positive trend experienced since the first quarter of 2020, appreciating 7% in the third quarter and 33% year-to-date. Within our Global Private Equity segment, our corporate private equity funds appreciated 4% in the third quarter driven by strong gains in our U.S. and Europe portfolios, our real estate funds appreciated 9% in the third quarter, continuing their attractive performance, and our natural resources funds appreciated 7%, boosted by the strong commodity prices. In our Global Credit segment, our carry funds (which represent approximately 18% of the total Global Credit remaining fair value) appreciated 3% in the third quarter, reflecting continued positive portfolio company performance. While the publicly traded investments in our Global Private Equity and Global Credit segments depreciated 1% in the third quarter, they have experienced appreciation of 30% year to date. Our Global Investment Solutions funds appreciated 10% in the third quarter, which generally reflects investment fair values on a one-quarter lag in the valuations of our primary and secondary fund of funds.
With continued positive impact from valuations across the portfolio, net accrued performance revenues on our balance sheet remained at a near record high level at $3.9 billion at September 30, 2021 despite the realization of $533.5 million in net performance revenues during the third quarter. The portion of our traditional carry funds attributable to publicly traded companies is 16% of fair value as of September 30, 2021, compared to 15% as of December 31, 2020 and 6% as of December 31, 2019. While our publicly traded investments have performed well to date overall, this shift may result in an increasing correlation to public market performance and a significant concentration of investment gains in individual investments for certain funds. To the extent that there is volatility in public equity markets and/or the prices of our publicly-traded portfolio companies, there may be elevated volatility in our performance revenue accrual in the coming quarters. For example, as of September 30, 2021, approximately 34% of our net accrued performance revenues were generated by Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (“CP VI”), which has nearly 65% of its remaining fair value in publicly-traded portfolio companies.
We reached record levels of realized proceeds, generating $13.9 billion in realized proceeds from our carry funds in the third quarter and $29.0 billion year to date. This contributed to the record realized net performance revenues as well as record realized investment income recognized in the quarter. We believe that the strong underlying performance of many of our portfolio companies and our maturing portfolio position us well to deliver higher levels of both realized proceeds and realized performance revenue over the long term. Additionally, we have announced several exit transactions that we expect will close over the next two quarters, which we anticipate will generate at least $450 million of net realized performance revenues, including Atotech and Pharmaceutical Product Development in CP VI.
During the third quarter, our carry funds invested $6.3 billion in new or follow-on transactions, and we have announced and/or signed more than $6 billion of new or follow-on transactions that are expected to close in the coming quarters. We have deployed capital at a record pace, investing more than $29 billion over the last twelve months, and we anticipate the high level of market activity and opportunities for large buyouts will facilitate strong deployment activity throughout the remainder of 2021 and into 2022, particularly in the healthcare, technology, and consumer sectors.
At our Investor Day in February 2021, we announced our goal of raising at least $130 billion by the end of 2024. Fundraising has been strong during the first three quarters of this year, and we are attracting significant amounts of new capital for some of our large successor funds. We raised $21.7 billion in new capital in the third quarter, with the first closing in our eighth U.S. Buyout fund, the closing of several new CLOs in Global Credit, and continued strength in Global Investment Solutions. We have raised $39.9 billion year to date. Much of this recently raised capital is included in pending Fee-earning AUM for which fees have not yet been activated, the balance of which was $29.8 billion as of September 30, 2021, and we expect much of it to move into Fee-earning AUM in the fourth quarter as we activate fees on this capital.
We are closely evaluating the financial and other proposals put forth by the current Administration and Congress and their potential impacts on our business. While there may be changes to current tax and regulatory regimes, recent fiscal stimulus and proposed infrastructure packages could be followed by longer-term spending increases. The potential for policy changes may create regulatory uncertainty for our portfolio companies and our investment strategies and could adversely affect our profitability and the profitability of our portfolio companies.
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Recent Transactions
Sale of Brazilian Management Entity
On August 31, 2021, we sold 100% of our interest in our local Brazilian management entity and entered into a sub-advisory agreement with the acquiring company, which will provide advisory services with respect to Carlyle’s Brazilian portfolio. We recorded a loss on the sale and related transaction costs of $4.7 million, which are included in other non-operating expenses (income) on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, as well as a foreign currency translation loss of $14.7 million related to amounts previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is primarily included in general, administrative and other expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. We exclude these amounts from our Non-GAAP financial measures, based on our definitions of Distributable Earnings and Fee Related Earnings.
Dividends
In October 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share to common stockholders of record at the close of business on November 9, 2021, payable on November 17, 2021.
Key Financial Measures
Our key financial measures are discussed in the following pages. Additional information regarding these key financial measures and our other significant accounting policies can be found in Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Revenues
Revenues primarily consist of fund management fees, incentive fees, investment income (including performance allocations), realized and unrealized gains of our investments in our funds and other principal investments, as well as interest and other income.
Fund Management Fees. Fund management fees include management fees and transaction and portfolio advisory fees. We earn management fees for advisory services we provide to funds in which we hold a general partner interest or with which we have an investment advisory or investment management agreement. Additionally, management fees include catch-up management fees, which are episodic in nature and represent management fees charged to fund investors in subsequent closings of a fund which apply to the time period between the fee initiation date and the subsequent closing date. Approximately 90% of our fee revenue is in the form of management fees from traditional closed-end, long-dated funds, which are highly predictable and stable, and do not have significant exposure to the underlying fund valuations. Approximately 98% of our Fee-earning AUM is in fund structures with contractual lives of generally ten years, and is not subject to redemption without cause.
Management fees attributable to Carlyle Partners VII, L.P. (“CP VII”), our seventh U.S. buyout fund with $17.5 billion of Fee-earning AUM as of September 30, 2021 were approximately 15% and 16% of fund management fees recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and 17% of fund management fees recognized during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. No other fund generated over 10% of fund management fees in the periods presented.
Fund management fees exclude the reimbursement of any partnership expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the Carlyle funds pursuant to the limited partnership agreements, including amounts related to the pursuit of actual, proposed, or unconsummated investments, professional fees, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, and other fund administrative expenses.
Transaction and Portfolio Advisory Fees. Transaction and portfolio advisory fees generally include fees we receive for the transaction and portfolio advisory services we provide to our portfolio companies. When covered by separate contractual agreements, we recognize transaction and portfolio advisory fees for these services when the performance obligation has been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured. We are required to offset our fund management fees earned by a percentage of the transaction and advisory fees earned, which we refer to as the “rebate offsets.” Historically, such rebate offset percentages generally approximated 80% of the fund’s portion of the transaction and advisory fees earned. However, the percentage of transaction and portfolio advisory fees we share with our investors on our recent vintage funds has generally increased, and as such the rebate offset percentages generally range from 80% to 100% of the fund’s portion of the transaction and advisory fees earned, such that a larger share of the transaction fee revenue we retain is driven by co-investment activity. In addition, Carlyle Global Capital Markets (“GCM”) generates capital markets fees in connection with activities related to the underwriting, issuance and placement of debt and equity securities, and loan syndication for our portfolio companies and third-party clients, which are generally not subject to rebate offsets with respect to our most recent vintages (but are subject to the rebate offsets set forth above for older funds). Underwriting fees include gains, losses and fees arising from securities offerings in which we participate in the underwriter syndicate. The recognition of portfolio advisory fees, transactions fees, and capital markets fees
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can be volatile as they are primarily generated by investment activity within our funds, and therefore are impacted by our investment pace.
Incentive Fees. Incentive fees consist of performance-based incentive arrangements pursuant to management contracts, primarily from certain of our Global Credit funds, when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. In such arrangements, incentive fees are recognized when the performance benchmark has been achieved.
Investment Income. Investment income consists of our performance allocations as well as the realized and unrealized gains and losses resulting from our equity method investments and other principal investments.
Performance allocations consist principally of the performance-based capital allocation from fund limited partners to us, commonly referred to as carried interest, from certain of our investment funds, which we refer to as the “carry funds.” Carried interest revenue is recognized by Carlyle upon appreciation of the valuation of our funds’ investments above certain return hurdles as set forth in each respective partnership agreement and is based on the amount that would be due to us pursuant to the fund partnership agreement at each period end as if the funds were liquidated at such date. Accordingly, the amount of carried interest recognized as performance allocations reflects our share of the fair value gains and losses of the associated funds’ underlying investments measured at their then-current fair values relative to the fair values as of the end of the prior period. As a result, the performance allocations earned in an applicable reporting period are not indicative of any future period, as fair values are based on conditions prevalent as of the reporting date. Refer to “— Trends Affecting our Business” for further discussion.
In addition to the performance allocations from our Global Private Equity funds and closed-end carry funds in the Global Credit segment, we are also entitled to receive performance allocations from our Global Investment Solutions, Carlyle Aviation and NGP Carry Funds. We also retained our interest in the net accrued performance allocations of existing funds at the time of the sale of MRE. The timing of performance allocations realizations for these funds is typically later than in our other carry funds based on the terms of such arrangements.
Our performance allocations are generated by a diverse set of funds with different vintages, geographic concentration, investment strategies and industry specialties. For an explanation of the fund acronyms used throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section, refer to “— Our Family of Funds.”
Performance allocations in excess of 10% of the total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were generated from the following funds:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | $ | 109.9 | CP VI | $ | 118.4 | CP VI | $ | 1,177.7 | CP VI | $ | 686.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VIII | 105.9 | CAP IV | 99.5 | CEP IV | 538.2 | CAP IV | 290.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CIEP | (160.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No other fund generated over 10% of performance allocations in the periods presented above. Performance allocations from CP VI during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were driven by appreciation across the portfolio, with notable increases in the values of the publicly traded investments in the portfolio and private investments with pending sale transactions.
Under our arrangements with the historical owners and management team of AlpInvest, we generally do not retain any carried interest in respect of the historical investments and commitments to our fund vehicles that existed as of July 1, 2011 (including any options to increase any such commitments exercised after such date). We are entitled to 15% of the carried interest in respect of commitments from the historical owners of AlpInvest for the period between 2011 and 2020, except in certain instances, and 40% of the carried interest in respect of all other commitments (including all future commitments from third parties). In certain instances, carried interest associated with the AlpInvest fund vehicles is subject to entity level income taxes in the Netherlands.
Realized carried interest may be clawed back or given back to the fund if the fund’s investment values decline below certain return hurdles, which vary from fund to fund. When the fair value of a fund’s investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance allocations are reversed. In all cases, each investment fund is considered separately in evaluating carried interest and potential giveback obligations. For any given period, performance allocations revenue on our statement of operations may include reversals of previously recognized performance allocations due to a decrease in the value of a particular fund that results in a decrease of cumulative performance allocations earned to date.
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Since fund return hurdles are cumulative, previously recognized performance allocations also may be reversed in a period of appreciation that is lower than the particular fund’s hurdle rate. Additionally, unrealized performance allocations reverse when performance allocations are realized, and unrealized performance allocations can be negative if the amount of realized performance allocations exceed total performance allocations generated in the period. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the reversals of performance allocations were $73.4 million and $30.1 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the reversals of performance allocations were $23.3 million and $487.7 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2021, accrued performance allocations and accrued giveback obligations were $8.1 billion and $24.7 million, respectively. Each balance assumes a hypothetical liquidation of the funds’ investments at September 30, 2021 at their then current fair values. These assets and liabilities will continue to fluctuate in accordance with the fair values of the funds’ investments until they are realized. As of September 30, 2021, $11.6 million of the accrued giveback obligation is the responsibility of various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and the net accrued giveback obligation attributable to the Company is $13.1 million. The Company uses “net accrued performance revenues” to refer to the aggregation of the accrued performance allocations and incentive fees net of (i) accrued giveback obligations, (ii) accrued performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation, (iii) performance allocations and incentive fee-related tax obligations, and (iv) accrued performance allocations and incentive fees attributable to non-controlling interests and excludes any net accrued performance allocations and incentive fees that have been realized but will be collected in subsequent periods. Net accrued performance revenues as of September 30, 2021 are $3.9 billion.
In addition, realized performance allocations may be reversed in future periods to the extent that such amounts become subject to a giveback obligation. If, at September 30, 2021, all investments held by our carry funds were deemed worthless, the amount of realized and previously distributed performance allocations subject to potential giveback would be approximately $1.0 billion on an after-tax basis where applicable, of which approximately $0.5 billion would be the responsibility of current and former senior Carlyle professionals. See the related discussion of “Contingent Obligations (Giveback)” within “— Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
The following table summarizes the total amount of aggregate giveback obligations that we have realized since Carlyle’s inception. Given various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other former limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships are responsible for paying the majority of the realized giveback obligation, the table below also summarizes the amount that was attributable to the Company:
| Inception through September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||
| Total Giveback | Giveback Attributable to Carlyle | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Various Legacy Energy Funds | $ | 158.0 | $ | 55.0 | |||||||
| All other Carlyle Funds | 58.1 | 0.6 | |||||||||
| Aggregate Giveback since Inception | $ | 216.1 | $ | 55.6 | |||||||
The funding for employee obligations and givebacks related to carry realized pre-IPO is primarily through a collection of employee receivables related to giveback obligations and from non-controlling interests for their portion of the obligation. The realization of giveback obligations for the Company’s portion of such obligations reduces Distributable Earnings in the period realized and negatively impacts earnings available for distributions to unitholders in the period realized. Further, each individual recipient of realized carried interest typically signs a guarantee agreement or partnership agreement that personally obligates such person to return his/her pro rata share of any amounts of realized carried interest previously distributed that are later clawed back. Accordingly, carried interest as performance allocation compensation is subject to return to the Company in the event a giveback obligation is funded. Generally, the actual giveback liability, if any, does not become due until the end of a fund’s life.
Each investment fund is considered separately in evaluating carried interest and potential giveback obligations. As a result, performance allocations within funds will continue to fluctuate primarily due to certain investments within each fund constituting a material portion of the carry in that fund. Additionally, the fair value of investments in our funds may have substantial fluctuations from period to period.
In addition, in our discussion of our non-GAAP results, we use the term “realized net performance revenues” to refer to realized performance allocations and incentive fees from our funds, net of the portion allocated to our investment professionals, if any, and certain tax expenses associated with carried interest attributable to certain partners and employees, which are reflected as realized performance allocations and incentive fees related compensation expense. See “— Non-GAAP Financial
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Measures” for the amount of realized net performance revenues recognized each period. See “— Segment Analysis” for the realized net performance revenues by segment and related discussion for each period.
Investment income also represents the realized and unrealized gains and losses on our principal investments, including our investments in Carlyle funds that are not consolidated, as well as any interest and other income. Investment income also includes the related amortization of the basis difference between the carrying value of our investment and our share of the underlying net assets of the investee, as well as the compensation expense associated with compensatory arrangements provided by us to employees of our equity method investee, as it relates to our investments in NGP. Principal investment income also included our proportionate share of U.S. GAAP earnings from our strategic investment in Fortitude Holdings prior to the contribution of our investment to a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund (see Note 4). Realized principal investment income (loss) is recorded when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive or are due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. A realized principal investment loss is also recorded when an investment is deemed to be worthless. Unrealized principal investment income (loss) results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment, as well as the reversal of previously recognized unrealized gains (losses) at the time an investment is realized.
Fair Value Measurement. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which ranks the observability of market price inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
The table below summarizes the valuation of investments and other financial instruments included within our AUM, by segment and fair value hierarchy levels, as of September 30, 2021:
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | Global Credit | Global Investment Solutions | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level I | $ | 12,197 | $ | 260 | $ | 1,856 | $ | 14,313 | |||||||||||||||
| Level II | 4,960 | 1,315 | 237 | 6,512 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Level III | 89,532 | 54,036 | 39,809 | 183,377 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Investments | 106,689 | 55,611 | 41,902 | 204,202 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Available Capital | 54,464 | 10,727 | 23,684 | 88,875 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total AUM | $ | 161,153 | $ | 66,338 | $ | 65,586 | $ | 293,077 | |||||||||||||||
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds primarily represents the interest earned on CLO assets. However, the Consolidated Funds are not the same entities in all periods presented. The Consolidated Funds in future periods may change due to changes in fund terms, formation of new funds, and terminations of funds.
Net Investment Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Funds. Net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds measures the change in the difference in fair value between the assets and the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds. A gain (loss) indicates that the fair value of the assets of the Consolidated Funds appreciated more (less), or depreciated less (more), than the fair value of the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds. A gain or loss is not necessarily indicative of the investment performance of the Consolidated Funds and does not impact the management or incentive fees received by Carlyle for its management of the Consolidated Funds. The portion of the net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds attributable to the limited partner investors is allocated to non-controlling interests. Therefore a gain or loss is not expected to have a material impact on the revenues or profitability of the Company. Moreover, although the assets of the Consolidated Funds are consolidated onto our balance sheet pursuant to U.S. GAAP, ultimately we do not have recourse to such assets and such liabilities are generally non-recourse to us. Therefore, a gain or loss from the Consolidated Funds generally does not impact the assets available to our equity holders.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation includes salaries, bonuses, equity-based compensation, and performance payment arrangements. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
We recognize as compensation expense the portion of performance allocations and incentive fees that are due to our employees, senior Carlyle professionals, advisors, and operating executives in a manner consistent with how we recognize the
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performance allocations and incentive fee revenue. These amounts are accounted for as compensation expense in conjunction with the related performance allocations and incentive fee revenue and, until paid, are recognized as a component of the accrued compensation and benefits liability. Compensation in respect of performance allocations and incentive fees is paid when the related performance allocations and incentive fees are realized, and not when such performance allocations and incentive fees are accrued. The funds do not have a uniform allocation of performance allocations and incentive fees to our employees, senior Carlyle professionals, advisors, and operating executives. Therefore, for any given period, the ratio of performance allocations and incentive fee compensation to performance allocations and incentive fee revenue may vary based on the funds generating the performance allocations and incentive fee revenue for that period and their particular allocation percentages.
In addition, we have implemented various equity-based compensation arrangements that require senior Carlyle professionals and other employees to vest ownership of a portion of their equity interests over a service period of generally one to four years, which under U.S. GAAP will result in compensation charges over current and future periods. During 2019 and 2020, we granted fewer equity awards than we had previously. For example, in 2018, 2019 and 2020, we granted approximately 13.3 million, 6.7 million and 3.7 million of restricted stock units and other awards, respectively. In 2021, we granted 7.0 million long-term strategic restricted stock units to certain senior professionals, the majority of which are subject to vesting based on the achievement of annual performance targets over four years, with a larger proportion of the awards vesting based on the 2024 performance year. As a result, the number of restricted stock units granted in 2021 is higher than in 2020, which, combined with a higher share price than in prior periods, will result in higher equity-based compensation expense in the coming years. Compensation charges associated with all equity-based compensation grants are excluded from Fee Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings.
We may hire additional individuals and overall compensation levels may correspondingly increase, which could result in an increase in compensation and benefits expense. As a result of acquisitions, we have charges associated with contingent consideration taking the form of earn-outs and profit participation, some of which are reflected as compensation expense.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses include occupancy and equipment expenses and other expenses, which consist principally of professional fees, including those related to our global regulatory compliance program, external costs of fundraising, travel and related expenses, communications and information services, depreciation and amortization (including intangible asset amortization and impairment) and foreign currency transactions. We expect that general, administrative and other expenses will vary due to infrequently occurring or unusual items, such as impairment of intangible assets and expenses or insurance recoveries associated with litigation and contingencies. Also, in periods of significant fundraising, to the extent that we use third parties to assist in our fundraising efforts, our general, administrative and other expenses may increase accordingly. Additionally, we anticipate that general, administrative and other expenses will fluctuate from period to period due to the impact of foreign exchange transactions.
Interest and Other Expenses of Consolidated Funds. The interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds consist primarily of interest expenses related primarily to our CLO loans, professional fees and other third-party expenses.
Income Taxes. Following the Conversion on January 1, 2020, all of the income before provision for income taxes attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes. Prior to the Conversion, the Company was generally organized as a series of pass through entities pursuant to the United States Internal Revenue Code. As such, the Company was not responsible for the tax liability due on certain income earned during the year. Such income was taxed at the unitholder and non-controlling interest holder level, and any income tax was the responsibility of the unitholders and is paid at that level. See Note 9 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the impact of the Conversion.
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method of accounting. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period in which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The interim provision for income taxes is calculated using the discrete effective tax rate method as allowed by ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year to date period as if it was the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis.
In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. With a few exceptions, as of September 30, 2021, our U.S. federal income tax returns for tax years 2017 through 2020 are open under the normal three-year statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. State and local tax returns are generally subject to audit for tax years 2015 to 2020. Foreign tax returns are generally subject to audit for tax years 2011 to 2020. Certain of our affiliates are currently under audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We do not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities. Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities represent the component of equity in consolidated entities not held by us. These interests are adjusted for general partner allocations.
Earnings Per Common Share. We compute earnings per common share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the common shares of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities. We apply the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted-average common shares represented by unvested restricted stock units.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings, or “DE”, is a key performance benchmark used in our industry and is evaluated regularly by management in making resource deployment and compensation decisions, and in assessing the performance of our three segments. We also use DE in our budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of our segments. We believe that reporting DE is helpful to understanding our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance. DE is intended to show the amount of net realized earnings without the effects of consolidation of the Consolidated Funds. DE is derived from our segment reported results and is an additional measure to assess performance and determine amounts potentially available for distribution to the Company’s common stockholders.
Distributable Earnings differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues (comprised of performance allocations and incentive fees), and does not include unrealized performance allocations and related compensation expense, unrealized principal investment income, equity-based compensation expense, net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interest in consolidated entities, or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges (credits) associated with acquisitions, dispositions, or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate conversion costs, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions and dispositions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent consideration issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, impairment charges associated with lease right-of-use assets, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance. We believe the inclusion or exclusion of these items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed further under “Consolidated Results of Operations” prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Fee Related Earnings. Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE”, is a component of DE and is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of DE and also adjusts DE to exclude net realized performance revenues, realized principal investment income from investments in Carlyle funds, net interest (interest income less interest expense), and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the asset management industry.
Fee-earning Assets under Management. Fee-earning assets under management or Fee-earning AUM refers to the assets we manage or advise from which we derive recurring fund management fees. Our Fee-earning AUM is generally based on one of the following, once fees have been activated:
(a)the amount of limited partner capital commitments, generally for carry funds where the original investment period has not expired, for AlpInvest carry funds during the commitment fee period (see “Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period);
(b)the remaining amount of limited partner invested capital at cost, generally for carry funds and certain co-investment vehicles where the original investment period has expired and one of our business development companies (see “Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period);
(c)the amount of aggregate fee-earning collateral balance of our CLOs and other securitization vehicles, as defined in the fund indentures (typically exclusive of equities and defaulted positions) as of the quarterly cut-off date;
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(d)the external investor portion of the net asset value of our open-ended funds (pre redemptions and subscriptions), as well as certain carry funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period);
(e)the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), excluding cash and cash equivalents, of one of our business development companies and certain carry funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); and
(f)the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital, generally for AlpInvest carry funds where the commitment fee period has expired and certain carry funds where the investment period has expired, (see “Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period).
The table below details Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments (1) | $ | 76,794 | $ | 74,761 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 41,581 | 38,378 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par (3) | 29,191 | 26,326 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value (4) | 8,990 | 7,341 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other (5) | 19,819 | 19,764 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period (6) (7) | $ | 176,375 | $ | 166,570 | |||||||
(1)Reflects limited partner capital commitments where the original investment period, weighted-average investment period, or commitment fee period has not expired.
(2)Reflects limited partner invested capital at cost and includes amounts committed to or reserved for investments for certain Global Private Equity and Global Investment Solutions funds.
(3)Represents the amount of aggregate Fee-earning collateral balances and principal balances, at par, for our CLOs/structured products.
(4)Reflects the net asset value of certain other carry funds.
(5)Includes funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(6)Energy III, Energy IV, and Renew II (collectively, the “Legacy Energy Funds”), are managed with Riverstone Holdings LLC and its affiliates. Affiliates of both Carlyle and Riverstone act as investment advisors to each of the Legacy Energy Funds. Carlyle has a minority representation on the management committees of Energy IV and Renew II. Carlyle and Riverstone each hold half of the seats on the management committee of Energy III, but the investment period for this fund has expired and the remaining investments in such fund are being disposed of in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2021, the Legacy Energy Funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $0.3 billion in AUM and $0.4 billion in Fee-earning AUM. We are no longer raising capital for the Legacy Energy Funds and expect these balances to continue to decrease over time as the funds wind down.
(7)Ending balances as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 exclude $29.8 billion and $9.9 billion, respectively, of pending Fee-earning AUM for which fees have not yet been activated.
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The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 174,856 | $ | 162,389 | $ | 170,102 | $ | 161,057 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 6,388 | 4,139 | 20,439 | 16,707 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (4,418) | (2,049) | (13,763) | (12,570) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 454 | 214 | 2,040 | (954) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (905) | 1,877 | (2,443) | 2,330 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 176,375 | $ | 166,570 | $ | 176,375 | $ | 166,570 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital, the fee-earning collateral balance of new CLO issuances, as well as gross subscriptions in our vehicles for which management fees are based on net asset value. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees, gross redemptions in our open-end funds, and runoff of CLO collateral balances. Distributions for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM. Outflows during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also reflect the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021, which had $2.3 billion of Fee-earning AUM as of March 31, 2021.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value, as well as activity of funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Fee-earning AUM for each of the periods presented by segment.
Assets under Management. Assets under management or AUM refers to the assets we manage or advise. Our AUM generally equals the sum of the following:
(a) the aggregate fair value of our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles (including Carlyle commitments to those funds and vehicles and those of senior Carlyle professionals and employees) pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those funds and vehicles;
(b) the amount of aggregate collateral balance and principal cash or aggregate principal amount of the notes of our CLOs and other structured products (inclusive of all positions);
(c) the net asset value of certain carry funds; and
(d) the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage) of our business development companies, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those vehicles pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those vehicles.
We include in our calculation of AUM and Fee-earning AUM certain energy and renewable resources funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone, the NGP Energy Funds that are advised by NGP, as well as capital raised from a strategic third-party investor which directly invests in Fortitude Holdings alongside a carry fund.
For most of our carry funds, total AUM includes the fair value of the capital invested, whereas Fee-earning AUM includes the amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital, depending on whether the original investment period for the fund has expired. As such, Fee-earning AUM may be greater than total AUM when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
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Our calculations of Fee-earning AUM and AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. In addition, our calculation of AUM (but not Fee-earning AUM) includes uncalled commitments to, and the fair value of invested capital in, our investment funds from Carlyle and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to management fees or performance allocations. Our calculations of AUM or Fee-earning AUM are not based on any definition of AUM or Fee-earning AUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage or advise.
We generally use Fee-earning AUM as a metric to measure changes in the assets from which we earn recurring management fees. Total AUM tends to be a better measure of our investment and fundraising performance as it reflects investments at fair value plus available capital.
Available Capital. “Available Capital” refers to the amount of capital commitments available to be called for investments, which may be reduced for equity invested that is funded via a fund credit facility and expected to be called from investors at a later date, plus any additional assets/liabilities at the fund level other than active investments. Amounts previously called may be added back to available capital following certain distributions. “Expired Available Capital” occurs when a fund has passed the investment and follow-on periods and can no longer invest capital into new or existing deals. Any remaining Available Capital, typically a result of either recycled distributions or specific reserves established for the follow-on period that are not drawn, can only be called for fees and expenses and is therefore removed from the Total AUM calculation.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 275,877 | $ | 245,769 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 21,547 | 39,785 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (14,103) | (32,754) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 11,667 | 44,659 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (1,911) | (4,382) | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 293,077 | $ | 293,077 | |||||||
(1)Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2)Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, separately managed accounts and the NGP Predecessor Funds, gross redemptions in our open-end funds, runoff of CLO collateral balances and the expiration of available capital. Outflows during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also reflect the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021, which had $2.4 billion of Total AUM as of March 31, 2021.
(3)Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, the NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, as well as the net impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, change in gross asset value for our business development companies and other changes in AUM.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Please refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Total AUM for each of the periods presented.
Portfolio Appreciation (Depreciation). The overall portfolio appreciation of 7% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is comprised of 4% appreciation for carry funds within our Global Private Equity segment focusing on corporate private equity, 9% for funds focusing on real estate, and 7% for funds focusing on natural resources; 3% appreciation for carry funds in the Global Credit segment; and 10% appreciation for carry funds in the Global Investment Solutions segment. Overall portfolio appreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 of 33% is comprised of 34% appreciation for carry funds within our Global Private Equity segment focusing on corporate private equity, 26% for funds focusing on real estate, and 25% for funds focusing on natural resources; 21% appreciation for carry funds in the Global Credit segment; and 39% appreciation for carry funds in the Global Investment Solutions segment. While the publicly traded investments in our Global Private Equity and Global Credit segments depreciated 1% in the third quarter, they have experienced appreciation of 30% year to date.
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While there is no perfectly comparable market index benchmark for the overall portfolio or any of its segments or strategies, we would note that S&P 500 and MSCI ACWI appreciation for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were 0.2% and (1.5)%, respectively, while the FTSE NAREIT Composite appreciation was (0.7)%, the S&P Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Index was 4.8%, and the S&P Leveraged Loan Index appreciation was 0.2%. S&P 500 and MSCI ACWI appreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were 14.7% and 9.8%, respectively, while the FTSE NAREIT Composite appreciation was 18.6%, the S&P Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Index was 66.4%, and the S&P Leveraged Loan Index appreciation was 1.7%.
Consolidation of Certain Carlyle Funds
The Company consolidates all entities that it controls either through a majority voting interest or as the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities. The entities we consolidate are referred to collectively as the Consolidated Funds in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2021, our Consolidated Funds represent approximately 2% of our AUM; 2% of our management fees for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021; and less than 1% of our total investment income or loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
We are not required under the consolidation guidance to consolidate in our financial statements most of the investment funds we advise. However, we consolidate certain CLOs that we advise. As of September 30, 2021, our consolidated CLOs held approximately $6.7 billion of total assets and comprised substantially all of the assets and loans payable of the Consolidated Funds. The assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are non-recourse to us.
Generally, the consolidation of the Consolidated Funds has a gross-up effect on our assets, liabilities and cash flows but has no net effect on the net income attributable to the Company and equity. The majority of the net economic ownership interests of the Consolidated Funds are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated entities in the consolidated financial statements. Because only a small portion of our funds are consolidated, the performance of the Consolidated Funds is not necessarily consistent with or representative of the combined performance trends of all of our funds.
For further information on our consolidation policy and the consolidation of certain funds, see Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table and discussion sets forth information regarding our unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on substantially the same basis for all historical periods presented; however, the consolidated funds are not the same entities in all periods shown due to changes in U.S. GAAP, changes in fund terms and the creation and termination of funds. As further described above, the consolidation of these funds primarily has the impact of increasing interest and other income of Consolidated Funds, interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds, and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds in the year that the fund is initially consolidated. The consolidation of these funds had no effect on net income attributable to the Company for the periods presented.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except share and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 407.5 | $ | 363.8 | $ | 1,182.9 | $ | 1,091.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | 13.1 | 9.1 | 33.0 | 27.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | 974.5 | 477.4 | 4,841.3 | 731.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | 160.4 | 106.7 | 477.2 | (659.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income (loss) | 1,134.9 | 584.1 | 5,318.5 | 72.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | 21.9 | 21.3 | 63.3 | 64.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 62.1 | 56.3 | 185.3 | 164.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,639.5 | 1,034.6 | 6,783.0 | 1,419.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 224.9 | 222.2 | 685.2 | 639.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 42.4 | 18.7 | 122.0 | 78.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | 495.2 | 250.6 | 2,355.8 | 343.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 762.5 | 491.5 | 3,163.0 | 1,061.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | 99.6 | 91.1 | 300.4 | 240.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | 27.9 | 23.0 | 76.4 | 72.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 44.6 | 37.2 | 133.5 | 122.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | 3.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 938.1 | 643.4 | 3,674.3 | 1,498.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (losses) of Consolidated Funds | (0.1) | 23.9 | 9.6 | (38.9) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) before provision for income taxes | 701.3 | 415.1 | 3,118.3 | (117.1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 153.9 | 82.4 | 733.5 | 54.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 547.4 | 332.7 | 2,384.8 | (171.8) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 14.6 | 37.2 | 57.7 | (1.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders | $ | 532.8 | $ | 295.5 | $ | 2,327.1 | $ | (170.6) | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. per common share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.50 | $ | 0.84 | $ | 6.56 | $ | (0.49) | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.46 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 6.42 | $ | (0.49) | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 355,954,734 | 351,567,631 | 354,903,371 | 349,468,329 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 364,740,675 | 358,405,845 | 362,471,998 | 349,468,329 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Revenues
Total revenues increased $604.9 million, or 58.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $5.4 billion, or 377.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Total Revenues, September 30, 2020 | $ | 1,034.6 | $ | 1,419.9 | |||||||
| Increases (Decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fund management fees | 43.7 | 91.4 | |||||||||
| Increase in incentive fees | 4.0 | 6.0 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income, including performance allocations | 550.8 | 5,246.1 | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in interest and other income | 0.6 | (1.2) | |||||||||
| Increase in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 5.8 | 20.8 | |||||||||
| Total increase | 604.9 | 5,363.1 | |||||||||
| Total Revenues, September 30, 2021 | $ | 1,639.5 | $ | 6,783.0 | |||||||
Fund Management Fees. Fund management fees increased $43.7 million, or 12.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $91.4 million, or 8.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Higher management fees from the commencement of the investment period for certain newly raised funds | $ | 44.1 | $ | 129.1 | |||||||
| Lower management fees resulting from the change in basis for earning management fees from commitments to invested capital for certain funds and from distributions from funds whose management fees are based on invested capital | (8.4) | (61.9) | |||||||||
| Decrease in catch-up management fees from subsequent closes of funds that are in the fundraising period | (3.0) | (5.3) | |||||||||
| Recognition of previously deferred CLO subordinated fees (after the effect of consolidation) in 2020 | (7.0) | — | |||||||||
| Higher transaction and portfolio advisory fees | 18.0 | 28.8 | |||||||||
| All other changes | — | 0.7 | |||||||||
| Total increase in fund management fees | $ | 43.7 | $ | 91.4 | |||||||
Fund management fees include transaction and portfolio advisory fees, net of rebate offsets, of $21.9 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $54.3 million and $25.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase was primarily driven by higher underwriting and placement fees generated by Carlyle Global Capital Markets.
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Investment Income. Investment income increased $550.8 million to $1.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $5.2 billion to $5.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Increase in performance allocations, excluding NGP | $ | 497.1 | $ | 4,109.7 | |||||||
| Increase in investment income from NGP, which includes performance allocations from the investments in NGP | 5.9 | 33.3 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our corporate private equity funds | 5.6 | 143.8 | |||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in losses on foreign currency hedges | (2.6) | 7.3 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our real estate funds | 9.7 | 14.6 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our natural resources funds, excluding NGP | 3.6 | 17.6 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our Global Credit carry funds | 1.5 | 14.2 | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in investment income from our direct lending funds and interval funds | (5.4) | 13.0 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from Carlyle Aviation | 0.6 | 1.8 | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in investment income from our CLOs | (18.9) | 32.1 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from Fortitude Re | 13.7 | 805.2 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from Alpinvest | 6.2 | 21.6 | |||||||||
All other changes(1) | 33.8 | 31.9 | |||||||||
| Total increase in investment income | $ | 550.8 | $ | 5,246.1 | |||||||
(1) Includes investment income of $31.5 million associated with the remeasurement of a corporate investment, which is carried at cost, resulting from an observable price change pursuant to ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities.
Prior to the Control Transaction which closed on June 2, 2020, as described in Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we accounted for our investment in Fortitude Re under the equity method of accounting by recognizing our pro rata share of Fortitude Holdings’ U.S. GAAP earnings, which is included in principal investment income (loss) in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. These amounts were inclusive of unrealized gains (losses) resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements. Modified coinsurance is subject to the general accounting principles for hedging, specifically the guidance originally issued as Derivatives Implementation Group Issue No. B36: Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Agreements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments (“DIG B36”). At the time we contributed our existing 19.9% interest in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund, we began accounting for our investment under the equity method based on our net asset value in the fund, which resulted in a loss in principal investment income (loss) of $620.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, our investment in Carlyle FRL was $655.7 million, relative to our cost of $465.3 million.
We recorded a decrease in the investment income from CLOs during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and an increase in the investment income from CLOs during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 relative to the comparable periods in 2020. The fair value of the CLO investments held by the firm (before the effects of consolidation) decreased 2% during the quarter, with our investments in subordinated notes appreciating 1% during the three months ended September 30, 2021, while our investments in the senior notes depreciated 4% quarter over quarter. The fair value of the CLO investments held by the firm (before the effects of consolidation) decreased 1% year-to-date, with our investments in subordinated notes appreciating 6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, while our investments in the senior notes depreciated 6% year-to-date.
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Performance Allocations. Performance allocations increased $497.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $4.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Performance allocations by segment on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 comprised the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | 777.8 | $ | 336.6 | $ | 4,142.5 | $ | 726.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | 27.4 | 16.3 | 124.6 | (24.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
Global Investment Solutions (1) | 169.3 | 124.5 | 574.2 | 29.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total performance allocations | $ | 974.5 | $ | 477.4 | $ | 4,841.3 | $ | 731.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Total carry fund appreciation (depreciation) | 7 | % | 5 | % | 33 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||
(1) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
Refer to “— Key Financial Measures” for a listing of the funds with performance allocations in excess of 10% of the total for the periods presented.
The pace of global growth weakened in the third quarter with the rise of the COVID-19 Delta variant and the persistence of global supply chain disruptions. The International Monetary Fund modestly reduced its forecast for global growth to 5.9% in 2021, down from 6.0% earlier this year. In the equity markets, major indices reached record highs in July and August, but became volatile in September as “stagflationary” signs emerged. However, despite the deceleration in global growth and increase in market volatility, our carry fund portfolio extended the positive trend experienced since the first quarter of 2020. Within our Global Private Equity segment, our corporate private equity funds appreciated by 4% in the quarter, driven by strong gains in our U.S. and Europe buyout portfolio, our real estate funds appreciated by 9% in the quarter, continuing their attractive performance, and our natural resources funds appreciated by 7% in the quarter, boosted by strong commodity prices on our energy-focused investments. In our Global Credit segment, our carry funds, which represent approximately 18% of the total Global Credit remaining fair value, appreciated by 3% in the second quarter, reflecting continued positive portfolio company performance. While the publicly traded investments in our Global Private Equity and Global Credit segments depreciated 1% in the third quarter, they have experienced appreciation of 30% year to date. Our Global Investment Solutions funds appreciated by 10% in the third quarter, though our primary and secondary fund of funds generally reflect investment fair values on a one-quarter lag. The portion of our traditional carry funds attributable to publicly traded companies is 16% of fair value as of September 30, 2021, compared to 15% as of December 31, 2020 and 6% as of December 31, 2019. While our publicly traded investments have performed well to date overall, this shift may result in an increasing correlation to public market performance and a significant concentration of investment gains in individual investments for certain funds. To the extent that there is volatility in public equity markets and/or the prices of our publicly-traded portfolio companies, there may be elevated volatility in our performance revenue accrual in the coming quarters. For example, as of September 30, 2021, approximately 34% of our net accrued performance revenues were generated by Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (“CP VI”), which has nearly 65% of its remaining fair value in publicly-traded portfolio companies.
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds increased $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $20.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Substantially all of the increase in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds relates to increased interest income from CLOs.
Our CLOs generate interest income primarily from investments in bonds and loans inclusive of amortization of discounts and generate other income from consent and amendment fees. Substantially all interest and other income of the CLOs and other consolidated funds together with interest expense of our CLOs and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds is attributable to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors. Accordingly, such amounts have no material impact on net income attributable to the Company.
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Expenses
Total expenses increased $294.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $2.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in total expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Total Expenses, September 30, 2020 | $ | 643.4 | $ | 1,498.1 | |||||||
| Increases (Decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in total compensation and benefits | 271.0 | 2,102.0 | |||||||||
| Increase in general, administrative and other expenses | 8.5 | 59.5 | |||||||||
| Increase in interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 7.4 | 11.4 | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in other non-operating expense | 2.9 | (0.3) | |||||||||
| All other changes | 4.9 | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Total increase | 294.7 | 2,176.2 | |||||||||
| Total Expenses, September 30, 2021 | $ | 938.1 | $ | 3,674.3 | |||||||
Total Compensation and Benefits. Total compensation and benefits increased $271.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $2.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | $ | 2.7 | $ | 46.2 | |||||||
| Increase in equity-based compensation | 23.7 | 43.7 | |||||||||
| Increase in performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | 244.6 | 2,012.1 | |||||||||
| Increase in total compensation and benefits | $ | 271.0 | $ | 2,102.0 | |||||||
Cash-based Compensation and Benefits. Cash-based compensation and benefits increased $2.7 million, or 1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $46.2 million, or 7.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Increase in headcount and bonuses | $ | 12.5 | $ | 38.0 | |||||||
Contingent earnout associated with Carlyle Aviation Partners acquisition(1) | (9.8) | 8.2 | |||||||||
| Total increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | $ | 2.7 | $ | 46.2 | |||||||
(1) The Carlyle Aviation Partners acquisition included an earn-out of up to $150.0 million, under which we have paid $49.9 million through September 30, 2021. For additional information, refer to “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Contingent Cash Payments For Business Acquisitions and Strategic Investments.”
Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation, net of forfeitures, increased $23.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $43.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to a larger number
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of unvested restricted stock units with a higher weighted average grant date fair value. The three months ended September 30, 2020 also reflect a forfeiture credit of $7.2 million related to the retirement of one of our co-chief executive officers. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we granted 7.0 million long-term strategic restricted stock units to certain senior professionals, the majority of which are subject to vesting based on the achievement of annual performance targets over four years, with a larger proportion of the awards vesting based on the 2024 performance year. As a result, the number of restricted stock units granted in 2021 is higher than in 2020, which, combined with a higher share price than in prior periods, will result in higher equity-based compensation expense in the coming years.
Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation expense. Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation expense increased $244.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $2.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation as a percentage of performance allocations and incentive fees was 51% and 49% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and 52% and 47% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation as a percentage of performance allocations and incentive fees fluctuates depending on the mix of funds contributing to performance allocations and incentive fees in a given period. For our largest segment, Global Private Equity, our performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation expense as a percentage of performance allocations and incentive fees is generally around 45%. Performance allocations from our Global Investment Solutions segment pay a higher ratio of performance allocations and incentive fees as compensation, primarily as a result of the terms of our acquisition of AlpInvest. Conversely, performance allocations from the Legacy Energy funds in our Global Private Equity segment are primarily allocated to Carlyle because the investment teams for the Legacy Energy funds are employed by Riverstone and not Carlyle.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses increased $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $59.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
CCC litigation cost recovery in 2020 (1) | $ | — | $ | 29.9 | |||||||
| Right-of-use asset impairment | — | 26.8 | |||||||||
| Lower intangible asset amortization | (1.9) | (2.5) | |||||||||
| Higher depreciation and amortization | 2.6 | 4.0 | |||||||||
| Lower professional fees, including corporate conversion costs | (3.4) | (19.6) | |||||||||
| Higher (lower) travel and conference expenses | 2.1 | (8.5) | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange adjustments | 7.4 | 30.8 | |||||||||
| Other changes | 1.7 | (1.4) | |||||||||
| Total increase in general, administrative and other expenses | $ | 8.5 | $ | 59.5 | |||||||
(1) General, administrative and other expenses included the positive impact of a $29.9 million recovery of litigation costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In connection with the April 1, 2021 sale of MRE, we entered into a sublease of certain office space in New York which resulted in a $26.8 million right-of-use asset impairment charge during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We expect general, administrative and other costs to benefit from lower rent expense and leasehold improvement amortization in future years as a result of the sublease.
Foreign exchange adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 include a loss of $14.7 million related to the sale of our local Brazilian management entity related to amounts previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, as well as revaluation adjustments on our European CLO investments. Foreign exchange adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are primarily driven by the revaluation on our European CLO investments.
Interest and Other Expenses of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds increased $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and
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increased $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to higher interest expense on the consolidated CLOs.
The CLOs incur interest expense on their loans payable and incur other expenses consisting of trustee fees, rating agency fees and professional fees. Substantially all interest and other income of our CLOs together with interest expense of our CLOs and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds is attributable to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors. Accordingly, such amounts have no material impact on net income attributable to the Company.
Other Non-operating Expenses (Income). Other non-operating expenses (income) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes a loss on the sale of our local Brazilian management entity and related transaction costs of $3.4 million and $4.7 million, respectively. Other non-operating expenses (income) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also includes a $5.0 million gain on the sale of our interest in MRE.
Net Investment Income (Loss) of Consolidated Funds. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net investment losses of Consolidated Funds were $0.1 million as compared to net investment income of $23.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. For nine months ended September 30, 2021, net investment income of Consolidated Funds were $9.6 million as compared to net investment losses of $38.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, net investment income (loss) comprise the activity of the consolidated CLOs and certain other funds. For the consolidated CLOs, the amount reflects the net gain or loss on the fair value adjustment of both the assets and liabilities. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 include significant losses on the CLO assets and gains on the CLO liabilities resulting from the rapid decline in asset prices and widening of credit spreads in the first quarter of 2020, which saw marked improvement over the second and third quarters of 2020. The components of net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds for the respective periods are:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains (losses) | $ | (10.7) | $ | (9.6) | $ | 6.5 | $ | (49.9) | |||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains (losses) | 8.2 | 172.7 | 93.8 | (169.3) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total gains (losses) | (2.5) | 163.1 | 100.3 | (219.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) from liabilities of CLOs | 2.4 | (139.2) | (90.7) | 180.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds | $ | (0.1) | $ | 23.9 | $ | 9.6 | $ | (38.9) | |||||||||||||||
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Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes. The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes was $153.9 million and $82.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $733.5 million and $54.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the provision for income taxes reflects a tax benefit of $35.6 million related to the net loss recorded during the period, net of the $90.3 million expense related to the Conversion (see Note 9 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the impact of the Conversion). The Company’s effective tax rate was approximately 22% and 20% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 24% and (47)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is primarily comprised of the 21% U.S. federal corporate income tax rate plus U.S. state and foreign corporate income taxes, partially offset by non-controlling interests and the impact of a discrete tax benefit resulting from the vesting of restricted stock units. U.S. federal taxes relate to both current and deferred taxes, as we fully utilized our remaining net operating loss carryforwards during the three months ended June 30, 2021. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the income tax expense resulting from the Conversion offsetting the tax benefit from the net loss recorded in the period. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had federal, state, local and foreign taxes payable of $180.4 million and $62.7 million, respectively, which is recorded as a component of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $14.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to net income of $37.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $57.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to net loss of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. These amounts primarily reflect the net income attributable to non-controlling interests in carried interest, giveback obligations, and cash held for carried interest distributions. This balance also includes the net earnings or losses of certain Consolidated Funds for each period, which are substantially all allocated to the related funds’ limited partners.
Net Income Attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders. The net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. common stockholders was $532.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $295.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. common stockholders was $2.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a $2.5 billion increase from a net loss of $170.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables set forth information in the format used by management when making resource deployment decisions and in assessing performance of our segments. These non-GAAP financial measures are presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Our Non-GAAP financial measures exclude the effects of unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense, unrealized principal investment income, consolidated funds, acquisition and disposition-related items including amortization and any impairment charges of acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration taking the form of earn-outs, charges associated with equity-based compensation, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate actions and infrequently occurring or unusual events.
The following table shows our total segment DE and FRE for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Revenues | $ | 1,523.8 | $ | 496.5 | $ | 3,055.3 | $ | 1,659.8 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Expenses | 793.2 | 344.7 | 1,714.4 | 1,134.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 730.6 | $ | 151.8 | $ | 1,340.9 | $ | 525.2 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 533.5 | 39.9 | 846.9 | 159.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 71.3 | 12.8 | 139.1 | 50.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 25.6 | 19.6 | 68.7 | 59.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 151.4 | $ | 118.7 | $ | 423.6 | $ | 374.8 | |||||||||||||||
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The following table sets forth our total segment revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 416.9 | $ | 389.1 | $ | 1,218.9 | $ | 1,157.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 23.2 | 5.1 | 58.5 | 30.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 440.1 | 394.2 | 1,277.4 | 1,187.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 1,010.9 | 86.8 | 1,633.3 | 410.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 71.3 | 12.8 | 139.1 | 50.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1.5 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 11.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Revenues | $ | 1,523.8 | $ | 496.5 | $ | 3,055.3 | $ | 1,659.8 | |||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth our total segment expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | $ | 218.0 | $ | 205.3 | $ | 647.6 | $ | 619.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenue related compensation | 477.4 | 46.9 | 786.4 | 251.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 695.4 | 252.2 | 1,434.0 | 870.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 60.0 | 62.0 | 177.2 | 168.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 10.7 | 8.2 | 29.0 | 24.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 27.1 | 22.3 | 74.2 | 70.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Expenses | $ | 793.2 | $ | 344.7 | $ | 1,714.4 | $ | 1,134.6 | |||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before provision for income taxes is the U.S. GAAP financial measure most comparable to Distributable Earnings and Fee Related Earnings. The following table is a reconciliation of income (loss) before provision for income taxes to Distributable Earnings and to Fee Related Earnings.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | 701.3 | $ | 415.1 | $ | 3,118.3 | $ | (117.1) | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net unrealized performance revenues | 44.8 | (180.3) | (1,645.6) | (238.8) | |||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(1) | (70.4) | (81.0) | (280.5) | 643.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted unrealized principal investment (income) loss from investment in Fortitude Re(2) | — | — | — | 104.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation(3) | 44.3 | 21.1 | 129.5 | 87.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition or disposition-related charges (credits), including amortization of intangibles | 24.4 | 18.5 | 54.7 | 28.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense (benefit) associated with certain foreign performance fee revenues | (2.4) | (7.8) | (11.8) | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (14.6) | (37.2) | (57.7) | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset impairment | — | — | 26.8 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other adjustments including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 7.2 | 12.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 730.6 | $ | 151.8 | $ | 1,340.9 | $ | 525.2 | |||||||||||||||
(-) Realized net performance revenues(4) | 533.5 | 39.9 | 846.9 | 159.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
(-) Realized principal investment income(4) | 71.3 | 12.8 | 139.1 | 50.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net interest | 25.6 | 19.6 | 68.7 | 59.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 151.4 | $ | 118.7 | $ | 423.6 | $ | 374.8 | |||||||||||||||
(1) Adjustments to unrealized principal investment income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are inclusive of $211.8 million of unrealized gains resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements prior to the contribution of our investment in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. At the time of the contribution of our investment to Carlyle FRL, we began accounting for our investment under the equity method based on our net asset value in the fund, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude Holdings at fair value. This resulted in an unrealized loss in principal investment income (loss) of $620.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
(2) Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from the investment in Fortitude Re represents 19.9% of Fortitude Holdings’ estimated net income (loss), excluding the unrealized gains (losses) related to embedded derivatives, prior to the contribution of our investment in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020.
(3) Equity-based compensation includes amounts presented in principal investment income and general, administrative and other expenses in our U.S. GAAP statement of operations.
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(4) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 974.5 | $ | 36.4 | $ | 1,010.9 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 495.2 | (17.8) | 477.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 479.3 | $ | 54.2 | $ | 533.5 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 160.4 | $ | (89.1) | $ | 71.3 | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 4,841.3 | $ | (3,208.0) | $ | 1,633.3 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 2,355.8 | (1,569.4) | 786.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 2,485.5 | $ | (1,638.6) | $ | 846.9 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 477.2 | $ | (338.1) | $ | 139.1 | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 477.4 | $ | (390.6) | $ | 86.8 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 250.6 | (203.7) | 46.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 226.8 | $ | (186.9) | $ | 39.9 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 106.7 | $ | (93.9) | $ | 12.8 | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 731.6 | $ | (321.0) | $ | 410.6 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 343.7 | (92.1) | 251.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 387.9 | $ | (228.9) | $ | 159.0 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | (659.2) | $ | 710.0 | $ | 50.8 | |||||||||||
(5) Adjustments to performance revenues and principal investment income (loss) relate to (i) unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense and unrealized principal investment income, which are excluded from our Non-GAAP results, (ii) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the Non-GAAP results, (iii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the Non-GAAP results, (iv) the reclassification of NGP performance revenues, which are included in investment income in the U.S. GAAP financial statements, (v) the reclassification of certain incentive fees from business development companies, which are included in fund management fees in the segment results, and (vi) the reclassification of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues. Adjustments to principal investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the Non-GAAP results, the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the Non-GAAP results (see Note 4 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).
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Distributable Earnings for our reportable segments are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | 666.1 | $ | 115.1 | $ | 1,181.9 | $ | 406.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | 35.7 | 22.0 | 88.4 | 81.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | 28.8 | 14.7 | 70.6 | 36.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 730.6 | $ | 151.8 | $ | 1,340.9 | $ | 525.2 | |||||||||||||||
Segment Analysis
Discussed below is our DE and FRE for our segments for the periods presented. Our segment information is reflected in the manner used by our senior management to make operating and compensation decisions, assess performance and allocate resources.
For segment reporting purposes, revenues and expenses are presented on a basis that deconsolidates our Consolidated Funds. As a result, segment revenues from management fees, realized performance revenues and realized principal investment income (loss) are different than those presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis because these revenues recognized in certain segments are received from Consolidated Funds and are eliminated in consolidation when presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis. Furthermore, segment expenses are different than related amounts presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis due to the exclusion of fund expenses that are paid by the Consolidated Funds.
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Global Private Equity
The following table presents our results of operations for our Global Private Equity(1) segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 265.1 | $ | 248.1 | $ | 788.7 | $ | 779.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 7.3 | 3.5 | 24.1 | 10.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 272.4 | 251.6 | 812.8 | 790.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 962.9 | 70.5 | 1,525.9 | 251.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 61.6 | 7.5 | 109.3 | 34.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,297.1 | 329.9 | 2,448.9 | 1,078.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 133.6 | 122.5 | 396.3 | 382.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | 434.5 | 32.9 | 688.3 | 114.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 568.1 | 155.4 | 1,084.6 | 497.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 38.4 | 40.4 | 116.2 | 115.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 7.1 | 5.3 | 19.3 | 16.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 17.4 | 13.7 | 46.9 | 43.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 631.0 | 214.8 | 1,267.0 | 672.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 666.1 | $ | 115.1 | $ | 1,181.9 | $ | 406.4 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 528.4 | 37.6 | 837.6 | 137.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 61.6 | 7.5 | 109.3 | 34.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 17.2 | 13.4 | 46.0 | 40.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 93.3 | $ | 83.4 | $ | 281.0 | $ | 275.9 | |||||||||||||||
(1) On August 31, 2021, we sold 100% of our interest in our local Brazilian management entity and entered into a sub-advisory agreement with the acquiring company, which will provide advisory services with respect to Carlyle’s Brazilian portfolio. The loss on the sale and related transaction costs of $4.7 million and foreign currency translation loss of $14.7 million are not included in DE or FRE. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for the reconciliation of Total DE and FRE to the U.S. GAAP financial statements.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings increased $551.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $775.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 115.1 | $ | 406.4 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee related earnings | 9.9 | 5.1 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized net performance revenues | 490.8 | 700.3 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized principal investment income | 54.1 | 75.3 | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (3.8) | (5.2) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 551.0 | 775.5 | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2021 | $ | 666.1 | $ | 1,181.9 | |||||||
Realized Net Performance Revenues. Realized net performance revenues increased $490.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $700.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, driven by realization activity in our U.S., Europe and Asia buyout funds, as well as our U.S. real estate funds. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 we realized performance revenues for the first time on our eighth U.S. real estate fund, our fourth Asia buyout fund, and our third Japan buyout fund. Realized net performance revenues were primarily generated by the following funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | CP VI | CP VI | CP IV | |||||||||||||||||
| CP V | CP V | CP V | CP V | |||||||||||||||||
| CEP III | CGFSP II | CAP IV | CP VI | |||||||||||||||||
| CRP VIII | CCI | CEP III | CETP III | |||||||||||||||||
| CAP IV | CRP III | CRP VIII | CGFSP II | |||||||||||||||||
| CRP VII | CRP V | CGFSP I | ||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II | CCI | |||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VII | CRP III | |||||||||||||||||||
| CJP III | CRP VII | |||||||||||||||||||
| CERF | ||||||||||||||||||||
| CEREP III | ||||||||||||||||||||
Realized Principal Investment Income. Realized principal investment income was $61.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to realized principal investment income of $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Realized principal investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was driven by our U.S. Europe and Asia buyout funds, our U.S. real estate funds, and our equity opportunities funds, as compared to realized principal investment income during the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was driven by our U.S. buyout and U.S. real estate funds.
Realized principal investment income was $109.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to realized principal investment income of $34.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Realized principal
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investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was driven by our U.S., Europe and Asia buyout funds and our equity opportunities funds, compared to realized principal investment income during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 driven by our Asia and U.S. buyout funds and our U.S. real estate funds, partially offset by realized investment losses in one of our equity opportunities funds.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings increased $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 83.4 | $ | 275.9 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee revenues | 20.8 | 22.7 | |||||||||
| Increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | (11.1) | (13.5) | |||||||||
CCC litigation cost recovery in 2020(1) | — | (20.3) | |||||||||
| Decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | 2.0 | 19.3 | |||||||||
| All other changes | (1.8) | (3.1) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 9.9 | 5.1 | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2021 | $ | 93.3 | $ | 281.0 | |||||||
(1) General, administrative and other indirect expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included the allocated portion of the cost recovery associated with the CCC litigation costs. See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Fee Revenues. Total fee revenues increased $20.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Higher fund management fees | $ | 17.0 | $ | 9.4 | |||||||
| Higher portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 3.8 | 13.3 | |||||||||
| Total increase in fee revenues | $ | 20.8 | $ | 22.7 | |||||||
The increase in total fee revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to higher management fees on CJP IV as well as CAP Growth II, which activated fees in October 2020 and May 2021, respectively, and CPI, which charges management fees on net asset value. These increases were partially offset by lower management fees for funds on which management fees are based on invested capital and have had realizations over the last twelve months.
The increase in fund management fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to higher management fees on CJP IV, our Renewables fund which included $3.2 million in catch-up management fees, as well as CAP Growth II and CPI. These increases were partially offset by basis step-downs in CEOF II and CJP III, catch-up management fees of $6.3 million on CIEP II in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as well as lower management fees for funds on which management fees are based on invested capital and have had realizations over the last twelve months.
Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in portfolio advisory and transaction fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 relative to the comparable period in 2020 was primarily driven by
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transaction fees related to investments in CJP IV and CEP V, as well as portfolio fees related to investments in CEOF I, CEOF II and CIEP II.
The total weighted-average management fee rates as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 were 1.28% and 1.26%. Fee-earning assets under management were $90.3 billion and $89.2 billion as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of $1.1 billion.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased $11.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $13.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to higher projected year-end bonuses.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $19.3 million, excluding the impact of litigation cost recoveries in 2020, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to lower professional fees and travel and entertainment expenses.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 55,247 | $ | 52,866 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital | 28,704 | 30,955 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 3,680 | 2,897 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value | 2,654 | 2,441 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 90,285 | $ | 89,159 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (2) | |||||||||||
| All Funds | 1.28 | % | 1.26 | % | |||||||
| Funds in Investment Period | 1.45 | % | 1.39 | % | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate of each fund in the segment, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 90,477 | $ | 88,792 | $ | 91,571 | $ | 94,811 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 2,183 | 615 | 3,785 | 2,219 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (1,865) | (981) | (4,341) | (7,944) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | (156) | 149 | 256 | (421) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (354) | 584 | (986) | 494 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 90,285 | $ | 89,159 | $ | 90,285 | $ | 89,159 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, and the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
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(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, and reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees. Realizations for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Fee-earning AUM was $90.3 billion at September 30, 2021, generally flat to June 30, 2021, as inflows of $2.2 billion from new fee-paying commitments raised in CER II and CAP Growth II and capital deployment for funds that charge management fees on invested capital were largely offset by realizations of $1.9 billion in funds which charge fees based on invested capital. Investment and distribution activity has no impact for funds still in the original investment period where Fee-earning AUM is based on commitments.
Fee-earning AUM was $90.3 billion at September 30, 2021, a decrease of $1.3 billion, or approximately 1%, compared to $91.6 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was driven by outflows of $4.3 billion primarily due to dispositions in funds which charge fees based on invested capital, as well as $1.0 billion in negative foreign exchange activity from the translation of our EUR-denominated funds’ AUM to USD. Partially offsetting the decrease were inflows of $3.8 billion primarily from new fee-paying commitments raised in CAP Growth II, CER II, and CRSEF, as well as investments in other funds which charge fees based on invested capital.
Fee-earning AUM was $90.3 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $1.1 billion, or approximately 1%, compared to $89.2 billion at September 30, 2020. The increase was driven by inflows of $7.0 billion primarily from new fee-paying commitments raised in CJP IV, CAP Growth II, CER II, and CRSEF, as well as investments in other funds which charge fees based on invested capital, and $0.4 billion of market appreciation. Partially offsetting the increase were outflows of $5.9 billion primarily due to dispositions in funds which charge fees based on invested capital.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 150,148 | $ | 131,780 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 15,729 | 23,873 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (9,779) | (18,974) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 5,581 | 25,839 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (526) | (1,365) | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 161,153 | $ | 161,153 | |||||||
(1) Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2) Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, separately managed accounts, and the NGP Predecessor Funds, gross redemptions in our open-end funds, and the expiration of available capital.
(3) Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, separately managed accounts, and the NGP Predecessor Funds, as well as the impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, and other changes in AUM.
(4) Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
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Total AUM was $161.2 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $11.1 billion compared to $150.1 billion as of June 30, 2021. Driving the increase were $15.7 billion of inflows, largely attributable to first closings in CP VIII and CP Growth, and additional closings in CRP IX. The increase was also driven by overall segment appreciation of $5.6 billion for the period, driven by appreciation of $0.7 billion in CP VI, $0.6 billion in CRP VIII, and $0.5 billion in CP VII. These increases were partially offset by outflows of $9.8 billion primarily from distributions of investment proceeds in our U.S. Buyout, Europe Buyout, U.S. Growth, and Asia Buyout funds.
Total AUM was $161.2 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $29.4 billion compared to $131.8 billion as of December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by overall segment appreciation of $25.8 billion for the period which was driven by appreciation of $6.5 billion in CP VI, $2.4 billion in CP VII, $1.7 billion in CEP IV, and $1.3 billion in CRP VIII. Also driving the increase were $23.9 billion of inflows primarily from fundraising in CP VIII, CRP IX, CPI, and CP Growth. The increase was partially offset by outflows of $19.0 billion primarily from distributions of investment proceeds in our U.S. Buyout, U.S. Real Estate, Europe Buyout, and U.S. Growth funds.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our investment funds that generally have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2021, which we refer to as our “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Global Private Equity business. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | REALIZED/PARTIALLY REALIZED INVESTMENTS(5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund (Fee Initiation Date/Stepdown Date)(19) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(1) | Percent Invested | Realized Value(2) | Remaining Fair Value(3) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR (6)(12) | Net IRR (7)(12) | Net Accrued Carry/(Clawback) (8) | Total Fair Value(9) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR (6)(12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VII (May 2018 / May 2024) | $ | 18,510 | $ | 13,975 | 76% | $ | 568 | $ | 16,952 | 1.3x | 19% | 10% | $ | 225 | $ | 731 | 2.1x | 41% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI (May 2013 / May 2018) | $ | 13,000 | $ | 13,078 | 101% | $ | 13,917 | $ | 18,152 | 2.5x | 23% | 18% | $ | 1,337 | $ | 17,922 | 2.8x | 28% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP V (Jun 2007 / May 2013) | $ | 13,720 | $ | 13,238 | 96% | $ | 27,060 | $ | 1,311 | 2.1x | 18% | 14% | $ | 114 | $ | 27,178 | 2.5x | 24% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP V (Oct 2018 / Sep 2024) | € | 6,436 | € | 3,011 | 47% | € | 19 | € | 3,679 | 1.2x | NM | NM | $ | 20 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP IV (Sep 2014 / Oct 2018) | € | 3,752 | € | 3,758 | 100% | € | 3,417 | € | 3,218 | 1.8x | 17% | 11% | $ | 288 | € | 3,220 | 2.4x | 28% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP III (Jul 2007 / Dec 2012) | € | 5,295 | € | 5,177 | 98% | € | 11,691 | € | 67 | 2.3x | 19% | 14% | $ | 8 | € | 11,640 | 2.3x | 19% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP II (Sep 2003 / Sep 2007) | € | 1,805 | € | 2,048 | 113% | € | 4,113 | € | 27 | 2.0x | 36% | 20% | $ | 3 | € | 4,124 | 2.2x | 43% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP V (Jun 2018 / Jun 2024) | $ | 6,554 | $ | 3,638 | 56% | $ | 902 | $ | 4,283 | 1.4x | 47% | 24% | $ | 111 | $ | 944 | 1.9x | 158% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP IV (Jul 2013 / Jun 2018) | $ | 3,880 | $ | 4,044 | 104% | $ | 4,538 | $ | 3,468 | 2.0x | 19% | 13% | $ | 287 | $ | 4,780 | 3.4x | 35% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP III (Jun 2008 / Jul 2013) | $ | 2,552 | $ | 2,543 | 100% | $ | 4,417 | $ | 701 | 2.0x | 17% | 12% | $ | 72 | $ | 4,417 | 2.1x | 19% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP IV (Oct 2020 / Oct 2026) | ¥ | 258,000 | ¥ | 92,595 | 36% | ¥ | — | ¥ | 103,455 | 1.1x | NM | NM | $ | 2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP III (Sep 2013 / Aug 2020) | ¥ | 119,505 | ¥ | 91,192 | 76% | ¥ | 97,354 | ¥ | 91,839 | 2.1x | 20% | 13% | $ | 60 | ¥ | 117,140 | 3.1x | 32% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP II (Oct 2006 / Jul 2013) | ¥ | 165,600 | ¥ | 141,867 | 86% | ¥ | 205,301 | ¥ | 5,400 | 1.5x | 7% | 4% | $ | — | ¥ | 203,831 | 1.5x | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP III (Dec 2017 / Dec 2023) | $ | 1,005 | $ | 870 | 87% | $ | 17 | $ | 1,497 | 1.7x | 45% | 31% | $ | 54 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II (Jun 2013 / Dec 2017) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 943 | 94% | $ | 1,602 | $ | 566 | 2.3x | 26% | 19% | $ | 43 | $ | 1,600 | 2.3x | 28% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF II (Nov 2015 / Mar 2020) | $ | 2,400 | $ | 2,123 | 88% | $ | 1,477 | $ | 2,143 | 1.7x | 18% | 12% | $ | 127 | $ | 1,764 | 3.8x | 56% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF I (Sep 2011 / Nov 2015) | $ | 1,119 | $ | 1,175 | 105% | $ | 1,505 | $ | 324 | 1.6x | 12% | 8% | $ | 46 | $ | 1,359 | 1.8x | 23% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP IV (Jul 2019 / Jul 2025) | € | 1,350 | € | 1,082 | 80% | € | — | € | 1,536 | 1.4x | 65% | 40% | $ | 42 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP III (Jul 2014 / Jul 2019) | € | 657 | € | 602 | 92% | € | 1,180 | € | 676 | 3.1x | 46% | 33% | $ | 53 | € | 1,180 | 4.4x | 51% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP II (Dec 2020 / Jan 2025) | $ | 1,840 | $ | 175 | 10% | $ | — | $ | 193 | 1.1x | NM | NM | $ | — | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP (Jan 2015 / Mar 2021) | $ | 3,588 | $ | 2,933 | 82% | $ | 414 | $ | 3,433 | 1.3x | 7% | 5% | $ | 45 | $ | 469 | 3.1x | 68% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAGP IV (Aug 2008 / Dec 2014) | $ | 1,041 | $ | 954 | 92% | $ | 1,123 | $ | 120 | 1.3x | 7% | 2% | $ | — | $ | 1,122 | 1.3x | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSABF (Dec 2009 / Dec 2016) | $ | 776.0 | $ | 736 | 95% | $ | 479 | $ | 534 | 1.4x | 6% | 3% | $ | — | $ | 437 | 1.2x | 4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds & Vehicles(10) | $ | 16,425 | n/a | $ | 16,835 | $ | 10,906 | 1.7x | 13% | 11% | $ | 72 | $ | 17,392 | 2.2x | 17% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds & Vehicles(11) | $ | 23,388 | n/a | $ | 59,472 | $ | — | 2.5x | 28% | 21% | $ | 6 | $ | 59,472 | 2.5x | 28% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL CORPORATE PRIVATE EQUITY(13) | $ | 121,302 | n/a | $ | 160,671 | $ | 77,032 | 2.0x | 26% | 18% | $ | 3,015 | $ | 165,798 | 2.5x | 27% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | REALIZED/PARTIALLY REALIZED INVESTMENTS(5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund (Fee Initiation Date/Stepdown Date)(19) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(1) | Percent Invested | Realized Value(2) | Remaining Fair Value(3) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR (6)(12) | Net IRR (7)(12) | Net Accrued Carry/(Clawback) (8) | Total Fair Value(9) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR (6)(12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP IX ( — / —) | $ | 7,254 | $ | 53 | 1% | $ | — | $ | 49 | 0.9x | NM | NM | $ | — | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VIII (Aug 2017 / Jan 2022) | $ | 5,505 | $ | 3,852 | 70% | $ | 1,964 | $ | 3,858 | 1.5x | 47% | 26% | $ | 148 | $ | 2,012 | 1.8x | 47% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VII (Jun 2014 / Dec 2017) | $ | 4,162 | $ | 3,778 | 91% | $ | 4,260 | $ | 1,989 | 1.7x | 19% | 12% | $ | 88 | $ | 4,154 | 1.8x | 25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VI (Mar 2011 / Jun 2014) | $ | 2,340 | $ | 2,162 | 92% | $ | 3,721 | $ | 195 | 1.8x | 27% | 18% | $ | 4 | $ | 3,539 | 2.0x | 31% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP V (Nov 2006 / Mar 2011) | $ | 3,000 | $ | 3,318 | 111% | $ | 5,282 | $ | 723 | 1.8x | 12% | 9% | $ | 125 | $ | 5,932 | 1.8x | 13% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP IV (Jan 2005 / Nov 2006) | $ | 950 | $ | 1,216 | 128% | $ | 1,954 | $ | 23 | 1.6x | 7% | 4% | $ | — | $ | 1,951 | 1.7x | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPI (May 2016 / n/a) | $ | 6,428 | $ | 3,838 | 60% | $ | 961 | $ | 4,323 | 1.4x | 16% | 14% | $ | 40 | $ | 605 | 1.6x | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEREP III (Jun 2007 / May 2012) | € | 2,230 | € | 2,053 | 92% | € | 2,447 | € | 44 | 1.2x | 4% | 1% | $ | — | € | 2,444 | 1.2x | 4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds & Vehicles(14) | $ | 3,390 | n/a | $ | 3,021 | $ | 2,241 | 1.6x | 10% | 8% | $ | 6 | $ | 2,745 | 1.7x | 11% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds & Vehicles(15) | $ | 5,182 | n/a | $ | 6,878 | $ | 2 | 1.3x | 13% | 6% | $ | — | $ | 6,880 | 1.3x | 13% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REAL ESTATE(13) | $ | 29,164 | n/a | $ | 30,871 | $ | 13,454 | 1.5x | 12% | 8% | $ | 412 | $ | 30,645 | 1.6x | 13% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural Resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CIEP II (Apr 2019 / Apr 2025) | $ | 2,286 | $ | 841 | 37% | $ | 214 | $ | 842 | 1.3x | NM | NM | $ | 8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CIEP I (Sep 2013 / Jun 2019) | $ | 2,500 | $ | 2,339 | 94% | $ | 1,050 | $ | 2,517 | 1.5x | 16% | 8% | $ | 63 | $ | 1,491 | 2.2x | 23% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPP II (Sep 2014 / Apr 2021) | $ | 1,527 | $ | 1,504 | 99% | $ | 352 | $ | 1,743 | 1.4x | 13% | 8% | $ | 5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGIOF (Dec 2018 / Sep 2023) | $ | 2,201 | $ | 1,057 | 48% | $ | 95 | $ | 961 | 1.0x | NM | NM | $ | — | $ | 37 | 2.1x | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NGP XII (Jul 2017 / Jul 2022) | $ | 4,278 | $ | 2,403 | 56% | $ | 169 | $ | 2,838 | 1.3x | 10% | 5% | $ | — | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NGP XI (Oct 2014 / Jul 2017) | $ | 5,325 | $ | 4,961 | 93% | $ | 2,312 | $ | 3,980 | 1.3x | 7% | 5% | $ | — | $ | 1,947 | 1.2x | 18% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NGP X (Jan 2012 / Dec 2014) | $ | 3,586 | $ | 3,346 | 93% | $ | 3,093 | $ | 484 | 1.1x | 2% | Neg | $ | — | $ | 2,961 | 1.2x | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds & Vehicles(17) | $ | 3,410 | n/a | $ | 1,496 | $ | 3,142 | 1.4x | 13% | 11% | $ | 11 | $ | 1,512 | 2.2x | 26% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds & Vehicles(18) | $ | 1,190 | n/a | $ | 1,435 | $ | 1 | 1.2x | 3% | 1% | $ | — | $ | 1,436 | 1.2x | 3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL NATURAL RESOURCES | $ | 21,052 | n/a | $ | 10,215 | $ | 16,508 | 1.3x | 8% | 4% | $ | 87 | $ | 9,384 | 1.6x | 10% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legacy Energy Funds(16) | $ | 16,741 | n/a | $ | 23,759 | $ | 388 | 1.4x | 12% | 6% | $ | (4) | $ | 23,580 | 1.5x | 14% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund.
(2)Represents all realized proceeds since inception of the fund.
(3)Represents remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, and may include remaining escrow values for realized investments.
(4)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
(5)An investment is considered realized when the investment fund has completely exited, and ceases to own an interest in, the investment. An investment is considered partially realized when the total amount of proceeds received in respect of such investment, including dividends, interest or other distributions and/or return of capital, represents at least 85% of invested capital and such investment is not yet fully realized. Because part of our value creation strategy involves pursuing best exit alternatives, we believe information regarding Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR, when considered together with the other investment performance metrics presented, provides investors with meaningful information regarding our investment performance by removing the impact of investments where significant realization activity has not yet occurred. Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR have limitations as measures of investment performance, and should not be considered in isolation. Such limitations include the fact that these measures do not include the performance of earlier stage and other investments that do not satisfy the criteria provided above. The exclusion of such investments will have a positive impact on Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR in instances when the MOIC and Gross IRR in respect of such investments are less than the aggregate MOIC and Gross IRR. Our measurements of Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR may not be comparable to those of other companies that use similarly titled measures.
(6)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents an annualized time-weighted return on Limited Partner invested capital, based on contributions, distributions and unrealized fair value as of the reporting date, before the impact of management fees, partnership expenses and carried interest. For fund vintages 2017 and after, Gross IRR includes the impact of interest expense related to the funding of investments on fund lines of credit. Gross IRR is calculated based on the timing of Limited Partner cash flows, which may differ to varying degrees from the timing of actual investment cash
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flows for the fund. Subtotal Gross IRR aggregations for multiple funds are calculated based on actual cash flow dates for each fund and represent a theoretical time-weighted return for a Limited Partner who invested sequentially in each fund.
(7)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents an annualized time-weighted return on Limited Partner invested capital, based on contributions, distributions and unrealized fair value as of the reporting date, after the impact of all management fees, partnership expenses and carried interest, including current accruals. Net IRR is calculated based on the timing of Limited Partner cash flows, which may differ to varying degrees from the timing of actual investment cash flows for the fund. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund. Subtotal Net IRR aggregations for multiple funds are calculated based on actual cash flow dates for each fund and represent a theoretical time-weighted return for a Limited Partner who invested sequentially in each fund.
(8)Represents the net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end.
(9)Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(10)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as all active co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and stand-alone investments arranged by us: CVP II, MENA, CCI, CSSAF I, CPF, CAP Growth I, CAP Growth II, and CBPF II.
(11)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CP I, CP II, CP III, CP IV, CEP I, CAP I, CAP II, CBPF I, CJP I, CMG, CVP I, CUSGF III, CGFSP I, CEVP I, CETP I, CETP II, CAVP I, CAVP II, CAGP III and Mexico.
(12)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is considered meaningful but is negative as of reporting period end.
(13)For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate.
(14)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as all active co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and stand-alone investments arranged by us: CCR, CER I, and CER II.
(15)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CRP I, CRP II, CRP III, CRCP I, CAREP I, CAREP II, CEREP I, and CEREP II.
(16)Aggregate includes the following Legacy Energy funds and related co-investments: Energy I, Energy II, Energy III, Energy IV, Renew I, and Renew II.
(17)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as all active co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and stand-alone investments arranged by us: NGP GAP, CPOCP, CRSEF, and NGP Minerals.
(18)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CIP.
(19)The fund stepdown date represents the contractual stepdown date under the respective fund agreements for funds on which the fee basis stepdown has not yet occurred. Funds without a listed Fee Initiation Date and Stepdown Date have not yet initiated fees.
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Global Credit
The following table presents our results of operations for our Global Credit segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 92.5 | $ | 86.2 | $ | 258.6 | $ | 237.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 15.9 | 1.6 | 34.1 | 19.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 108.4 | 87.8 | 292.7 | 256.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 2.1 | — | 2.2 | 26.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 7.4 | 4.5 | 23.1 | 14.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1.3 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 8.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 119.2 | 94.6 | 322.5 | 306.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 58.7 | 52.5 | 168.0 | 156.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | 12.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 59.7 | 52.5 | 169.0 | 168.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 14.7 | 12.0 | 39.5 | 30.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 2.3 | 1.8 | 6.2 | 5.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 6.8 | 6.3 | 19.4 | 20.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 83.5 | 72.6 | 234.1 | 224.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 35.7 | $ | 22.0 | $ | 88.4 | $ | 81.9 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 1.1 | — | 1.2 | 14.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 7.4 | 4.5 | 23.1 | 14.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 5.5 | 4.0 | 14.9 | 12.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 32.7 | $ | 21.5 | $ | 79.0 | $ | 64.9 | |||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings increased $13.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 22.0 | $ | 81.9 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee related earnings | 11.2 | 14.1 | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in realized net performance revenues | 1.1 | (13.1) | |||||||||
| Increase in realized principal investment income | 2.9 | 8.2 | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (1.5) | (2.7) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 13.7 | 6.5 | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2021 | $ | 35.7 | $ | 88.4 | |||||||
Realized Net Performance Revenues. Realized net performance revenues increased $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and decreased $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to realized net performance revenues generated by our Asia structured credit fund and Carlyle Aviation Partners in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Realized Principal Investment Income. Realized principal investment income increased $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to higher gains on investments in our U.S. CLOs and distressed credit carry funds. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 was partially offset by realized losses on investments in our energy credit carry funds.
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Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings increased $11.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 21.5 | $ | 64.9 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee revenues | 20.6 | 35.8 | |||||||||
| Increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | (6.2) | (11.9) | |||||||||
CCC litigation cost recovery in 2020(1) | — | (6.3) | |||||||||
| Increase in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | (2.7) | (2.5) | |||||||||
| All other changes | (0.5) | (1.0) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 11.2 | 14.1 | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2021 | $ | 32.7 | $ | 79.0 | |||||||
(1) General, administrative and other indirect expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included the allocated portion of the cost recovery associated with the CCC litigation costs. See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Fee Revenues. Fee revenues increased $20.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $35.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2021 v. 2020 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Higher fund management fees | $ | 13.9 | $ | 21.1 | |||||||
| Recognition of previously deferred subordinated management fees in 2020 | (7.6) | — | |||||||||
| Higher portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 14.3 | 14.7 | |||||||||
| Total increase in fee revenues | $ | 20.6 | $ | 35.8 | |||||||
The increase in fund management fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily driven by increased management fees from CCOF, which earns fees based on AUM, CCOF II, which activated management fees in October 2020, strong CLO origination activity, our interval fund and the activation of fees on newly-raised SMAs. These increases were partially offset by lower management fees from CSP IV, due to the step-down of the fee rate and basis in January 2021. The increase in the three months ended September 30, 2021 from the comparable period in 2020 was also partially offset by the recognition of $7.6 million of subordinated management fees in certain of our U.S. CLOs which had been deferred in the first and second quarters of 2020.
The increase in portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily from higher underwriting and placement fees associated with Carlyle Global Capital Markets. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from the comparable period in 2020 was partially offset by transaction fees associated with Carlyle FRL during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The weighted average management fee rate on our carry funds decreased from 1.27% at September 30, 2020 to 1.23% at September 30, 2021. The rate decrease was primarily due to the stepdown of CSP IV from commitments to invested capital and increases in Fee-earning AUM in products with lower fee rates, partially offset by new fee-paying commitments raised in SASOF V with a higher effective fee rate.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased $6.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $11.9
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million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to increased headcount.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses increased $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, excluding the impact of litigation cost recoveries in 2020, primarily due to increases in rent and other general expenses.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Global Credit | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 2,758 | $ | 5,018 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital | 9,022 | 5,178 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par | 29,191 | 26,326 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 1,621 | 1,517 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on other (2) | 5,621 | 4,341 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 48,213 | $ | 42,380 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (3) | |||||||||||
| All Funds, excluding CLOs | 1.23 | % | 1.27 | % | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Includes funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(3) Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate for carry funds, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented. Management fees for CLOs are based on the total par amount of the assets (collateral) and principal balance of the notes in the fund and are not calculated as a percentage of equity and are therefore not included.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 45,885 | $ | 41,830 | $ | 42,133 | $ | 37,862 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 3,386 | 703 | 9,324 | 5,220 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (991) | (569) | (3,267) | (1,879) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 142 | 68 | 511 | 338 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (209) | 348 | (488) | 839 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 48,213 | $ | 42,380 | $ | 48,213 | $ | 42,380 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital, the fee-earning collateral balance of new CLO issuances, as well as gross subscriptions in our vehicles for which management fees are based on net asset value. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
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(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees, gross redemptions in our open-ended funds, and runoff of CLO collateral balances. Realizations for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in funds or vehicles based on the lower of cost or fair value or net asset value, as well as activity of funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Fee-earning AUM was $48.2 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $2.3 billion compared to $45.9 billion at June 30, 2021. This increase was driven by inflows of $3.4 billion primarily from the closings of four new U.S. CLOs and investment activity in CCOF II, partially offset by outflows of $1.0 billion primarily due to runoff of CLO collateral balances. Investment and distribution activity has no impact for funds still in the original investment period where Fee-earning AUM is based on commitments.
Fee-earning AUM was $48.2 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $6.1 billion, or approximately 14%, compared to $42.1 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by inflows of $9.3 billion primarily related to closings on additional U.S. and Europe CLOs and investment activity in our credit opportunities funds. This was partially offset by outflows of $3.3 billion primarily due to runoff of our CLO collateral balances and dispositions in other funds with fees tied to invested capital.
Fee-earning AUM was $48.2 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $5.8 billion, or approximately 14%, compared to $42.4 billion at September 30, 2020. The increase was driven by inflows of $10.5 billion primarily related to closings on additional U.S. and Europe CLOs and investment activity in our credit opportunities funds. This was partially offset by outflows of $5.3 billion primarily due to runoff of our CLO collateral balances and dispositions in other funds with fees tied to invested capital.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Credit | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 61,081 | $ | 55,881 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 4,508 | 10,156 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (377) | (2,462) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 1,348 | 3,275 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (222) | (512) | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 66,338 | $ | 66,338 | |||||||
(1) Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2) Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, and separately managed accounts, gross redemptions in our open-end funds, runoff of CLO collateral balances, and the expiration of available capital.
(3) Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, and separately managed accounts, as well as the impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, change in gross asset value for our business development companies and other changes in AUM.
(4) Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
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Total AUM was $66.3 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $5.2 billion, or approximately 9%, compared to $61.1 billion at June 30, 2021. The increase was driven by $4.5 billion of inflows primarily related to closings on four new U.S. CLOs and additional fundraising in CCOF II. Also driving the increase was $1.3 billion of market appreciation and other activity primarily driven by the acquisition of a large portfolio of aircraft in our aviation business. This increase was partially offset by $0.4 billion of outflows primarily due to runoff of CLO and other collateral balances.
Total AUM was $66.3 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $10.4 billion, or approximately 19%, compared to $55.9 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by $10.2 billion of inflows primarily related to closings on additional U.S. and Europe CLOs, as well as fundraising in CCOF II, aviation, and various cross-platform accounts and SMA’s, and $3.3 billion of market appreciation and other activity primarily driven by carry fund appreciation as well as the acquisition of a large portfolio of aircraft in our aviation business. This increase was partially offset by $2.5 billion of outflows primarily due to runoff of CLO and other collateral balances.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for certain of our Global Credit funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following table reflects the performance of carry funds in our Global Credit business. These tables separately present carry funds that, as of September 30, 2021, had at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total equity value. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
| (Dollars in millions) | TOTAL INVESTMENTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund (Fee Initiation Date/Stepdown Date)(11) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital (1) | Percent Invested | Realized Value (2) | Remaining Fair Value (3) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR (5) (8) | Net IRR (6) (8) | Net Accrued Carry/(Clawback) (7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit Carry Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSP IV (Apr 2016 / Dec 2020) | $ | 2,500 | $ | 2,500 | 100% | $ | 1,247 | $ | 1,812 | 1.2x | 19% | 8% | $ | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CSP III (Dec 2011 / Aug 2015) | $ | 703 | $ | 703 | 100% | $ | 837 | $ | 169 | 1.4x | 20% | 10% | $ | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||
| CSP II (Dec 2007 / Jun 2011) | $ | 1,352 | $ | 1,352 | 100% | $ | 2,431 | $ | 62 | 1.8x | 17% | 11% | $ | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CCOF II (Nov 2020 / Oct 2025) | $ | 3,008 | $ | 1,379 | 46% | $ | 23 | $ | 1,466 | 1.1x | NM | NM | $ | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CCOF I (Nov 2017 / Sep 2022) | $ | 2,373 | $ | 3,417 | 144% | $ | 1,328 | $ | 2,790 | 1.2x | 20% | 15% | $ | 56 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CEMOF II (Dec 2015 / Jun 2019) | $ | 2,819 | $ | 1,701 | 60% | $ | 812 | $ | 1,196 | 1.2x | 7 | 2 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| CEMOF I (Dec 2010 / Dec 2015) | $ | 1,383 | $ | 1,606 | 116% | $ | 928 | $ | 155 | 0.7x | Neg | Neg | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| CSC (Mar 2017/ n/a) | $ | 838 | $ | 1,303 | 155% | $ | 988 | $ | 653 | 1.3x | 18% | 14% | $ | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||
| SASOF III (Nov 2014 / n/a) | $ | 833 | $ | 991 | 119% | $ | 1,186 | $ | 150 | 1.3x | 21 | 13 | $ | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds & Vehicles(9) | $ | 3,130 | n/a | $ | 1,751 | $ | 1,637 | 1.1x | 4% | Neg | $ | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds & Vehicles(10) | $ | 1,447 | n/a | $ | 1,988 | $ | — | 1.4x | 12% | 7% | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL GLOBAL CREDIT | $ | 19,529 | n/a | $ | 13,519 | $ | 10,090 | 1.2x | 11% | 5% | $ | 138 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the original cost of investments since the inception of the fund. For CSP II and CSP III, reflects amounts net of investment level recallable proceeds which is adjusted to reflect recyclability of invested capital for the purpose of calculating the fund MOIC.
(2)Represents all realized proceeds since inception of the fund.
(3)Represents remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, and may include remaining escrow values for realized investments.
(4)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
(5)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents an annualized time-weighted return on Limited Partner invested capital, based on contributions, distributions and unrealized fair value as of the reporting date, before the impact of management fees, partnership expenses and carried interest. For fund vintages 2017 and after, Gross IRR includes the
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impact of interest expense related to the funding of investments on fund lines of credit. Gross IRR is calculated based on the timing of Limited Partner cash flows, which may differ to varying degrees from the timing of actual investment cash flows for the fund. Subtotal Gross IRR aggregations for multiple funds are calculated based on actual cash flow dates for each fund and represent a theoretical time-weighted return for a Limited Partner who invested sequentially in each fund.
(6)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents an annualized time-weighted return on Limited Partner invested capital, based on contributions, distributions and unrealized fair value as of the reporting date, after the impact of all management fees, partnership expenses and carried interest, including current accruals. Net IRR is calculated based on the timing of Limited Partner cash flows, which may differ to varying degrees from the timing of actual investment cash flows for the fund. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund. Subtotal Net IRR aggregations for multiple funds are calculated based on actual cash flow dates for each fund and represent a theoretical time-weighted return for a Limited Partner who invested sequentially in each fund.
(7)Represents the net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end.
(8)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is considered meaningful but is negative as of reporting period end.
(9)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as all active co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and stand-alone investments arranged by us: SASOF II, SASOF IV, SASOF V, and CALF.
(10)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CSP I, CMP I, CMP II, and CASCOF.
(11)The fund stepdown date represents the contractual stepdown date under the respective fund agreements for funds on which the fee basis stepdown has not yet occurred. Funds without a listed Fee Initiation Date and Stepdown Date have not yet initiated fees.
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Global Investment Solutions
The following table presents our results of operations for our Global Investment Solutions(1) segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 59.3 | $ | 54.8 | $ | 171.6 | $ | 140.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | — | — | 0.3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 59.3 | 54.8 | 171.9 | 140.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 45.9 | 16.3 | 105.2 | 132.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 2.3 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 1.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | — | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 107.5 | 72.0 | 283.9 | 275.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 25.7 | 30.3 | 83.3 | 80.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | 41.9 | 14.0 | 97.1 | 125.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 67.6 | 44.3 | 180.4 | 205.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 6.9 | 9.6 | 21.5 | 22.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 1.3 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 2.9 | 2.3 | 7.9 | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 78.7 | 57.3 | 213.3 | 238.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 28.8 | $ | 14.7 | $ | 70.6 | $ | 36.9 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 4.0 | 2.3 | 8.1 | 7.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 2.3 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 1.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 2.9 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 6.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 25.4 | $ | 13.8 | $ | 63.6 | $ | 34.0 | |||||||||||||||
(1) On April 1, 2021, we closed on the sale of our interest in Metropolitan Real Estate (“MRE”). Distributable Earnings and Fee Related Earnings attributable to MRE in periods prior to the sale were immaterial to the Global Investment Solutions segment. The $5.0 million gain on the sale and the $26.8 million right-of-use asset impairment, as a result of the sublease transaction (see Note 7), are not included in DE or FRE. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for the reconciliation of Total DE and FRE to the U.S. GAAP financial statements.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings increased $14.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $33.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 14.7 | $ | 36.9 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee related earnings | 11.6 | 29.6 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized net performance revenues | 1.7 | 0.7 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized principal investment income | 1.5 | 4.8 | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (0.7) | (1.4) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 14.1 | 33.7 | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2021 | $ | 28.8 | $ | 70.6 | |||||||
Global Investment Solutions had realized performance revenues of $105.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. However, most of these realizations are from AlpInvest fund vehicles in which we generally do not retain any carried interest, therefore our net realized performance revenues were $8.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Realized Principal Investment Income. Realized principal investment income increased $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to higher realized gains on investments on our secondaries funds.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings increased $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $29.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 13.8 | $ | 34.0 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee revenues | 4.5 | 31.7 | |||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in cash-based compensation and benefits | 4.6 | (3.0) | |||||||||
CCC litigation cost recovery in 2020(1) | — | (3.3) | |||||||||
| Decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | 2.7 | 4.3 | |||||||||
| All other changes | (0.2) | (0.1) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 11.6 | 29.6 | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2021 | $ | 25.4 | $ | 63.6 | |||||||
(1) General, administrative and other indirect expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included the allocated portion of the cost recovery associated with the CCC litigation costs. See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Fee Revenues. Total fee revenues increased $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and increased $31.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to increased management fees from our private equity fund vehicles driven by the activation of management fees on our latest secondaries fund in the second quarter of 2020 and our latest coinvestment fund in the second quarter of 2021, as well as $4.4 million in catch-up fees. These increases were partially offset by the impact of the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021, which had management fees of $10.7 million for the period from April 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense decreased $4.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to cash-based compensation for MRE and bonus accruals recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2020, partially offset by increased headcount. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to increased headcount, partially offset by cash-based compensation recognized for MRE during 2020.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2020 and decreased $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, excluding the impact of litigation cost recoveries in 2020, primarily due to lower professional fees.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 18,789 | $ | 16,877 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 3,855 | 2,245 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 3,689 | 2,927 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair market value | 11,544 | 12,982 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 37,877 | $ | 35,031 | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Includes amounts committed to or reserved for certain AlpInvest funds
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 38,494 | $ | 31,767 | $ | 36,398 | $ | 28,384 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 819 | 2,821 | 7,330 | 9,268 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (1,562) | (499) | (6,155) | (2,747) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 468 | (3) | 1,273 | (871) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (342) | 945 | (969) | 997 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 37,877 | $ | 35,031 | $ | 37,877 | $ | 35,031 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period and the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
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(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, and reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees. Distributions for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM. Outflows during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also reflect the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021, which had $2.3 billion of Fee-earning AUM as of March 31, 2021.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.9 billion at September 30, 2021, a decrease of $0.6 billion compared to $38.5 billion at June 30, 2021. This was driven by outflows of $1.6 billion from distributions in our AlpInvest carry funds. This decrease was partially offset by inflows of $0.8 billion primarily from new fee-paying commitments raised, the activation of previously raised mandates, and purchases in our AlpInvest vehicles, as well as appreciation of $0.5 billion. Distributions from funds still in the commitment or weighted-average investment period do not impact Fee-earning AUM as these funds are based on commitments and not invested capital. Increases in fair value have an impact on Fee-earning AUM for Global Investment Solutions as fully committed funds are based on the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying investments.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.9 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $1.5 billion, or approximately 4%, compared to $36.4 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $7.3 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest carry funds, and $1.3 billion of appreciation. These increases were partially offset by outflows of $6.2 billion, including the sale of MRE, as well as $1.0 billion of negative foreign exchange activity from the translation of our AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM from EUR to USD.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.9 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $2.9 billion, or approximately 8%, compared to $35.0 billion at September 30, 2020. The increase was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $8.8 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest carry funds, as well as the MRE carry funds prior to the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021. Also driving the increase was $1.4 billion of appreciation primarily in our AlpInvest carry fund. This was partially offset by outflows of $7.1 billion primarily from distributions in our AlpInvest carry funds and the sale of MRE.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 64,648 | $ | 58,108 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 1,310 | 5,756 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (3,947) | (11,318) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 4,738 | 15,545 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | (1,163) | (2,505) | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 65,586 | $ | 65,586 | |||||||
(1)Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2)Outflows includes distributions in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, as well as the expiration of available capital. Outflows during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also reflect the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021, which had $2.4 billion in Total AUM as of March 31, 2021.
(3)Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, the net impact of fees, expenses and non-
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investment income, as well as other changes in AUM. The fair market values for our Global Investment Solutions primary and secondary carry funds are based on the latest available valuations of the underlying limited partnership interests as provided by their general partners which typically has a lag of up to 90 days, plus the net cash flows since the latest valuation, up to September 30, 2021.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Total AUM was $65.6 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $1.0 billion, or approximately 2%, compared to $64.6 billion at June 30, 2021. The increase was driven by $4.7 billion of market appreciation primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds and inflows of $1.3 billion billion related to fundraising in our AlpInvest funds. This was partially offset by outflows of $3.9 billion from distributions in our AlpInvest carry funds and negative foreign exchange activity of $1.2 billion from the translation of our AlpInvest Total AUM from EUR to USD.
Total AUM was $65.6 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $7.5 billion, or approximately 13%, compared to $58.1 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by $15.5 billion of market appreciation primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds and inflows of $5.8 billion related to fundraising in our AlpInvest funds. This was partially offset by outflows of $11.3 billion, including the sale of MRE, as well as $2.5 billion of negative foreign exchange activity from the translation of our AlpInvest Total AUM from EUR to USD.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our Global Investment Solutions funds that have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2021, which we refer to as our “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns. Primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on the proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
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The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Global Investment Solutions business.
| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Investment Solutions (1)(8)(13) | Vintage Year | Fund Size | Cumulative Invested Capital (2)(3) | Realized Value (3) | Remaining Fair Value(3) | Total Fair Value(3)(4) | MOIC (5) | Gross IRR (6)(10) | Net IRR (7)(10) | Net Accrued Carry/(Clawback) (12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VI - Fund Investments | 2015 | € | 1,106 | € | 1,016 | € | 727 | € | 1,321 | € | 2,047 | 2.0x | 28% | 27% | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund V - Fund Investments | 2012 | € | 5,080 | € | 5,490 | € | 5,492 | € | 6,131 | € | 11,624 | 2.1x | 21% | 20% | $ | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund IV - Fund Investments | 2009 | € | 4,877 | € | 5,513 | € | 8,154 | € | 3,965 | € | 12,119 | 2.2x | 19% | 18% | $ | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Fund Investments | 2005 | € | 11,500 | € | 12,974 | € | 20,157 | € | 2,408 | € | 22,565 | 1.7x | 10% | 10% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund II - Fund Investments | 2003 | € | 4,545 | € | 4,848 | € | 7,559 | € | 267 | € | 7,827 | 1.6x | 10% | 9% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund I - Fund Investments | 2000 | € | 5,175 | € | 4,261 | € | 6,996 | € | 65 | € | 7,061 | 1.7x | 12% | 11% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VII - Secondary Investments | 2020 | $ | 8,437 | $ | 2,051 | $ | 329 | $ | 2,328 | $ | 2,658 | 1.3x | NM | NM | $ | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||
| AlpInvest Secondaries Fund VII | 2020 | $ | 6,769 | $ | 1,440 | $ | 234 | $ | 1,638 | $ | 1,872 | 1.3x | NM | NM | $ | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VI - Secondary Investments | 2017 | $ | 6,017 | $ | 4,980 | $ | 2,088 | $ | 5,256 | $ | 7,344 | 1.5x | 19% | 16% | $ | 63 | |||||||||||||||||||
| AlpInvest Secondaries Fund VI | 2017 | $ | 3,333 | $ | 2,759 | $ | 1,096 | $ | 2,923 | $ | 4,019 | 1.5x | 18% | 15% | $ | 42 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund V - Secondary Investments | 2011 | € | 4,273 | € | 4,226 | € | 5,957 | € | 1,620 | € | 7,577 | 1.8x | 21% | 19% | $ | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||
| AlpInvest Secondaries Fund V | 2012 | $ | 756 | $ | 652 | $ | 772 | $ | 317 | $ | 1,089 | 1.7x | 18% | 14% | $ | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund IV - Secondary Investments | 2010 | € | 1,859 | € | 1,950 | € | 3,255 | € | 115 | € | 3,370 | 1.7x | 19% | 18% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Secondary Investments | 2006 | € | 2,250 | € | 2,365 | € | 3,588 | € | 54 | € | 3,642 | 1.5x | 11% | 10% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VIII - Co-Investments | 2021 | $ | 3,864 | $ | 532 | $ | — | $ | 530 | $ | 530 | 1.0x | NM | NM | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| AlpInvest Co-Investment Fund VIII | 2021 | $ | 3,614 | $ | 510 | $ | — | $ | 508 | $ | 508 | 1.0x | NM | NM | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VII - Co-Investments | 2017 | $ | 2,842 | $ | 2,635 | $ | 307 | $ | 3,944 | $ | 4,252 | 1.6x | 24% | 20% | $ | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||
| AlpInvest Co-Investment Fund VII | 2017 | $ | 1,688 | $ | 1,606 | $ | 192 | $ | 2,442 | $ | 2,634 | 1.6x | 24% | 20% | $ | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VI - Co-Investments | 2014 | € | 1,115 | € | 955 | € | 1,515 | € | 1,029 | € | 2,544 | 2.7x | 28% | 26% | $ | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund V - Co-Investments | 2012 | € | 1,124 | € | 1,044 | € | 2,471 | € | 564 | € | 3,036 | 2.9x | 29% | 27% | $ | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund IV - Co-Investments | 2010 | € | 1,475 | € | 1,352 | € | 3,300 | € | 563 | € | 3,863 | 2.9x | 24% | 22% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Co-Investments | 2006 | € | 2,760 | € | 2,785 | € | 3,809 | € | 323 | € | 4,132 | 1.5x | 6% | 5% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Mezzanine Investments | 2006 | € | 2,000 | € | 1,983 | € | 2,569 | € | 169 | € | 2,739 | 1.4x | 10% | 9% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund II - Mezzanine Investments | 2004 | € | 700 | € | 758 | € | 1,047 | € | 9 | € | 1,056 | 1.4x | 8% | 7% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds & Vehicles(9) | Various | $ | 7,290 | $ | 3,013 | $ | 7,534 | $ | 10,547 | 1.4x | 12% | 11% | $ | 73 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds & Vehicles | Various | € | 3,156 | € | 6,689 | € | 12 | € | 6,701 | 2.1x | 34% | 31% | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL GLOBAL INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS (USD)(11) | $ | 80,756 | $ | 102,112 | $ | 41,131 | $ | 143,243 | 1.8x | 14% | 13% | $ | 294 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes private equity and mezzanine primary fund investments, secondary fund investments and co-investments originated by the AlpInvest team. Excluded from the performance information shown are a) investments that were not originated by AlpInvest, b) Direct Investments, which was spun off from AlpInvest in 2005, and c) LP co-investment vehicles advised by AlpInvest. As of September 30, 2021, these excluded investments represent $2.6 billion of AUM at AlpInvest.
(2)Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund.
(3)To exclude the impact of FX, all foreign currency cash flows have been converted to the currency representing a majority of the capital committed to the relevant fund at the reporting period spot rate.
(4)Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(5)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
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(6)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on investment contributions, distributions and unrealized value of the underlying funds, before management fees, expenses and carried interest at the AlpInvest level.
(7)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund.
(8)As used herein, ‘Main Funds’ are each comprised of (i) an anchor mandate(s) (i.e., generally the largest account(s) within a strategy’s investment program) and (ii) AlpInvest’s other advisory client mandates with investment periods that fall within the relevant investment periods under the mandate of the anchor mandate(s) (but do not overlap with more than one such investment period). AlpInvest’s commingled funds, AlpInvest Secondaries Fund VI (“ASF VI”), ASF VII and AlpInvest Co-Investment Fund VII (“ACF VII”) are part of the Main Funds. Mezzanine Main Funds include mezzanine investments across all strategies (i.e., Primary Funds, Secondaries, and Co-Investments).
(9)Aggregate includes Main Fund VII - Fund Investments, Main Fund VIII - Fund Investments, Main Fund IX - Fund Investments, Main Fund X - Fund Investments, Main Fund XI - Fund Investments, Main Fund XII - Fund Investments, Main Fund IV - Mezzanine Investments, Main Fund V - Mezzanine Investments, all ‘clean technology’ private equity investments, all strategic co-investment mandates that invest in co-investment opportunities arising out of an investor’s own separate private equity relationships and invitations, all strategic capital mandates, any state-focused investment mandates, and all other investors whose investments are not reflected in a Main Fund.
(10)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is considered meaningful but is negative as of reporting period end.
(11)For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate.
(12)Represents the net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end. Total Net Accrued Carry excludes approximately $1.4 million of net accrued carry which was retained as part of the sale of MRE on April 1, 2021.
(13)"Main Fund" entries represent a combination of a commingled fund and SMA vehicles which together comprise a "program" vintage. Indented lines shown for AlpInvest Secondaries Funds VII, VI, V and AlpInvest Co-Investment Funds VII and VIII reflect a breakout of the commingled fund, which is part of the larger program vintage.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historical Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically required limited capital resources to support the working capital and operating needs of our business. Our management fees have largely covered our operating costs and all realized performance allocations, after covering the related compensation, are available for distribution to equityholders. Approximately 95% – 97% of all capital commitments to our funds are provided by our fund investors, with the remaining amount typically funded by Carlyle, our senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals.
Our Sources of Liquidity
We have multiple sources of liquidity to meet our capital needs, including cash on hand, annual cash flows, accumulated earnings and funds from our senior credit facility, which has $775.0 million of available capacity as of September 30, 2021. We believe these sources will be sufficient to fund our capital needs for at least the next twelve months.
Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were approximately $2.4 billion at September 30, 2021. However, a portion of this cash is allocated for specific business purposes, including, but not limited to, (i) performance allocations and incentive fee-related cash that has been received but not yet distributed as performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation and amounts owed to non-controlling interests; (ii) proceeds received from realized investments that are allocable to non-controlling interests; and (iii) regulatory capital.
After deducting cash amounts allocated to the specific requirements mentioned above, the remaining cash and cash equivalents, is approximately $2.2 billion as of September 30, 2021. This remaining amount will be used towards our primary liquidity needs, as outlined in the next section. This amount does not take into consideration ordinary course of business payables and reserves for specific business purposes.
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Senior Revolving Credit Facility. On February 11, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement of its senior revolving credit facility. The capacity under the revolving credit facility is $775.0 million and is scheduled to mature on February 11, 2024. Principal amounts outstanding under the amended and restated revolving credit facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 0.50%, or (b) at LIBOR plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.50% per annum (1.33% at September 30, 2021). As of September 30, 2021, there was no balance outstanding under the senior revolving credit facility.
The senior revolving credit facility is unsecured. We are required to maintain management fee earning assets (as defined in the amended and restated senior revolving credit facility) of at least $75.0 billion and a total leverage ratio of less than 3.0 to 1.0, in each case, tested on a quarterly basis. Non-compliance with any of the financial or non-financial covenants without cure or waiver would constitute an event of default under the senior revolving credit facility. An event of default resulting from a breach of certain financial or non-financial covenants may result, at the option of the lenders, in an acceleration of the principal and interest outstanding, and a termination of the senior revolving credit facility. The senior credit facility also contains other customary events of default, including defaults based on events of bankruptcy and insolvency, nonpayment of principal, interest or fees when due, breach of specified covenants, change in control and material inaccuracy of representations and warranties.
Global Credit Revolving Credit Facility. In December 2018, certain subsidiaries of the Company established a $250.0 million revolving line of credit, primarily intended to support certain lending activities within the Global Credit segment. The credit facility initially included a $125.0 million line of credit with a one-year term, which was amended in December 2020 to extend its maturity to December 2021, and a $125.0 million line of credit with a three-year term. In September 2021, the revolving line of credit was further amended to terminate the one-year line of credit, and extend the term of the three-year line of credit to September 2024 as well as increase its capacity from $125.0 million to $250.0 million. Principal amounts outstanding under the facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus applicable margin not to exceed 1.00%, or (b) at the Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 2.00%. As of September 30, 2021, there was $70.0 million balance outstanding under the revolving credit facility, which was repaid in October 2021.
CLO Borrowings. For certain of our CLOs, the Company finances a portion of its investment in the CLOs through the proceeds received from term loans and other financing arrangements with financial institutions or other financing arrangements. The Company’s outstanding CLO borrowings were $203.0 million and $356.1 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The CLO borrowings are secured by the Company’s investments in the respective CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and generally do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity. As of September 30, 2021, $184.5 million of these borrowings are secured by investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. See Note 5 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on our CLO borrowings.
Senior Notes. Certain indirect finance subsidiaries of the Company have issued senior notes, on which interest is payable semi-annually, as discussed below. The senior notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the respective subsidiary and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the Company and each of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The indentures governing each of the senior notes contain customary covenants that, among other things, limit the issuers’ and the guarantors’ ability, subject to certain exceptions, to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The notes also contain customary events of default. All or a portion of the notes may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, prior to their stated maturity, at the make-whole redemption price set forth in the notes. If a change of control repurchase event occurs, the notes are subject to repurchase at the repurchase price as set forth in the notes.
3.500% Senior Notes. In September 2019, Carlyle Finance Subsidiary L.L.C. issued $425.0 million of 3.500% senior notes due September 19, 2029 at 99.841% of par.
5.650% Senior Notes. In September 2018, Carlyle Finance L.L.C. issued $350.0 million of 5.650% senior notes due September 15, 2048 at 99.914% of par.
3.875% Senior Notes. In January 2013, Carlyle Holdings Finance L.L.C. issued $500.0 million of 3.875% senior notes due February 1, 2023 at 99.966% of par. In September 2018, we completed a tender offer to purchase $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of these notes. As of September 30, 2021, $250.0 million of these notes remain outstanding. On October 22, 2021, we announced our intention to redeem the remaining notes in whole at the make-whole redemption price as set forth in the notes, which is expected to be completed in November 2021.
5.625% Senior Notes. In March 2013, Carlyle Holdings II Finance L.L.C. issued $400.0 million of 5.625% senior notes due March 30, 2043 at 99.583% of par. In March 2014, an additional $200.0 million of these notes were issued at 104.315% of par and are treated as a single class with the already outstanding $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of these notes.
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Subordinated Notes. In May 2021, Carlyle Finance L.L.C. issued $435.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% subordinated notes due May 15, 2061. In June 2021, an additional $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of these subordinated notes were issued and are treated as a single series with the already outstanding $435.0 million aggregate principal amount. The subordinated notes are unsecured and subordinated obligations of the issuer and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a subordinated basis, by the Company, each of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and CG Subsidiary Holdings L.L.C., an indirect subsidiary of the Company. The indentures governing the subordinated notes contain customary covenants that, among other things, limit the issuers’ and the guarantors’ ability, subject to certain exceptions, to incur indebtedness ranking on a parity with the subordinated notes or indebtedness ranking junior to the subordinated notes secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease all or substantially all of their assets. The subordinated notes also contain customary events of default. All or a portion of the notes may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time on or after June 15, 2026, prior to their stated maturity, at a redemption price equal to their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. If interest due on the Subordinated Notes is deemed to no longer be deductible in the U.S., a “Tax Redemption Event”, the subordinated notes may be redeemed, in whole, but not in part, within 120 days of the occurrence of such event at a redemption price equal to their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. In addition, the subordinated notes may be redeemed, in whole, but not in part, at any time prior to May 15, 2026, within 90 days of the rating agencies determining that the Subordinated Notes should no longer receive partial equity treatment pursuant to the rating agency’s criteria, a “rating agency event”, at a redemption price equal to 102% of their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption.
Obligations of CLOs. Loans payable of the Consolidated Funds represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs. We are not liable for any loans payable of the CLOs. Several of the CLOs issued preferred shares representing the most subordinated interest, however these tranches are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity dates of the senior secured loans payable, and as a result have been classified as liabilities under U.S. GAAP, and are included in loans payable of Consolidated Funds in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Loans payable of the CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the CLOs and the assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consists of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities.
Realized Performance Allocation Revenues. Another source of liquidity we may use to meet our capital needs is the realized performance allocation revenues generated by our investment funds. Performance allocations are generally realized when an underlying investment is profitably disposed of and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return. For certain funds, performance allocations are realized once all invested capital and expenses have been returned to the fund’s investors and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return. Incentive fees earned on our CLO vehicles generally are paid upon the dissolution of such vehicles.
Our accrued performance allocations by segment as of September 30, 2021, gross and net of accrued giveback obligations, are set forth below:
| Accrued Performance Allocations | Accrued Giveback Obligation | Net Accrued Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | 6,485.7 | $ | (18.4) | $ | 6,467.3 | |||||||||||
| Global Credit | 262.8 | (6.3) | 256.5 | ||||||||||||||
Global Investment Solutions (1) | 1,351.8 | — | 1,351.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,100.3 | $ | (24.7) | $ | 8,075.6 | |||||||||||
| Plus: Accrued performance allocations from NGP Carry Funds | 2.9 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Accrued performance allocation-related compensation | (4,057.2) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Deferred taxes on certain foreign accrued performance allocations | (54.4) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net accrued performance allocations attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (5.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net accrued performance revenues before timing differences | 3,961.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less/Plus: Timing differences between the period when accrued performance allocations are realized and the period they are collected/distributed | (18.2) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net accrued performance revenues attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | 3,942.8 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
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The net accrued performance revenues attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc., excluding realized amounts, related to our carry funds and our other vehicles as of September 30, 2021, as well as the carry fund appreciation (depreciation), is set forth below by segment (Dollars in millions):
Carry Fund Appreciation/(Depreciation)(1) | Net Accrued Performance Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter-to-Date | Year-to-Date | Last Twelve Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q3 2020 | Q3 2021 | Q3 2020 | Q3 2021 | Q3 2020 | Q3 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall Carry Fund Appreciation/(Depreciation) | 5 | % | 7 | % | 2 | % | 33 | % | 4 | % | 45 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Private Equity (2): | $ | 3,510.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | 5 | % | 4 | % | 8 | % | 34 | % | 11 | % | 50 | % | 3,015.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | 3 | % | 9 | % | 4 | % | 26 | % | 6 | % | 31 | % | 411.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural Resources | 1 | % | 7 | % | (18) | % | 25 | % | (20) | % | 30 | % | 86.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit Carry Funds | 4 | % | 3 | % | (9) | % | 21 | % | (11) | % | 30 | % | 137.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Investment Solutions Carry Funds (3) | 8 | % | 10 | % | 3 | % | 39 | % | 4 | % | 48 | % | 295.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Accrued Performance Revenues | $ | 3,942.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents unrealized gain/(loss) for the period on a total return basis before fees and expenses. The percentage of return is calculated as: ending remaining investment fair market value plus net investment outflow (sales proceeds minus net purchases) minus beginning remaining investment fair market value divided by beginning remaining investment fair market value. Amounts are fund only, and do not include coinvestments.
(2) Includes $3.6 million of net accrued clawback from our Legacy Energy funds.
(3) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
Realized Principal Investment Income. Another source of liquidity we may use to meet our capital needs is the realized principal investment income generated by our equity method investments and other principal investments. Principal investment income is realized when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive or are due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Certain of the investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. (excluding certain general partner interests, strategic investments, and investments in certain CLOs) may be sold at our discretion as a source of liquidity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we sold approximately $145.9 million of investments in U.S. CLOs and used the proceeds to repay outstanding CLO borrowings (see Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
Investments as of September 30, 2021 consist of the following:
| Investments in Carlyle Funds | Investments in NGP (1) | Total | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments, excluding performance allocations | $ | 2,202.8 | $ | 375.4 | $ | 2,578.2 | |||||||||||
| Less: Amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (228.3) | — | (228.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Plus: Investments in Consolidated Funds, eliminated in consolidation | 174.0 | — | 174.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Strategic equity method investments in NGP Management | — | (372.5) | (372.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Investment in NGP general partners - accrued performance allocations | — | (2.9) | (2.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Total investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc., exclusive of NGP Management | $ | 2,148.5 | $ | — | $ | 2,148.5 | |||||||||||
(1) See Note 4 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Our investments as of September 30, 2021, can be further attributed as follows (Dollars in millions):
| Investments in Carlyle Funds, excluding CLOs: | |||||
Global Private Equity funds (1) | $ | 812.3 | |||
Global Credit funds (2) | 795.7 | ||||
Global Investment Solutions funds (3) | 69.4 | ||||
| Total investments in Carlyle Funds, excluding CLOs | 1,677.4 | ||||
| Investments in CLOs | 349.5 | ||||
| Other investments | 121.6 | ||||
| Total investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | 2,148.5 | ||||
CLO loans and other borrowings collateralized by investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. (4) | (184.5) | ||||
| Total investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc., net of CLO loans and other borrowings | $ | 1,964.0 | |||
(1) Excludes our strategic equity method investment in NGP Management and investments in NGP general partners - accrued performance allocations.
(2) Includes the Company’s investment in Fortitude Re, which was contributed to Carlyle FRL, a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund, in June 2020 as discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. This investment has a carrying value of $655.7 million as of September 30, 2021.
(3) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
(4) Of the $203.0 million in total CLO borrowings as of September 30, 2021 and as disclosed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, $184.5 million are collateralized by investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. The remaining $18.5 million in total CLO borrowings are collateralized by investments attributable to non-controlling interests.
Our Liquidity Needs
We generally use our working capital and cash flows to invest in growth initiatives, service our debt, fund the working capital needs of our business and investment funds and pay dividends to our common stockholders.
In the future, we expect that our primary liquidity needs will be to:
•provide capital to facilitate the growth of our existing business lines;
•provide capital to facilitate our expansion into new, complementary business lines, including acquisitions;
•pay operating expenses, including compensation and compliance costs and other obligations as they arise;
•fund costs of litigation and contingencies, including related legal costs;
•fund the capital investments of Carlyle in our funds;
•fund capital expenditures;
•repay borrowings and related interest costs and expenses;
•pay earnouts and contingent cash consideration associated with our acquisitions and strategic investments;
•pay income taxes, including corporate income taxes following the Conversion;
•pay dividends to our common stockholders in accordance with our dividend policy;
•make installment payments under the deferred obligation to former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units,
which were exchanged in the Conversion, and;
•repurchase our common stock.
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Common Stockholder Dividends. Our intention is to pay dividends to holders of our common stock in an amount of $0.25 per share of common stock ($1.00 per share annually), subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and compliance with applicable law. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any dividends we pay following the Conversion generally will be treated as qualified dividend income (generally taxable to U.S. individual stockholders at capital gain rates) paid by a domestic corporation to the extent paid out of or current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, with any excess dividends treated as return of capital to the extent of the stockholder’s basis. The declaration and payment of dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors, and our dividend policy may be changed at any time.
With respect to distribution year 2021, the Board of Directors has declared a dividend to common stockholders totaling approximately $267.2 million, or $0.75 per share, consisting of the following:
| Common Stock Dividends - Dividend Year 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarter | Dividend per Common Share | Dividend to Common Stockholders | Record Date | Payment Date | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2021 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 88.7 | May 11, 2021 | May 19, 2021 | |||||||||||
| Q2 2021 | 0.25 | 89.3 | August 10, 2021 | August 17, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Q3 2021 | 0.25 | 89.2 | November 9, 2021 | November 17, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 0.75 | $ | 267.2 | |||||||||||||
With respect to distribution year 2020, the Board of Directors declared cumulative dividends to common stockholders totaling approximately $352.6 million, consisting of the following:
| Common Stock Dividends - Dividend Year 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarter | Dividend per Common Share | Dividend to Common Stockholders | Record Date | Payment Date | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2020 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 87.2 | May 12, 2020 | May 19, 2020 | |||||||||||
| Q2 2020 | 0.25 | 88.3 | August 11, 2020 | August 18, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Q3 2020 | 0.25 | 88.4 | November 10, 2020 | November 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Q4 2020 | 0.25 | 88.7 | February 16, 2021 | February 23, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1.00 | $ | 352.6 | |||||||||||||
Dividends to common stockholders paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $266.7 million, including the amount paid in February 2021 of $0.25 per common share in respect of the fourth quarter of 2020. Dividends to common stockholders paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $262.9 million, including the amount paid in February 2020 of $0.25 per common share in respect of the fourth quarter of 2019.
Fund Commitments. Generally, we intend to have Carlyle commit to fund approximately 0.75% of the capital commitments to our future carry funds, although we may elect to invest additional amounts in funds focused on new investment areas. We may, from time to time, exercise our right to purchase additional interests in our investment funds that become available in the ordinary course of their operations. We expect our senior Carlyle professionals and employees to continue to make significant capital contributions to our funds based on their existing commitments, and to make capital commitments to future funds consistent with the level of their historical commitments. We also intend to make investments in our open-end funds and our CLO vehicles. Our investments in our European CLO vehicles will comply with the risk retention rules as discussed in “Risk Retention Rules” later in this section.
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Since our inception through September 30, 2021, we and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals have invested or committed to invest in or alongside our funds. Approximately 3% to 5% of all capital commitments to our funds are funded collectively by us and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals. The current unfunded commitment of Carlyle and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals to our investment funds as of September 30, 2021, consisted of the following (Dollars in millions):
| Asset Class | Unfunded Commitment | ||||
| Global Private Equity | $ | 3,766.8 | |||
| Global Credit | 342.9 | ||||
| Global Investment Solutions | 292.7 | ||||
| Total | $ | 4,402.4 | |||
A substantial majority of the remaining commitments are expected to be funded by senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals through our internal co-investment program. Of the $4.4 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $3.9 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Company.
Repurchase Program. In December 2018, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common stock and/or Carlyle Holdings units. In connection with the Conversion, in January 2020 our Board of Directors re-authorized the repurchase program with regard to our common stock. In February 2021, the Board of Directors replenished the repurchase program to its limit of $200 million of common stock in aggregate from its maximum remaining repurchase amount of $139.1 million. This program authorizes the repurchase of shares of common stock from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we paid an aggregate of $84.5 million to repurchase and retire approximately 1.9 million shares of common stock with all of the repurchases done via open market and brokered transactions. As of September 30, 2021, $115.5 million of repurchase capacity remains under the program. In October 2021, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of common stock, which will replace the authorization provided in February 2021 effective January 1, 2022.
Cash Flows
The significant captions and amounts from our consolidated statements of cash flows which include the effects of our Consolidated Funds and CLOs in accordance with U.S. GAAP are summarized below.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Statements of Cash Flows Data | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, including investments in Carlyle funds | $ | 1,302.4 | $ | (110.6) | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (17.8) | (37.3) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 157.9 | 252.1 | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | (26.2) | 6.6 | |||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 1,416.3 | $ | 110.8 | |||||||
Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Operating Activities. Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities includes the investment activity of our Consolidated Funds. Excluding this activity, net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by our earnings in the respective periods after adjusting for significant non-cash activity, including non-cash performance allocations and incentive fees, the related non-cash performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation, non-cash equity-based compensation, and depreciation, amortization and impairments, all of which are included in earnings.
Cash flows from operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excluding the activities of our Consolidated Funds, were $1,484.9 million and $491.3 million, respectively. Operating cash inflows primarily include the receipt of management fees, realized performance allocations and incentive fees, while operating cash outflows primarily include payments for operating expenses, including compensation and general, administrative, and other expenses and income taxes. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, net cash provided by operating activities primarily included the receipt of management fees and realized performance allocations and incentive fees, totaling approximately $2.9 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively. These inflows were offset by payments for compensation and general, administrative and
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other expenses of approximately $1.8 billion and $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Cash used to purchase investments as well as the proceeds from the sale of such investments are also reflected in our operating activities as investments are a normal part of our operating activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, investment proceeds were $533.8 million while investment purchases were $178.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, investment proceeds were $233.6 million as compared to purchases of $293.7 million.
The net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 also reflects the investment activity of our Consolidated Funds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, purchases of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $3,864.4 million, while proceeds from the sales and settlements of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $3,631.7 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, purchases of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $2,049.1 million, while proceeds from the sales and settlements of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $1,571.4 million.
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities. Our investing activities generally reflect cash used for acquisitions, fixed assets and software for internal use. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, cash used in investing activities principally reflects purchases of fixed assets, partially offset by proceeds received from the sales of MRE and our Brazil management entity of $5.9 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Purchases of fixed assets were $27.0 million and $37.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excluding the activities of our Consolidated Funds, was $(31.4) million and $(341.5) million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company received proceeds of $484.1 million from the issuance of subordinated notes, and made $144.0 million of net repayments on borrowings used to finance a portion of our investments in the CLOs. We borrowed $70.0 million in borrowings under the Global Credit revolving credit facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was fully repaid in October 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $287.1 million from borrowings and made $300.6 million in repayments under the revolving credit facilities. The Company also paid $68.8 million in both January 2020 and 2021, representing the first and second annual installments of the deferred consideration payable to former Carlyle Holdings unitholders in connection with the Conversion.
Dividends paid to our common stockholders were $266.7 million and $262.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company paid $84.5 million and $26.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to repurchase and retire 1.9 million and 1.1 million shares, respectively.
The net borrowings (payments) on loans payable by our Consolidated Funds during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $165.2 million and $594.6 million, respectively. Contributions from non-controlling interest holders were $57.2 million and $24.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which relate primarily to contributions from the non-controlling interest holders in Consolidated Funds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, distributions to non-controlling interest holders were $76.3 million and $53.5 million, respectively, which relate primarily to distributions to the non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries.
Our Balance Sheet
Total assets were $20.8 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $5.1 billion from December 31, 2020. The increase in total assets was primarily attributable to a $3.3 billion increase in investments, including performance allocations and an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $1.4 billion. The increase in investments, including performance allocations, was largely driven by appreciation across our portfolio. The increase in cash was primarily due to the issuance of $500 million in subordinated notes and the receipt of management fees and realized performance revenues, partially offset by the payment of deferred consideration related to our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners, payment of the second installment of deferred consideration to the former Carlyle Holdings unitholders, and payments for bonuses and payroll, dividends and income taxes. Cash and cash equivalents were approximately $2.4 billion and $1.0 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Total liabilities were $15.8 billion at September 30, 2021, an increase of $3.0 billion from December 31, 2020. The increase in liabilities was primarily attributable to an increase in accrued compensation and benefits of $1.5 billion due to the corresponding increase in accrued performance allocations as well as an increase in debt obligations of $399.8 million driven by the issuance of $500 million in subordinated notes, partially offset by the repayment of our U.S. CLO term loans.
The assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the assets of the Consolidated Funds are not available to meet our liquidity requirements and similarly the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are non-recourse to us. For example, as previously discussed, the CLO term loans generally are secured by
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the Company’s investment in the CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity.
Our balance sheet without the effect of the Consolidated Funds can be seen in Note 16 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. At September 30, 2021, our total assets without the effect of the Consolidated Funds were $14.2 billion, including cash and cash equivalents of $2.4 billion and net accrued performance revenues of $3.9 billion.
Unconsolidated Entities
Certain of our funds have entered into lines of credit secured by their investors’ unpaid capital commitments or by a pledge of the equity of the underlying investment. These lines of credit are used primarily to reduce the overall number of capital calls to investors or for working capital needs. In certain instances, however, they may be used for other investment related activities, including serving as bridge financing for investments. The degree of leverage employed varies among our funds.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including sponsoring and owning limited or general partner interests in consolidated and non-consolidated funds, entering into derivative transactions, and entering into guarantee arrangements. We also have ongoing capital commitment arrangements with certain of our consolidated and non-consolidated funds. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that would require us to fund losses or guarantee target returns to investors in any of our other investment funds.
For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 2 and Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth information relating to our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2021 on a consolidated basis and on a basis excluding the obligations of the Consolidated Funds:
| Oct. 1, 2021 to Dec. 31, 2021 | 2022-2023 | 2024-2025 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations (1) | $ | — | $ | 270.7 | $ | 87.6 | $ | 2,039.7 | $ | 2,398.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payable (2) | 26.8 | 204.5 | 193.6 | 1,914.7 | 2,339.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consideration (3) | 1.5 | 185.5 | 94.0 | — | 281.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations (4) | 15.7 | 125.4 | 112.8 | 433.4 | 687.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital commitments to Carlyle funds (5) | 4,465.3 | — | — | — | 4,465.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax receivable agreement payments (6) | — | 23.2 | 6.3 | 68.5 | 98.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds (7) | 24.4 | 193.6 | 193.9 | 6,610.2 | 7,022.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded commitments of the CLOs (8) | 8.5 | — | — | — | 8.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated contractual obligations | 4,542.2 | 1,002.9 | 688.2 | 11,066.5 | 17,299.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds (7) | (24.4) | (193.6) | (193.9) | (6,610.2) | (7,022.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital commitments to Carlyle funds (5) | (3,888.2) | — | — | — | (3,888.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded commitments of the CLOs (8) | (8.5) | — | — | — | (8.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Operating Entities contractual obligations | $ | 621.1 | $ | 809.3 | $ | 494.3 | $ | 4,456.3 | $ | 6,381.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)The table above assumes that no prepayments are made on the senior and subordinated notes and that the outstanding balances, if any, on the senior credit facility and Global Credit revolving credit facility are repaid on the maturity dates of credit facilities, which are February 2024 and September 2024, respectively. The CLO term loans are included in the table above based on the earlier of the stated maturity date or the date the CLO is expected to be dissolved. See Note 5 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the various maturity dates of the CLO term loans, senior notes and subordinated notes
(2)The interest rates on the debt obligations as of September 30, 2021 consist of: 3.500% on $425.0 million of senior notes, 5.650% on $350.0 million of senior notes, 3.875% on $250.0 million of senior notes, 5.625% on $600.0 million of senior notes, 4.625% on $500.0 million of subordinated notes, 2.085% on $70.0 million under the Global Credit revolving credit facility, and a range of approximately 1.36% to 8.11% for our CLO term loans. Interest payments assume that no prepayments are made and loans are held until maturity with the exception of the CLO term loans, which are based on the earlier of the stated maturity date or the date the CLO is expected to be dissolved.
(3)These obligations represent our estimate of amounts to be paid on the contingent cash obligations associated with our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners and other obligations, as well as the deferred payment obligations described below. In connection with the Conversion, former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units will receive cash payments aggregating to approximately $344 million, which is equivalent to $1.50 per Carlyle Holdings partnership unit exchanged in the Conversion, payable in five annual installments of $0.30, the second of which occurred during the first quarter of 2021. The payment obligations are unsecured obligations of the Company or a subsidiary thereof, subordinated in right of payment to indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, and do not bear interest.
(4)We lease office space in various countries around the world and maintain our headquarters in Washington, D.C., where we entered into an amended non-cancelable lease agreement expiring on March 31, 2030. We entered into a new non-cancelable lease agreement expiring in 2036 for new office space in New York City. Our office leases in other locations expire in various years through 2032. The amounts in this table represent the minimum lease payments required over the term of the lease.
(5)These obligations generally represent commitments by us to fund a portion of the purchase price paid for each investment made by our funds. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category. A substantial majority of these investments is expected to be funded by senior Carlyle professionals and other professionals through our internal co-investment program. Of the $4.4 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $3.9 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Company.
(6)In connection with our initial public offering, we entered into a tax receivable agreement with the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships whereby we agreed to pay such limited partners 85% of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax realized as a result of increases in tax basis resulting from exchanges of Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units of The Carlyle Group L.P. From and after the consummation of the Conversion, former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units do not have any rights to payments under the tax receivable agreement except for payment obligations pre-existing at the time of the Conversion with respect to exchanges that occurred prior to the Conversion. These obligations are more than offset by the future cash tax savings that we are expected to realize.
(7)These obligations represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the consolidated CLO vehicles. These obligations include interest to be paid on debt securities issued by the consolidated CLO vehicles. Interest payments assume that no prepayments are made and loans are held until maturity. For debt securities with rights only to the residual value of the CLO and no stated interest, no interest payments were included in this calculation. Interest payments on variable-rate debt securities are based on interest rates in effect as of September 30, 2021, at spreads to market rates pursuant to the debt agreements, and range from 0.30% to 8.89%.
(8)These obligations represent commitments of the CLOs to fund certain investments. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category.
Excluded from the table above are liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $25.6 million at September 30, 2021 as we are unable to estimate when such amounts may be paid.
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Contingent Cash Payments For Business Acquisitions and Strategic Investments
We have certain contingent cash obligations associated with our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners and our strategic investment in Fortitude Re. For our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners, the contingent cash payments relate to an earn-out of up to $150.0 million that is payable upon the achievement of certain revenue and earnings performance targets during 2020 through 2025, which are accounted for as compensation expense. We accrue the compensation liability over the service period. If earned, payments would be made in the year following the performance year to which the payments relate. In March 2021, we paid $49.9 million related to the Carlyle Aviation Partners earn-out for the performance period ended December 31, 2020.
For our strategic investment in Fortitude Re, the contingent cash payments relate to performance-based contingent cash consideration payable to Carlyle FRL for further payment to AIG following December 31, 2023. Based on the terms of the underlying contracts, the maximum amount that could be paid from contingent cash obligations associated with the acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners and the strategic investment in Fortitude Re as of September 30, 2021 is $195.1 million versus the amounts recognized on the balance sheet of $123.2 million.
Risk Retention Rules
We will continue to comply with the risk retention rules governing CLOs issued in Europe for which we are a sponsor, which require a combination of capital from our balance sheet, commitments from senior Carlyle professionals, and/or third party financing.
Guarantees
See Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to all of our material guarantees.
Indemnifications
In many of our service contracts, we agree to indemnify the third-party service provider under certain circumstances. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract, and the amount of indemnification liability, if any, cannot be determined and has not been included in the table above or recorded in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2021. See Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to indemnifications.
Other Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to litigation, investigations, inquiries, employment-related matters, disputes and other potential claims. We discuss certain of these matters in Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Carlyle Common Stock
A rollforward of our common stock outstanding from December 31, 2020 through September 30, 2021 is as follows:
| Shares as of December 31, 2020 | Shares Issued | Shares Forfeited | Shares Repurchased / Retired | Shares as of September 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. common shares | 353,520,576 | 4,868,271 | — | (1,861,321) | 356,527,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares of The Carlyle Group Inc. common stock issued during the period from December 31, 2020 through September 30, 2021 relate to the vesting of the Company’s restricted stock units and shares issued and delivered in connection with our equity method investment in NGP during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
The total shares as of September 30, 2021 as shown above exclude approximately 0.1 million common shares in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units subsequent to September 30, 2021 that will participate in the common shareholder dividend that will be paid November 17, 2021.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment advisor to our investment funds and the sensitivities to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, incentive fees and investment income, including performance allocations. Although our investment funds share many common themes, each of our asset management asset classes runs its own investment and risk management processes, subject to our
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overall risk tolerance and philosophy. The investment process of our investment funds involves a comprehensive due diligence approach, including review of reputation of shareholders and management, company size and sensitivity of cash flow generation, business sector and competitive risks, portfolio fit, exit risks and other key factors highlighted by the deal team. Key investment decisions are subject to approval by both the fund-level managing directors, as well as the investment committee, which is generally comprised of one or more of the three founding partners, one “sector” head, one or more operating executives and senior investment professionals associated with that particular fund. Once an investment in a portfolio company has been made, our fund teams closely monitor the performance of the portfolio company, generally through frequent contact with management and the receipt of financial and management reports.
There was no material change in our market risks during the three months ended September 30, 2021. For additional information, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required with respect to this item can be found under “Legal Matters” in Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this quarterly report, and such information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2021 for the periods indicated:
| Period | (a) Total number of shares purchased | (b) Average price paid per share | (c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | (d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except unit and per unit data) | ||||||||||||||
| July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 (1) | — | $ | — | — | $ | 175.0 | ||||||||
| August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021 (1)(2) | 1,104,428 | $ | 48.19 | 1,104,428 | $ | 121.8 | ||||||||
| September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021 (1)(2) | 126,760 | $ | 49.74 | 126,760 | $ | 115.5 | ||||||||
| Total | 1,231,188 | 1,231,188 | ||||||||||||
(1)In December 2018, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common stock and/or Carlyle Holdings units. In January 2020 our Board of Directors re-authorized the December 2018 repurchase program with regard to our common stock, and in February 2021, our Board of Directors replenished the repurchase program to its limit of $200 million of common stock in the aggregate. The timing and actual number of shares of common stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. In October 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of common stock, which will replace the authorization provided in February 2021 effective January 1, 2022, and is not reflected in the table above.
(2)All of the shares of common stock purchased during this period were purchased in open market and brokered transactions and were subsequently retired.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report:
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||
| 3.1 | |||||
| 3.2 | |||||
| 3.3 | |||||
| 22 | |||||
| 31.1 * | |||||
| 31.2 * | |||||
| 32.1 * | |||||
| 32.2 * | |||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | ||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 104 | The cover page from The Carlyle Group Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments). | ||||
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
| + | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which directors and/or executive officers are eligible to participate. | ||||
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||||||||||||||
| Date: October 28, 2021 | By: | /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||||||||||||
| Name: | Curtis L. Buser | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer) | ||||||||||||||
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Exhibit 31.1
I, Kewsong Lee, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 of The Carlyle Group Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: October 28, 2021 | ||
| /s/ Kewsong Lee | ||
| Kewsong Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Exhibit 31.2
I, Curtis L. Buser, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 of The Carlyle Group Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: October 28, 2021 | ||
| /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
(Principal Financial Officer) | ||
Exhibit 32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kewsong Lee, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Kewsong Lee | ||
| Kewsong Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
Date: October 28, 2021
| * | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. | ||||
Exhibit 32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Curtis L. Buser, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
Date: October 28, 2021
| * | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. | ||||