UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2020
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number: 001-35538
The Carlyle Group Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(202 ) 729-5626
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
As of October 28, 2020, there were 353,269,793 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – September 30, 2020 and 2019: | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
1
Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, contingencies, our dividend policy, our expectations regarding the impact of COVID-19, and other non-historical statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements including, but not limited to, those described under the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 12, 2020 and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on April 30, 2020, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Website and Social Media Disclosure
We use our website (www.carlyle.com), our corporate Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/onecarlyle/), our corporate Twitter account (@OneCarlyle or www.twitter.com/onecarlyle), our corporate Instagram account (@onecarlyle or www.instagram.com/onecarlyle), our corporate LinkedIn account (www.linkedin.com/company/the-carlyle-group) and our corporate YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/user/onecarlyle) as channels of distribution of material company information. For example, financial and other material information regarding our company is routinely posted on and accessible at www.carlyle.com. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Carlyle when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alert Subscription” section at http://ir.carlyle.com/email-alerts. The contents of our website and social media channels are not, however, a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are not incorporated by reference herein.
On January 1, 2020, we completed our conversion from a Delaware limited partnership named The Carlyle Group L.P. into a Delaware Corporation named The Carlyle Group Inc. Pursuant to the Conversion, at the specified effective time on January 1, 2020, each common unit of The Carlyle Group L.P. outstanding immediately prior to the effective time converted into one share of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. and each special voting unit and general partner unit was canceled for no consideration. In addition, holders of the partnership units in Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P. exchanged such units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock and certain other restructuring steps occurred (the conversion, together with such restructuring steps and related transactions, the “Conversion”).
Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this report to “Carlyle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer (i) prior to the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) from and after the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to our common stock or shares in periods prior to the Conversion refer to the common units of The Carlyle Group L.P. When we refer to our “senior Carlyle professionals,” we are referring to the partner-level personnel of our firm. References in this report to the ownership of the senior Carlyle professionals include the ownership of personal planning vehicles of these individuals. When we refer to the “Carlyle Holdings partnerships” or “Carlyle Holdings”, we are referring to Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P., which prior to the Conversion were the holding partnerships through which the Company and our senior Carlyle professionals and other holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units owned their respective interests in our business.
“Carlyle funds,” “our funds” and “our investment funds” refer to the investment funds and vehicles advised by Carlyle.
“Carry funds” generally refers to closed-end investment vehicles, in which commitments are drawn down over a specified investment period, and in which the general partner receives a special residual allocation of income from limited partners, which we refer to as carried interest, in the event that specified investment returns are achieved by the fund.
2
Disclosures referring to carry funds will also include the impact of certain commitments which do not earn carried interest, but are either part of, or associated with our carry funds. The rate of carried interest, as well as the share of carried interest allocated to Carlyle, may vary across the carry fund platform. Carry funds generally include the following investment vehicles across our four business segments:
•Corporate Private Equity: Buyout, middle market and growth capital funds advised by Carlyle
•Real Assets: Real estate, power, infrastructure and energy funds advised by Carlyle, as well as certain energy funds advised by our strategic partner NGP Energy Capital Management (“NGP”) in which Carlyle is entitled to receive a share of carried interest (“NGP Carry Funds”)
•Global Credit: Distressed credit, energy credit, opportunistic credit, corporate mezzanine funds, aircraft financing and servicing, and other closed-end credit funds advised by Carlyle
•Investment Solutions: Funds and vehicles advised by AlpInvest Partners B.V. (“AlpInvest”) and Metropolitan Real Estate Equity Management, LLC (“Metropolitan”), which include primary fund, secondary and co-investment strategies
Carry funds specifically exclude certain funds advised by NGP in which Carlyle is not entitled to receive a share of carried interest (or “NGP Predecessor Funds”), collateralized loan obligation vehicles (“CLOs”), business development companies and direct lending managed accounts, as well as capital raised from third-party investors to acquire a 76.6% interest in Fortitude Holdings.
For an explanation of the fund acronyms used throughout this Quarterly Report, refer to “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Our Family of Funds.”
“Fee-earning assets under management” or “Fee-earning AUM” refers to the assets we manage or advise from which we derive recurring fund management fees. Our Fee-earning AUM is generally based on one of the following, once fees have been activated:
(a)the amount of limited partner capital commitments, generally for carry funds where the original investment period has not expired, for AlpInvest carry funds during the commitment fee period and for Metropolitan carry funds during the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds;
(b)the remaining amount of limited partner invested capital at cost, generally for carry funds and certain co-investment vehicles where the original investment period has expired, Metropolitan carry funds after the expiration of the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds, and one of our business development companies;
(c)the amount of aggregate fee-earning collateral balance of our CLOs and other securitization vehicles, as defined in the fund indentures (typically exclusive of equities and defaulted positions) as of the quarterly cut-off date;
(d)the external investor portion of the net asset value of our open-ended funds (pre-redemptions and subscriptions), as well as certain carry funds;
(e)the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), excluding cash and cash equivalents, of one of our business development companies and certain carry funds; or
(f)the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital, generally for AlpInvest carry funds where the commitment fee period has expired and certain carry funds where the investment period has expired.
“Assets under management” or “AUM” refers to the assets we manage or advise. Our AUM generally equals the sum of the following:
(a) the aggregate fair value of our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles (including Carlyle commitments to those funds and vehicles and those of senior Carlyle professionals and employees) pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those funds and vehicles;
(b) the amount of aggregate collateral balance and principal cash or aggregate principal amount of the notes of our CLOs and other structured products (inclusive of all positions);
(c) the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our open-ended funds; and
(d) the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage) of our business development companies, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those vehicles pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those vehicles.
3
We include in our calculation of AUM and Fee-earning AUM certain energy and renewable resources funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone Holdings L.L.C. (“Riverstone”), the NGP Predecessor Funds and NGP Carry Funds (collectively, the “NGP Energy Funds”) that are advised by NGP, as well as capital raised from third-party investors to acquire a 76.6% interest in Fortitude Holdings.
For most of our carry funds, total AUM includes the fair value of the capital invested, whereas Fee-earning AUM includes the amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital, depending on whether the original investment period for the fund has expired. As such, Fee-earning AUM may be greater than total AUM when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
Our calculations of AUM and Fee-earning AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. In addition, our calculation of AUM (but not Fee-earning AUM) includes uncalled commitments to, and the fair value of invested capital in, our investment funds from Carlyle and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to management fees, incentive fees or performance allocations. Our calculations of AUM or Fee-earning AUM are not based on any definition of AUM or Fee-earning AUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage or advise.
4
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in millions)
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
Investments, including accrued performance allocations of $ | |||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | |||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued giveback obligations | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
Partners’ capital (common units, | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings (deficit) | ( | ||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes.
5
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except share and per share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (loss) of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Unitholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Units redemption premium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. per common share (see Note 11) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Substantially all revenue is earned from affiliates of the Company. See accompanying notes.
6
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) for the period | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: reclassification adjustment for gain during the period, included in cash-based compensation and benefits expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
7
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions)
| Common Units | Common Shares | Partners’ Capital | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in-Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Non- controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Units | Common Shares | Partners’ Capital | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in-Capital | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Non- controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification resulting from Conversion - Partners' Capital | ( | ( | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification resulting from Conversion - Non-controlling Interest in Carlyle Holdings | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effects resulting from Conversion | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of Consolidated Entities | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8
| Common Units | Preferred Equity | Partners’ Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Non- controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings | Total Partners’ Capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reallocation of ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Carlyle Holdings units for common units | — | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Units repurchased | ( | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax effects resulting from acquisition of interests in Carlyle Holdings | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of common units for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | ( | ( | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of preferred units (see Note 12) | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of a Consolidated Entity | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Units | Preferred Equity | Partners’ Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities | Non- controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings | Total Partners’ Capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reallocation of ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Carlyle Holdings units for common units | — | ( | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Units repurchased | ( | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax effects resulting from acquisition of interests in Carlyle Holdings | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of common units for equity-based awards | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | ( | ( | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of preferred units (see Note 12) | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of a Consolidated Entity | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
9
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Non-cash performance allocations and incentive fees | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-cash principal investment (income) loss | ( | ||||||||||
| Other non-cash amounts | ( | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Funds related: | |||||||||||
| Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on investments of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Realized/unrealized (gain) loss from loans payable of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Purchases of investments by Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale and settlements of investments by Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Non-cash interest income, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in other receivables held at Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in other liabilities held at Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Other non-cash amounts of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payment of purchase price adjustment in Fortitude Re | ( | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of investments | |||||||||||
| Changes in deferred taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Change in due from affiliates and other receivables | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in deposits and other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Change in due to affiliates | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Borrowings under credit facilities | |||||||||||
| Repayments under credit facilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
Issuance of | |||||||||||
| Repayment of term loan | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments on debt obligations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from debt obligations, net of financing costs | |||||||||||
| Net borrowings (payments) on loans payable of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Dividends to common stockholders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Distributions to preferred unitholders | ( | ||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling interest holders in Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||
| Payment of deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units | ( | ||||||||||
| Contributions from non-controlling interest holders | |||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling interest holders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Common shares repurchased | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in due to/from affiliates financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | ( | ||||||||||
| Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental non-cash disclosures | |||||||||||
| Tax effects from the conversion to a Corporation recorded in equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net increase in partners’ capital and accumulated other comprehensive income related to reallocation of ownership interest in Carlyle Holdings | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-cash distributions to non-controlling interest holders | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Net asset impact of deconsolidation of Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Tax effect from acquisition of Carlyle Holdings partnership units: | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax asset | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Tax receivable agreement liability | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total partners’ capital | $ | $ | |||||||||
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes.
10
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Effective on January 1, 2020, The Carlyle Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation named The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Conversion”). As a result of the Conversion, each common unit was converted into a share of common stock. Under the laws of its incorporation, The Carlyle Group Inc. is deemed to be the same entity as The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Partnership”). Unless the context suggests otherwise, references to “Carlyle” or the “Company,” refer to (i) The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Conversion and (ii) The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Conversion. Because the Conversion became effective January 1, 2020, the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and related notes reflect the results of a partnership, and not a corporation.
Prior to the Conversion, the Company recorded significant non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P. and Carlyle Holdings III L.P. (collectively, “Carlyle Holdings”), the holdings partnerships through which the Company and senior Carlyle professionals and other holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units owned their respective interests in the business. In the Conversion, the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships exchanged their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. As a result, in periods following the Conversion, the consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations of The Carlyle Group Inc. does not reflect any non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings, and net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings refers to the net income (loss) of The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, net of non-controlling interests in consolidated entities.
Carlyle is one of the world’s largest global investment firms that originates, structures, and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, growth capital financings, real estate opportunities, bank loans, high-yield debt, distressed assets, mezzanine debt, and other investment opportunities. Carlyle provides investment management services to, and has transactions with, various private equity funds, real estate funds, private credit funds, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and other investment products sponsored by the Company for the investment of client assets in the normal course of business. Carlyle typically serves as the general partner, investment manager or collateral manager, making day-to-day investment decisions concerning the assets of these products. Carlyle operates its business through four reportable segments: Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, Global Credit, and Investment Solutions (see Note 14).
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. In addition, certain Carlyle-affiliated funds, related external co-investment entities, and certain CLOs managed by the Company (collectively the “Consolidated Funds”) have been consolidated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), as described in Note 2. The consolidation of the Consolidated Funds generally has a gross-up effect on assets, liabilities and cash flows, and generally has no effect on the net income attributable to the Company. The economic ownership interests of the other investors in the Consolidated Funds are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated entities in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 2).
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. These statements, including notes, have not been audited, exclude some of the disclosures required for annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods presented.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates all entities that it controls either through a majority voting interest or as the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”).
The Company evaluates (1) whether it holds a variable interest in an entity, (2) whether the entity is a VIE, and (3) whether the Company’s involvement would make it the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether the Company holds a
11
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
variable interest, fees (including management fees, incentive fees and performance allocations) that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, are not considered variable interests. The Company considers all economic interests, including indirect interests, to determine if a fee is considered a variable interest.
For those entities where the Company holds a variable interest, the Company determines whether each of these entities qualifies as a VIE and, if so, whether or not the Company is the primary beneficiary. The assessment of whether the entity is a VIE is generally performed qualitatively, which requires judgment. These judgments include: (a) determining whether the equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) evaluating whether the equity holders, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the economic performance of the entity, (c) determining whether two or more parties’ equity interests should be aggregated, and (d) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive returns from an entity.
For entities that are determined to be VIEs, the Company consolidates those entities where it has concluded it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is defined as the variable interest holder with (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by the Company.
As of September 30, 2020, assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIEs reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets were $5.9 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively. Except to the extent of the consolidated assets of the VIEs, the holders of the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities generally do not have recourse to the Company.
Substantially all of the Company’s Consolidated Funds are CLOs, which are VIEs that issue loans payable that are backed by diversified collateral asset portfolios consisting primarily of loans or structured debt. In exchange for managing the collateral for the CLOs, the Company earns investment management fees, including in some cases subordinated management fees and contingent incentive fees. In cases where the Company consolidates the CLOs (primarily because of a retained interest that is significant to the CLO), those management fees have been eliminated as intercompany transactions. As of September 30, 2020, the Company held $144.9 million of investments in these CLOs which represents its maximum risk of loss. The Company’s investments in these CLOs are generally subordinated to other interests in the entities and entitle the Company to receive a pro rata portion of the residual cash flows, if any, from the entities. Investors in the CLOs have no recourse against the Company for any losses sustained in the CLO structure.
Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally assessed for consolidation as voting interest entities. Under the voting interest entity model, the Company consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest.
All significant inter-entity transactions and balances of entities consolidated have been eliminated.
Investments in Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated because the Company is not the primary beneficiary, including its investments in certain CLOs and strategic investment in NGP Management Company, L.L.C. (“NGP Management” and, together with its affiliates, “NGP”). Refer to Note 4 for information on the strategic investment in NGP. The Company’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct equity interests and fee arrangements. The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by the Company relating to its variable interests in these unconsolidated entities.
12
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The assets recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets related to the Company’s variable interests in these non-consolidated VIEs were as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Investments | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued performance revenues | |||||||||||
| Management fee receivables | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
These amounts represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the unconsolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Basis of Accounting
The accompanying financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management has determined that the Company’s Funds are investment companies under U.S. GAAP for the purposes of financial reporting. U.S. GAAP for an investment company requires investments to be recorded at estimated fair value and the unrealized gains and/or losses in an investment’s fair value are recognized on a current basis in the statements of operations. Additionally, the Funds do not consolidate their majority-owned and controlled investments (the “Portfolio Companies”). In the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has retained the specialized accounting for the Funds.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s estimates are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. It also requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. Assumptions and estimates regarding the valuation of investments and their resulting impact on performance allocations involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity and these assumptions and estimates may be significant to the consolidated financial statements and the resulting impact on performance allocations and incentive fees. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Contingent consideration obligations that are elements of consideration transferred are recognized as of the acquisition date as part of the fair value transferred in exchange for the acquired business. Acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 includes a five-step framework that requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, which includes assessing the collectibility of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
13
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company accounts for performance allocations that represent a performance-based capital allocation from fund limited partners to the Company (commonly known as “carried interest”, which comprises substantially all of the Company’s previously reported performance fee revenues) as earnings from financial assets within the scope of ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and therefore are not in the scope of ASC 606. In accordance with ASC 323, the Company records equity method income (losses) as a component of investment income based on the change in its proportionate claim on net assets of the investment fund, including performance allocations, assuming the investment fund was liquidated as of each reporting date pursuant to each fund’s governing agreements. See Note 4 for additional information on the components of investments and investment income. Performance fees that do not meet the definition of performance-based capital allocations are in the scope of ASC 606 and are included in incentive fees in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The calculation of unrealized performance revenues utilizes investment valuations of the funds’ underlying investments, which are derived using the policies, methodologies and templates prepared by the Company’s valuation group, as described in Note 3, Fair Value Measurement.
While the determination of who is the customer in a contractual arrangement will be made on a contract-by-contract basis, the customer will generally be the investment fund for the Company’s significant management and advisory contracts. The customer determination impacts the Company’s analysis of the accounting for contract costs. Also, the recovery of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds, primarily travel and entertainment costs, are presented gross in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, as the Company controls the inputs to its investment management performance obligation.
Fund Management Fees
The Company provides management services to funds in which it holds a general partner interest or has a management agreement. The Company considers the performance obligations in its contracts with its funds to be the promise to provide (or to arrange for third parties to provide) investment management services related to the management, policies and operations of the funds.
As it relates to the Company’s performance obligation to provide investment management services, the Company typically satisfies this performance obligation over time as the services are rendered, since the funds simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided as the Company performs the service. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the funds. Management fees earned from each investment management contract over the contract life represent variable consideration because the consideration the Company is entitled to varies based on fluctuations in the basis for the management fee, for example fund net asset value (“NAV”) or AUM. Given that the management fee basis is susceptible to market factors outside of the Company’s influence, management fees are constrained and, therefore, estimates of future period management fees are generally not included in the transaction price. Revenue recognized for the investment management services provided is generally the amount determined at the end of the period because that is when the uncertainty for that period is resolved.
For closed-end carry funds in the Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets and Global Credit segments, management fees generally range from 1.0 % to 2.0 % of commitments during the fund’s investment period based on limited partners’ capital commitments to the funds. Following the expiration or termination of the investment period, management fees generally are based on the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital and the rate charged may also be reduced to between 0.6 % and 2.0 %. For certain separately managed accounts, longer-dated carry funds, and other closed-end funds, management fees generally range from 0.2 % to 1.0 % based on contributions for unrealized investments, the current value of the investment, or adjusted book value. The Company will receive management fees during a specified period of time, which is generally ten years from the initial closing date, or, in some instances, from the final closing date, but such termination date may be earlier in certain limited circumstances or later if extended for successive one-year periods, typically up to a maximum of two years . Depending upon the contracted terms of investment advisory or investment management and related agreements, these fees are generally called semi-annually in advance and are recognized as earned over the subsequent month period. For certain longer-dated carry funds and certain other closed-end funds, management fees are called quarterly over the life of the funds.
Within the Global Credit segment, for CLOs and other structured products, management fees generally range from 0.4 % to 0.5 % based on the total par amounts of assets or the aggregate principal amount of the notes in the CLO and are due quarterly based on the terms and recognized over the respective period. Management fees for the CLOs and other structured products are governed by indentures and collateral management agreements and are subject to deferral under certain conditions, such as credit rating downgrades. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company fully recognized approximately $7.0 million of subordinated management fees on its CLOs (after the effect of consolidated CLOs) that had been deferred during the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to improvement in the underlying CLO portfolios. The Company will receive management fees for the CLOs until redemption of the securities issued by the CLOs, which is generally to ten
14
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Management fees for the Company’s private equity and real estate carry fund vehicles in the Investment Solutions segment generally range from 0.25 % to 1.0 % of the vehicle’s capital commitments during the commitment fee period of the relevant fund or the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds. Following the expiration of the commitment fee period or weighted-average investment period of such funds, the management fees generally range from 0.25 % to 1.0 % on (i) the lower of cost or fair value of the capital invested, (ii) the net asset value for unrealized investments, or (iii) the contributions for unrealized investments; however, certain separately managed accounts earn management fees at all times on contributions for unrealized investments or on the initial commitment amount. Management fees for the Investment Solutions carry fund vehicles are generally due quarterly and recognized over the related quarter.
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, management fee receivables were $97.9 million and $88.8 million, respectively, and are included in due from affiliates and other receivables, net, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company also provides transaction advisory and portfolio advisory services to the portfolio companies, and where covered by separate contractual agreements, recognizes fees for these services when the performance obligation has been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured. Transaction fees also include underwriting fees from the Company’s loan syndication and capital markets business, Carlyle Capital Solutions (“CCS”). Fund management fees include transaction and portfolio advisory fees of $3.9 million and $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $25.5 million and $33.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, net of any offsets as defined in the respective partnership agreements.
Fund management fees exclude the reimbursement of any partnership expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the Carlyle funds pursuant to the limited partnership agreements, including amounts related to the pursuit of actual, proposed, or unconsummated investments, professional fees, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, and other fund administrative expenses. For the professional fees that the Company arranges for the investment funds, the Company concluded that the nature of its promise is to arrange for the services to be provided and it does not control the services provided by third parties before they are transferred to the customer. Therefore, the Company concluded it is acting in the capacity of an agent. Accordingly, the reimbursement for these professional fees paid on behalf of the investment funds is presented on a net basis in general, administrative and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company also incurs certain costs, primarily employee travel and entertainment costs, employee compensation and systems costs, for which it receives reimbursement from the investment funds in connection with its performance obligation to provide investment and management services. For reimbursable travel, compensation and systems costs, the Company concluded it controls the services provided by its employees and the resources used to develop applicable systems before they are transferred to the customer and therefore is a principal. Accordingly, the reimbursement for these costs incurred by the Company to manage the fund limited partnerships are presented on a gross basis in interest and other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and the expense in general, administrative and other expenses or cash-based compensation and benefits expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Incentive Fees
In connection with management contracts from certain of its Global Credit funds, the Company is also entitled to receive performance-based incentive fees when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. In such arrangements, incentive fees are recognized when the performance benchmark has been achieved. Incentive fees are variable consideration because they are contingent upon the investment vehicle achieving stipulated investment return hurdles. Investment returns are highly susceptible to market factors outside of the Company’s influence. Accordingly, incentive fees are constrained until the uncertainty is resolved. Estimates of future period incentive fees are generally not included in the transaction price because these estimates are constrained. The transaction price for incentive fees is generally the amount determined at the end of each accounting period to which they relate because that is when the uncertainty for that period is resolved, as these fees are not subject to clawback.
Investment Income (Loss), including Performance Allocations
Investment income (loss) represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses resulting from the Company’s equity method investments, including any associated general partner performance allocations, and other principal investments, including CLOs.
15
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
General partner performance allocations consist of the allocation of profits from certain of the funds to which the Company is entitled (commonly known as carried interest).
For closed-end carry funds in the Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets and Global Credit segments, the Company is generally entitled to a 20 % allocation (or 10 % to 20 % on certain longer-dated carry funds, certain credit funds, up to 25 % on certain Corporate Private Equity funds in the event performance benchmarks are achieved, and external co-investment vehicles, or approximately 2 % to 10 % for most of the Investment Solutions segment carry fund vehicles) of the net realized income or gain as a carried interest after returning the invested capital, the allocation of preferred returns of generally 7 % to 9 % (or 4 % to 7 % for certain longer-dated carry funds) and return of certain fund costs (generally subject to catch-up provisions as set forth in the fund limited partnership agreement). Carried interest is recognized upon appreciation of the funds’ investment values above certain return hurdles set forth in each respective partnership agreement. The Company recognizes revenues attributable to performance allocations based upon the amount that would be due pursuant to the fund partnership agreement at each period end as if the funds were terminated at that date. Accordingly, the amount recognized as investment income for performance allocations reflects the Company’s share of the gains and losses of the associated funds’ underlying investments measured at their then-current fair values relative to the fair values as of the end of the prior period. Because of the inherent uncertainty, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material.
Carried interest is ultimately realized when: (i) an underlying investment is profitably disposed of, (ii) certain costs borne by the limited partner investors have been reimbursed, (iii) the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return and (iv) the Company has decided to collect carry rather than return additional capital to limited partner investors. Realized carried interest may be required to be returned by the Company in future periods if the funds’ investment values decline below certain levels. When the fair value of a fund’s investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance allocations are reversed. In all cases, each fund is considered separately in this regard, and for a given fund, performance allocations can never be negative over the life of a fund. If upon a hypothetical liquidation of a fund’s investments at their then-current fair values, previously recognized and distributed carried interest would be required to be returned, a liability is established for the potential giveback obligation.
Principal investment income (loss) is realized when the Company redeems all or a portion of its investment or when the Company receives or is due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Principal investment income (loss) also includes the Company’s allocation of earnings from its investment in Fortitude Re through June 2, 2020 (see Note 4). As it relates to the Company’s investments in NGP (see Note 4), principal investment income includes the related amortization of the basis difference between the Company’s carrying value of its investment and the Company’s share of underlying net assets of the investee, as well as the compensation expense associated with compensatory arrangements provided by the Company to employees of its equity method investee. Unrealized principal investment income (loss) results from the Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s unrealized earnings, including changes in the fair value of the underlying investment, as well as the reversal of unrealized gain (loss) at the time an investment is realized.
Interest Income
Interest income is recognized when earned. For debt securities representing non-investment grade beneficial interests in securitizations, the effective yield is determined based on the estimated cash flows of the security. Changes in the effective yield of these securities due to changes in estimated cash flows are recognized on a prospective basis as adjustments to interest income in future periods. Interest income earned by the Company is included in interest and other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest income of the Consolidated Funds was $50.8 million and $49.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $155.0 million and $144.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is included in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2020. For more information regarding adoption, see “Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted as of January 1, 2020” below.
Under ASU 2016-13, the Company is required to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. As part of its adoption process, the Company assessed the collection risk characteristics of the outstanding amounts in its due from affiliates balance to define the following pools of receivables:
16
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
•Reimbursable fund expenses receivables,
•Management fee receivables,
•Incentive fee receivables,
•Transaction fee receivables,
•Portfolio fee receivables, and
•Notes receivable.
The Company generally utilizes either historical credit loss information or discounted cash flows to calculate expected credit losses for each pool. The Company’s receivables are predominantly with its investment funds, which have low risk of credit loss based on the Company’s historical experience. Historical credit loss data may be adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including the Company’s expectation of near-term realization based on the liquidity of the affiliated investment funds. Therefore the adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Compensation and Benefits
Cash-based Compensation and Benefits – Cash-based compensation and benefits includes salaries, bonuses (discretionary awards and guaranteed amounts), performance payment arrangements and benefits paid and payable to Carlyle employees. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
Equity-Based Compensation – Compensation expense relating to the issuance of equity-based awards is measured at fair value on the grant date. The compensation expense for awards that vest over a future service period is recognized over the relevant service period on a straight-line basis. The compensation expense for awards that do not require future service is recognized immediately. Cash settled equity-based awards are classified as liabilities and are re-measured at the end of each reporting period. The compensation expense for awards that contain performance conditions is recognized when it is probable that the performance conditions will be achieved; in certain instances, such compensation expense may be recognized prior to the grant date of the award. The compensation expense for awards that contain market conditions is based on a grant-date fair value that factors in the probability that the market conditions will be achieved and is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis.
Equity-based awards issued to non-employees are generally recognized as general, administrative and other expenses, except to the extent they are recognized as part of the Company’s equity method earnings because they are issued to employees of equity method investees.
The Company recognizes equity-based award forfeitures in the period they occur as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense. The reduction in compensation expense is determined based on the specific awards forfeited during that period. Furthermore, the Company recognizes all excess tax benefits and deficiencies as income tax benefit or expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Carlyle Group Inc. is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and thus is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes. Prior to the Conversion, The Carlyle Group L.P. was generally organized as a series of pass-through entities and therefore generally not subject to U.S. federal income taxes, with the exception of certain wholly-owned subsidiaries which were subject to federal, state, local and foreign corporate income taxes at the entity level. Tax positions taken by the Company are subject to periodic audit by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign taxing authorities.
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the period in which the
17
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
difference is expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period of the change in the provision for income taxes. Further, deferred tax assets are recognized for the expected realization of available net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. A valuation allowance is recorded on the Company’s gross deferred tax assets when it is “more likely than not” that such asset will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets, all evidence, both positive and negative, is evaluated. Items considered in this analysis include the ability to carry back losses, the reversal of temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and expectations of future earnings.
Under U.S. GAAP for income taxes, the amount of tax benefit to be recognized is the amount of benefit that is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. The Company analyzes its tax filing positions in all of the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as for all open tax years in these jurisdictions. If, based on this analysis, the Company determines that uncertainties in tax positions exist, a liability is established, which is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in the provision for income taxes. If recognized, the entire amount of unrecognized tax positions would be recorded as a reduction in the provision for income taxes.
Tax Receivable Agreement
In connection with the Company’s initial public offering, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships whereby certain subsidiaries of the Partnership agreed to pay to the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships involved in any exchange transaction 85 % of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax realized as a result of increases in tax basis resulting from exchanges of Carlyle Holdings Partnership units for common units of The Carlyle Group L.P. From and after the consummation of the Conversion, holders of the Carlyle Holdings partnership units do not have any rights to payments under the tax receivable agreement except for payment obligations pre-existing at the time of the Conversion with respect to exchanges that occurred prior to the Conversion.
With respect to exchanges that occurred prior to the Conversion, the Company recorded an increase in deferred tax assets for the estimated income tax effects of the increases in tax basis based on enacted federal and state tax rates at the date of the exchange. All of the effects to the deferred tax asset of changes in any of the Company’s estimates after the tax year of the exchange will be reflected in the provision for income taxes. Similarly, the effect of subsequent changes in the enacted tax rates will be reflected in the provision for income taxes.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities represent the component of equity in consolidated entities held by third-party investors. These interests are adjusted for general partner allocations which occur during the reporting period. Any change in ownership of a subsidiary while the controlling financial interest is retained is accounted for as an equity transaction between the controlling and non-controlling interests. Transaction costs incurred in connection with such changes in ownership of a subsidiary are recorded as a direct charge to equity.
Prior to the Conversion, the Company recorded non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings, which relates to the ownership interests of the other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The Company, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, was the sole general partner of Carlyle Holdings. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the financial position and results of operations of Carlyle Holdings into its consolidated financial statements, and the other ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings were reflected as non-controlling interests in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Any change to the Company’s ownership interest in Carlyle Holdings was accounted for as a transaction within partners’ capital as a reallocation of ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings. As part of the Conversion, the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships exchanged their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for an equivalent number shares of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc., which was accounted for as a transaction within equity. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations of The Carlyle Group Inc. do not reflect any non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings following the Conversion.
Earnings Per Common Share
The Company computes earnings per common share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the common shares of the Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the
18
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Investments
Investments include (i) the Company’s ownership interests (typically general partner interests) in the Funds, (ii) strategic investments made by the Company (both of which are accounted for as equity method investments), (iii) the investments held by the Consolidated Funds (which are presented at fair value in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), and (iv) certain credit-oriented investments, including investments in the CLOs and the preferred securities of TCG BDC, Inc. (the “BDC Preferred Shares”) (which are accounted for as trading securities).
The valuation procedures utilized for investments of the Funds vary depending on the nature of the investment. The fair value of investments in publicly-traded securities is based on the closing price of the security with adjustments to reflect appropriate discounts if the securities are subject to restrictions.
The fair value of non-equity securities or other investments, which may include instruments that are not listed on an exchange, considers, among other factors, external pricing sources, such as dealer quotes or independent pricing services, recent trading activity or other information that, in the opinion of the Company, may not have been reflected in pricing obtained from external sources.
When valuing private securities or assets without readily determinable market prices, the Company gives consideration to operating results, financial condition, economic and/or market events, recent sales prices and other pertinent information. These valuation procedures may vary by investment, but include such techniques as comparable public market valuation, comparable acquisition valuation and discounted cash flow analysis. Because of the inherent uncertainty, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material. Furthermore, there is no assurance that, upon liquidation, the Company will realize the values presented herein.
Upon the sale of a security or other investment, the realized net gain or loss is computed on a weighted average cost basis, with the exception of the investments held by the CLOs, which compute the realized net gain or loss on a first in, first out basis. Securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis.
Principal Equity Method Investments
The Company accounts for all investments in which it has or is otherwise presumed to have significant influence, including investments in the unconsolidated Funds and strategic investments, using the equity method of accounting. The carrying value of equity method investments is determined based on amounts invested by the Company, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the investee (including performance allocations) allocated based on the respective partnership agreement, less distributions received. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Funds
Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds consists of cash and cash equivalents held by the Consolidated Funds, which, although not legally restricted, is not available to fund the general liquidity needs of the Company.
19
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets consist of furniture, fixtures and equipment, leasehold improvements, and computer hardware and software and are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which for leasehold improvements are the lesser of the lease terms or the life of the asset, and to seven years for other fixed assets. Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Leases
The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), and recognizes a lease liability and right-of-use asset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for contracts that it determines are leases or contain a lease. The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space in various countries around the world. The Company also has operating leases for office equipment and vehicles, which are not significant. The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components for its office space and equipment operating leases and instead accounts for each separate lease component and its associated non-lease component as a single lease component. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. The Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets include initial direct costs incurred by the Company and are presented net of deferred rent and lease incentives. Absent an implicit interest rate in the lease, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for the effects of collateralization, based on the information available at commencement in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company does not recognize a lease liability or right-of-use asset on the balance sheet for short-term leases. Instead, the Company recognizes short-term lease payments as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A short-term lease is defined as a lease that, at the commencement date, has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. When determining whether a lease qualifies as a short-term lease, the Company evaluates the lease term and the purchase option in the same manner as all other leases.
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The Company’s intangible assets consist of acquired contractual rights to earn future fee income, including management and advisory fees, customer relationships, and acquired trademarks. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from to ten years , and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Intangible asset amortization expense was $3.7 million and $3.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $10.9 million and $11.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
20
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents management fees and other revenue received prior to the balance sheet date, which has not yet been earned. The increase in the deferred revenue balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily driven by cash payments received in advance of the Company satisfying its performance obligations, partially offset by revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustments | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Unrealized losses on defined benefit plans | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Fortitude Re available-for-sale securities | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
Foreign Currency Translation
Non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities are translated at period-end rates of exchange, and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are translated at rates of exchange in effect throughout the period. Foreign currency gains (losses) resulting from transactions outside of the functional currency of an entity of $(2.6 ) million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $18.9 million and $(5.0 ) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are included in general, administrative and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted as of January 1, 2020
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This guidance was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2020.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-4, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies an entity’s annual goodwill test for impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, and instead an entity should compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The impairment charge will then be the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. An entity would still have the option to perform a qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The guidance was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2020 using a prospective transition method, and the impact was not material.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Accounting for Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on
21
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
3. Fair Value Measurement
The fair value measurement accounting guidance establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which ranks the observability of market price inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments in this category include unrestricted securities, such as equities and derivatives, listed in active markets. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these instruments, even in situations where the Company holds a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.
Level II – inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments in this category include less liquid and restricted securities listed in active markets, securities traded in other than active markets, government and agency securities, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs.
Level III – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to overall fair value measurement. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. The types of financial instruments in this category include investments in privately-held entities, non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations, collateralized loan obligations, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given financial instrument is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument.
In certain cases, debt and equity securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments.
22
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of September 30, 2020:
| (Dollars in millions) | Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Partnership and LLC interests(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(2) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Balance represents Fund Investments that the Company reports based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days.
(2)Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are valued based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of December 31, 2019:
| (Dollars in millions) | Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are valued based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
Investment professionals with responsibility for the underlying investments are responsible for preparing the investment valuations pursuant to the policies, methodologies and templates prepared by the Company’s valuation group, which is a team made up of dedicated valuation professionals reporting to the Company’s chief accounting officer. The valuation group is
23
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
responsible for maintaining the Company’s valuation policy and related guidance, templates and systems that are designed to be consistent with the guidance found in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. These valuations, inputs and preliminary conclusions are reviewed by the fund accounting teams. The valuations are then reviewed and approved by the respective fund valuation subcommittees, which include the respective fund head(s), segment head, chief financial officer and chief accounting officer, as well as members of the valuation group. The valuation group compiles the aggregate results and significant matters and presents them for review and approval by the global valuation committee, which includes the Company’s co-executive chairmen of the board, chairman emeritus, chief executive officer, chief risk officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, and the business segment heads, and observed by the chief compliance officer, the director of internal audit, the Company’s audit committee and others. Additionally, each quarter a sample of valuations is reviewed by external valuation firms. Valuations of the funds’ investments are used in the calculation of accrued performance allocations, or “carried interest”.
In the absence of observable market prices, the Company values its investments using valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis. For some investments little market activity may exist. Management’s determination of fair value is then based on the best information available in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involve a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks. Investments for which market prices are not observable include private investments in the equity of operating companies and real estate properties, and certain debt positions. The valuation technique for each of these investments is described below:
Private Equity and Real Estate Investments – The fair values of private equity investments are determined by reference to projected net earnings, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), the discounted cash flow method, public market or private transactions, valuations for comparable companies or sales of comparable assets, and other measures which, in many cases, are unaudited at the time received. The methods used to estimate the fair value of real estate investments include the discounted cash flow method and/or capitalization rate (“cap rate”) analysis. Valuations may be derived by reference to observable valuation measures for comparable companies or transactions (e.g., applying a key performance metric of the investment such as EBITDA or net operating income to a relevant valuation multiple or cap rate observed in the range of comparable companies or transactions), adjusted by management for differences between the investment and the referenced comparables, and in some instances by reference to option pricing models or other similar models. Adjustments to observable valuation measures are frequently made upon the initial investment to calibrate the initial investment valuation to industry observable inputs. Such adjustments are made to align the investment to observable industry inputs for differences in size, profitability, projected growth rates, geography and capital structure if applicable. The adjustments are reviewed with each subsequent valuation to assess how the investment has evolved relative to the observable inputs. Additionally, the investment may be subject to certain specific risks and/or development milestones which are also taken into account in the valuation assessment. Option pricing models and similar tools do not currently drive a significant portion of private equity or real estate valuations and are used primarily to value warrants, derivatives, certain restrictions and other atypical investment instruments.
Credit-Oriented Investments – The fair values of credit-oriented investments (including corporate treasury investments) are generally determined on the basis of prices between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments. Specifically, for investments in distressed debt and corporate loans and bonds, the fair values are generally determined by valuations of comparable investments. In some instances, the Company may utilize other valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow method.
CLO Investments and CLO Loans Payable – The Company measures the financial liabilities of its consolidated CLOs based on the fair value of the financial assets of its consolidated CLOs, as the Company believes the fair value of the financial assets are more observable. The fair values of the CLO loan and bond assets are primarily based on quotations from reputable dealers or relevant pricing services. In situations where valuation quotations are unavailable, the assets are valued based on similar securities, market index changes, and other factors. The Company performs certain procedures to ensure the reliability of the quotations from pricing services. Generally, the loan and bond assets of the CLOs are not publicly traded and are classified as Level III. The fair values of the CLO structured asset positions are determined based on both discounted cash flow analyses and third party quotes. Those analyses consider the position size, liquidity, current financial condition of the CLOs, the third party financing environment, reinvestment rates, recovery lags, discount rates and default forecasts and are compared to broker quotations from market makers and third party dealers.
The Company measures the CLO loans payable held by third party beneficial interest holders on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLO and the beneficial interests held by the Company. The Company continues to
24
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
measure the CLO loans payable that it holds at fair value based on both discounted cash flow analyses and third-party quotes, as described above.
Fund Investments – The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. The terms of the investments generally preclude the ability to redeem the investment. Distributions from these investments will be received as the underlying assets in the funds are liquidated, the timing of which cannot be readily determined.
The changes in financial instruments measured at fair value for which the Company has used Level III inputs to determine fair value are as follows (Dollars in millions):
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
25
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deconsolidation/consolidation of funds (1) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and distributions | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
26
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Borrowings | |||||||||||
| Paydowns | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Sales | ( | ||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||
| Included in earnings | |||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in other comprehensive income related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deconsolidation/consolidation of funds | ( | ||||||||||
| Borrowings | |||||||||||
| Paydowns | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Sales | ( | ||||||||||
| Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||
| Included in earnings | ( | ||||||||||
| Included in other comprehensive income | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in other comprehensive income related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | $ | |||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains and losses included in earnings for Level III investments for investments in CLOs and other investments are included in investment income (loss), and such gains and losses for investments of Consolidated Funds and loans payable of Consolidated Funds are included in net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for all Level III financial asset and liabilities are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, non-controlling interests in consolidated entities and, prior to the Conversion, non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
27
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s Level III inputs as of September 30, 2020:
| Fair Value at | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted Average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes ($ per share) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Margins (Basis Points) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partnership and LLC interests | NAV of Underlying Fund (1) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
| BDC preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Aviation subordinated notes | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | Other (2) | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Represents the Company’s investments in funds that are valued using the NAV of the underlying fund.
(2) Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
28
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s Level III inputs as of December 31, 2019:
| Fair Value at | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted Average) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes ($ per share) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Margins (Basis Points) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aviation subordinated notes | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | Other (1) | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes and preferred shares | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Default Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recovery Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Company and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of investments of the Company’s consolidated funds are indicative quotes. Significant decreases in indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s investments in CLOs and other investments include discount margins, discount rates, default rates, recovery rates and indicative quotes. Significant decreases in recovery rates or indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant increases in discount margins, discount rates or default rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s loans payable of Consolidated Funds are discount rates, default rates, recovery rates and indicative quotes. Significant increases in discount rates or default rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant decreases in recovery rates or indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
29
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
4. Investments
Investments consist of the following:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Principal equity method investments, excluding performance allocations | |||||||||||
| Principal investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accrued Performance Allocations
The components of accrued performance allocations are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Real Assets | |||||||||||
| Global Credit | |||||||||||
Investment Solutions (1) | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Approximately 40 % and 26 % of accrued performance allocations at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are related to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P., one of the Company’s Corporate Private Equity funds.
Accrued performance allocations are shown gross of the Company’s accrued performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation (see Note 6), and accrued giveback obligations, which are separately presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The components of the accrued giveback obligations are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Real Assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
30
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Principal Equity Method Investments, Excluding Performance Allocations
The Company’s principal equity method investments (excluding performance allocations) include its fund investments in Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, Global Credit, and Investment Solutions, typically as general partner interests, and its strategic investments in Fortitude Re (included within Global Credit) and NGP (included within Real Assets), which are not consolidated. Principal investments are related to the following segments:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Real Assets | |||||||||||
| Global Credit | |||||||||||
Investment Solutions (1) | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) Principal equity method investments for Investment Solutions as of December 31, 2019 includes approximately $66.0 million related to certain entities which were deconsolidated during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Strategic Investment in Fortitude Re (f/k/a DSA Re)
On November 13, 2018, the Company acquired a 19.9 % interest in Fortitude Group Holdings, LLC (“Fortitude Holdings”), a wholly owned subsidiary of American International Group, Inc. (“AIG”) (“the Minority Transaction”), pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and among the Company, AIG and Fortitude Holdings, dated as of July 31, 2018 (the “2018 MIPA”). Fortitude Holdings owns 100 % of the outstanding common shares of Fortitude Reinsurance Company Ltd., a Bermuda domiciled reinsurer (“Fortitude Re”, f/k/a “DSA Re”) established to reinsure a portfolio of AIG’s legacy life, annuity and property and casualty liabilities.
The Company paid $381 million in cash at closing of the Minority Transaction (the “Initial Purchase Price”) and expects to pay up to $95 million in additional deferred consideration following December 31, 2023. In May 2020, the Initial Purchase Price was adjusted upward by $99.5 million in accordance with the 2018 MIPA as Fortitude Holdings chose not to distribute a planned non-pro rata dividend to AIG prior to May 13, 2020. The Company paid $79.6 million of such adjustment in May 2020 and will pay the remaining $19.9 million following December 31, 2023.
On June 2, 2020, Carlyle FRL, L.P. (“Carlyle FRL”), a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund, acquired a 51.6 % ownership interest in Fortitude Holdings from AIG (the “Control Transaction”) and T&D United Capital Co., Ltd. (“T&D”), a subsidiary of T&D Holdings, Inc., purchased a 25.0 % ownership interest as a strategic third-party investor pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and among the Company, AIG, Carlyle FRL, and T&D, dated as of November 25, 2019 (the “2019 MIPA”). At closing, the Company contributed its existing 19.9 % interest in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, such that Carlyle FRL holds a 71.5 % interest in Fortitude Holdings. Taken together, Carlyle FRL and T&D have 96.5 % ownership of Fortitude Holdings. Additionally, AIG agreed to a post-closing purchase price adjustment pursuant to which AIG will contribute to Fortitude Re an amount to cover certain adverse reserve developments in Fortitude Re’s property and casualty insurance business, based on an agreed methodology, that occur on or prior to December 31, 2023, up to $500 million.
The Company has a strategic asset management relationship with Fortitude Holdings pursuant to which Fortitude Holdings committed to allocate assets in asset management strategies and vehicles of the Company and its affiliates. If Fortitude Holdings fails to allocate an agreed upon amount of assets to the Company’s asset management strategies and vehicles within 30 to 36 months of the closing of the Minority Transaction, the Company may be entitled to certain payments from Fortitude Holdings based on the commitment shortfall and assumed customary rates.
Prior to the Control Transaction, the Company’s investment was accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recognizing its pro rata share of Fortitude Holdings’ U.S. GAAP earnings, which is included in principal investment income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. These amounts are inclusive of unrealized gains (losses) related to the change in fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements. Modified coinsurance is subject to the general accounting principles for hedging, specifically the guidance originally issued as Derivatives Implementation Group Issue No. B36: Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Agreements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments (“DIG B36”). As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the
31
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Company’s investment in Fortitude Holdings was $1,077.9 million and $1,200.9 million, respectively, which reflected $539.1 million and $628.2 million of cumulative unrealized gains related to the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives.
At the time the Company contributed its existing 19.9 % stake in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, the Company’s investment became an ownership interest in the fund. Accordingly, the Company began accounting for its investment under the equity method based on its net asset value in Carlyle FRL, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude Holdings at fair value. The contribution of the Company’s 19.9 % interest to Carlyle FRL resulted in a loss in principal investment income (loss) of $620.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020. During the three and nine months months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized principal investment income (loss) of $28.7 million and $(703.9 ) million. As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s investment in Carlyle FRL was $542.3 million, relative to its cost of $465.4 million. Following the contribution, the Company no longer records its pro rata share of the U.S. GAAP earnings of Fortitude Holdings. Refer to Note 4 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020 for summarized financial information of Fortitude Holdings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, given the significance of the results of Fortitude Holdings relative to the Company’s results prior to the contribution of its interest to Carlyle FRL.
Strategic Investment in NGP
The Company has equity interests in NGP Management Company, L.L.C. (“NGP Management”), the general partners of certain carry funds advised by NGP, and principal investments in certain NGP funds. The Company accounts for its investments in NGP under the equity method of accounting, and includes these investments in the Real Assets segment. These interests entitle the Company to an allocation of income equal to 55.0 % of the management fee-related revenues of NGP Management which serves as the investment advisor to certain NGP funds as well as 47.5 % of the performance allocations received by certain current and future NGP fund general partners.
The Company’s investments in NGP as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Investment in NGP Management | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Principal investments in NGP funds | |||||||||||
| Total investments in NGP | $ | $ | |||||||||
Investment in NGP Management. The Company’s equity interests in NGP Management entitle the Company to an allocation of income equal to 55.0 % of the management fee-related revenues of NGP Management, which serves as the investment advisor to the NGP Energy Funds. Management fees are generally calculated as 1.0 % to 2.0 % of the limited partners’ commitments during the fund’s investment period, and 0.6 % to 2.0 % based on the lower of cost or fair market value of invested capital following the expiration or termination of the investment period. Management fee-related revenues from NGP Management are primarily driven by NGP XII, NGP XI and NGP X during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
The Company records investment income (loss) for its equity income allocation from NGP management fee-related revenues and also records its share of any allocated expenses from NGP Management, expenses associated with the compensatory elements of the strategic investment, and the amortization of the basis differences related to the definite-lived identifiable intangible assets of NGP Management. The net investment income (loss) recognized in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
32
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fee-related revenues from NGP Management | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses related to the investment in NGP Management | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of basis differences from the investment in NGP Management | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income from NGP Management | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The difference between the Company’s remaining carrying value of its investment and its share of the underlying net assets of the investee was $5.3 million and $8.5 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; these differences are amortized over a period of 10 years from the initial investment date. The Company assesses the remaining carrying value of its equity method investment for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, and considers factors including, but not limited to, expected cash flows from its interest in future management fees and NGP’s ability to raise new funds.
Investment in the General Partners of NGP Carry Funds. The Company’s investment in the general partners of the NGP Carry Funds entitle it to 47.5 % of the performance allocations received by certain current and future NGP fund general partners. The Company records its equity income allocation from NGP performance allocations in principal investment income (loss) from equity method investments rather than performance allocations in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no 81.6 ) million and $(111.5 ) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
Principal Investments in NGP Funds. The Company also holds principal investments in the NGP Carry Funds. The Company recognized net investment earnings (losses) related to principal investment income in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations of $0.9 million and $(3.8 ) million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $(14.0 ) million and $(7.4 ) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
33
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Principal Investments in CLOs and Other Investments
Principal investments in CLOs and other investments as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $600.6 million and $505.2 million, respectively, and primarily consisted of investments in CLO senior and subordinated notes. A portion of these investments is collateral to CLO term loans (see Note 5). As of September 30, 2020, principal investments in CLOs and other investments also includes the Company’s investment in the preferred securities of TCG BDC, Inc. (“TCG BDC”), a Carlyle-affiliated business development company, of $57.6 million (see Note 8).
Investment Income (Loss)
The components of investment income (loss) are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) from equity method investments (excluding performance allocations) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) from investments in CLOs and other investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The performance allocations included in revenues are derived from the following segments:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Real Assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Approximately 46 %, or $217.9 million, of performance allocations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $141.7 million, and
•Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $112.4 million.
Performance allocations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are primarily related to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income) of $773.4 million. In addition to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P., performance
34
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
allocations of $129.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $323.5 million, and
•Carlyle International Energy Partners I, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $(144.9 ) million.
Approximately 33 %, or $37.0 million, of performance allocations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•AlpInvest Co- & Secondary Investments 2006-2008 (Investment Solutions segment) - $58.1 million,
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $55.5 million,
•Carlyle Asia Partners V, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $39.3 million,
•Carlyle Realty Partners VII, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $31.9 million,
•Carlyle Europe Technology Partners III, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $26.5 million,
•Carlyle Realty Partners V, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $20.3 million,
•Carlyle Partners V, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $14.3 million,
•Carlyle Strategic Partners IV, L.P. (Global Credit segment) - $(4.7 ) million,
•Carlyle Europe Partners IV, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $(33.0 ) million, and
•Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $(91.9 ) million.
Additionally, $(73.6 ) million in total revenue was recognized in our investment in NGP XI for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Approximately 49 %, or $350.6 million, of performance allocations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are related to the following fund along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance allocations, fund management fees, and principal investment income):
•Carlyle Realty Partners V, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $187.3 million,
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $149.7 million, and
•AlpInvest Co- & Secondary Investments 2006-2008 (Investment Solutions segment) - $80.2 million.
Additionally, $(79.3 ) million in total revenue was recognized in our investment in NGP XI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Carlyle’s income (loss) from its principal equity method investments consists of:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real Assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Solutions | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
The principal investment income (loss) in Global Credit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes $28.7 million and $(703.9 ) million, respectively, from our equity method investment in Fortitude Holdings. The principal investment income (loss) in Global Credit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes $281.6 million and $808.9 million, respectively, from our equity method investment in Fortitude Holdings.
35
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Investments of Consolidated Funds
The Company consolidates the financial positions and results of operations of certain CLOs in which it is the primary beneficiary. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company formed two new CLO for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.
There were no individual investments with a fair value greater than five percent of the Company’s total assets for any period presented.
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds
The components of interest and other income of Consolidated Funds are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income from investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Funds
Net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds include net realized gains (losses) from sales of investments and unrealized gains (losses) resulting from changes in fair value of the Consolidated Funds’ investments. The components of net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) from investments of Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) from liabilities of CLOs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
The following table presents realized and unrealized gains (losses) earned from investments of the Consolidated Funds:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains (losses) | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains (losses) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
36
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company borrows and enters into credit agreements for its general operating and investment purposes. The Company’s debt obligations consist of the following:
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Outstanding | Carrying Value | Borrowing Outstanding | Carrying Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit Revolving Credit Facility | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
CLO Borrowings (See below) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Senior Credit Facility
The Company has entered into a senior credit facility which was amended and restated on February 11, 2019 (the “amended and restated senior credit facility”). The amended and restated senior credit facility includes $775.0 million in a revolving credit facility, which is scheduled to mature on February 11, 2024. Principal amounts outstanding under the amended and restated senior credit facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 0.50 % per annum, or (b) at LIBOR plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.50 % per annum (at September 30, 2020, the interest rate was 1.40 %). The Company borrowed and repaid $250.0 no amounts outstanding at September 30, 2020. Interest expense under the revolving credit facility was no
Global Credit Revolving Credit Facility
On December 17, 2018, certain subsidiaries of the Company established a $250.0 million revolving line of credit, primarily intended to support certain lending activities within the Global Credit segment. The credit facility includes a $125.0 million line of credit with a one-year term, and a $125.0 million line of credit with a three-year term. The revolving line of credit was extended by one year in December 2019. Principal amounts outstanding under the facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.00 %, or (b) at the Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin, not to exceed 2.00 %.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company borrowed $23.3 million and $37.1 million, respectively, and repaid $5.0 million and $50.6 million, respectively, under the credit facility. As of September 30, 2020, there was $22.3 million outstanding under this facility. Interest expense was no
37
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
CLO Borrowings
For certain of the Company’s CLOs, the Company finances a portion of its investment in the CLOs through the proceeds received from term loans and other financing arrangements with financial institutions. The Company’s outstanding CLO borrowings consist of the following (Dollars in millions):
| Formation Date | Borrowing Outstanding September 30, 2020 | Borrowing Outstanding December 31, 2019 | Maturity Date (1) | Interest Rate as of September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 28, 2017 | $ | $ | November 17, 2031 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 19, 2017 | April 22, 2031 | (3) (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2017 | July 22, 2031 | (4) (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 2, 2017 | July 23, 2029 | (5) (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 2, 2017 | August 3, 2022 | (6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 14, 2017 | August 15, 2030 | (7) (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2017 | January 16, 2030 | (8)(14)(16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 6, 2017 | October 16, 2030 | (9)(14)(16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 7, 2017 | January 19, 2029 | (10)(14)(16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 30, 2018 | January 22, 2030 | (11)(14)(16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 1, 2018 | January 15, 2031 | (12)(14)(16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 15, 2019 | March 15, 2032 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 20, 2019 | August 15, 2032 | (15) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 15, 2020 | April 15, 2033 | (15) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Maturity date is earlier of date indicated or the date that the CLO is dissolved.
(2) Outstanding borrowing of €66.1 million; incurs interest at EURIBOR plus applicable margins as defined in the agreement.
(3) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.932 %.
(4) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.923 %.
(5) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.808 %.
(6) Original borrowing of €17.4 million; incurs interest at EURIBOR plus 1.75 % and has full recourse to the Company.
(7) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.848 %.
(8) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.731 %.
(9) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.647 %.
(10) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.365 %.
(11) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.624 %.
(12) Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.552 %.
(13) Incurs interest at the average effective interest rate of each class of purchased securities plus 0.50 % spread percentage and 0.08 % class A-1 periodic adjustment rate up to €54,120 .
(14) Term loan issued under master credit agreement.
(15) Incurs interest at the average effective interest rate of each class of purchased securities plus 0.50
(16) CLO Indentures for the respective CLO borrowings entered on November 30, 2017 and after provide for an alternative rate framework determined at the Company’s discretion upon a trigger event of LIBOR.
The CLO term loans are secured by the Company’s investments in the respective CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and generally do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $6.6 million and $8.7 million, respectively. The fair value of the outstanding balance of the CLO term loans at September 30, 2020 approximated par value based on current market rates for similar debt instruments. These CLO term loans are classified as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
European CLO Financing - February 28, 2017
On February 28, 2017, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a financing agreement with several financial institutions under which these financial institutions have provided a €66.1 million term loan ($77.5 million at September 30, 2020) to the
38
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Company. This term loan is secured by the Company’s investments in the retained notes in certain European CLOs that were formed in 2014 and 2015. This term loan will mature on the earlier of November 17, 2031 or the date that the certain European CLO retained notes have been redeemed. The Company may prepay the term loan in whole or in part at any time after the third anniversary of the date of issuance without penalty. Prepayment of the term loan within the first three years will incur a penalty based on the prepayment amount. Interest on this term loan accrues at EURIBOR plus applicable margins (2.33 % at September 30, 2020).
Master Credit Agreement - Term Loans
In January 2017, the Company entered into a master credit agreement with a financial institution under which the financial institution expects to provide term loans to the Company for the purchase of eligible interests in CLOs. Term loans issued under this master credit agreement will be secured by the Company’s investment in the respective CLO as well as any senior management fee and subordinated management fee payable by each CLO. Term loans bear interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread over LIBOR on the CLO notes and an applicable margin, which is due quarterly. CLO Indentures for the respective CLO borrowings entered on November 30, 2017 and after provide for an alternative rate framework determined at the Company’s discretion upon a trigger event of LIBOR. This agreement terminated in January 2020. Outstanding CLO term loans will mature at each respective borrowing’s maturity date.
CLO Repurchase Agreements
On February 5, 2019, the Company entered into a €100.0 million master credit facility agreement (the “CLO Financing Facility”) to finance a portion of the risk retention investments in certain European CLOs managed by the Company. Subject to the terms and conditions of the CLO Financing Facility, the Company and the counterparty may enter into repurchase agreements on such terms agreed upon by the parties. Each transaction entered into under the CLO Financing Facility will bear interest at a rate based on the weighted average effective interest rate of each class of securities that have been sold plus a spread to be agreed upon by the parties. As of September 30, 2020, €45.0 million of the CLO Financing Facility remained available.
Each transaction entered into under the CLO Financing Facility provides for payment netting and, in the case of a default or similar event with respect to the counterparty to the CLO Financing Facility, provides for netting across transactions. Generally, upon a counterparty default, the Company can terminate all transactions under the CLO Financing Facility and offset amounts it owes in respect of any one transaction against collateral, if any, or other amounts it has received in respect of any other transactions under the CLO Financing Facility; provided, however, that in the case of certain defaults, the Company may only be able to terminate and offset solely with respect to the transaction affected by the default. During the term of a transaction entered into under the CLO Financing Facility, the Company will deliver cash or additional securities acceptable to the counterparty if the securities sold are in default. Upon termination of a transaction, the Company will repurchase the previously sold securities from the counterparty at a previously determined repurchase price. The CLO Financing Facility may be terminated at any time upon certain defaults or circumstances agreed upon by the parties.
The repurchase agreements may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparty to the transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. The Company minimizes the credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring counterparty credit exposure and collateral values. Other than margin requirements, the Company is not subject to additional terms or contingencies which would expose the Company to additional obligations based upon the performance of the securities pledged as collateral.
39
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Senior Notes
Certain indirect subsidiaries of the the Company have issued long term borrowings in the form of senior notes, on which interest is payable semi-annually in arrears. The following table provides information regarding these senior notes (Dollars in millions):
| Interest Expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value (1) As of | Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aggregate Principal Amount | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Including accrued interest. Fair value is based on indicative quotes and the notes are classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy.
(2) Issued in January 2013 at 99.966 % of par.
(3) Issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal at 99.583 % of par in March 2013. An additional $200.0 million in aggregate principal was issued at 104.315 % of par in March 2014, and is treated as a single class with the outstanding $400.0 million in senior notes previously issued.
(4) Issued in September 2018 at 99.914 % of par.
(5) Issued in September 2019 at 99.841 % of par.
(6) In September 2018, the Company completed a tender offer to re-purchase $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.875 % senior notes.
The issuers may redeem the senior notes, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to the greater of (i) 100 % of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on any notes being redeemed discounted to the redemption date on a semiannual basis at the Treasury Rate plus 40 30 3.875 % and 3.500 % senior notes), plus in each case accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amounts being redeemed.
Promissory Notes
Promissory Notes Due July 15, 2019
In June 2017, as part of the settlement with investors in two commodities investment vehicles managed by an affiliate of the Company (disclosed in Note 7), the Company issued a series of promissory notes, aggregating to $53.9 million, to the investors of these commodities investment vehicles. Interest on these promissory notes accrued at the three month LIBOR plus 2 %. These promissory notes matured on July 15, 2019 and were fully repaid as of that date. Interest expense on these promissory notes was no t significant for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Debt Covenants
The Company is subject to various financial covenants under its loan agreements including, among other items, maintenance of a minimum amount of management fee-earning assets. The Company is also subject to various non-financial covenants under its loan agreements and the indentures governing its senior notes. The Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under its various loan agreements as of September 30, 2020.
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds primarily represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs. Several of the CLOs issued preferred shares representing the most subordinated interest, however these tranches are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity dates of the senior secured loans payable, and as a result have been classified as liabilities and are included in loans payable of Consolidated Funds in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
40
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following borrowings were outstanding, which includes preferred shares classified as liabilities (Dollars in millions):
| As of September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Outstanding | Fair Value | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes, preferred shares and other | N/A | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Outstanding | Fair Value | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior secured notes | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated notes, preferred shares and other | N/A | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The subordinated notes and preferred shares do not have contractual interest rates, but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the CLOs.
Loans payable of the CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the CLOs and the assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consisted of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of the CLO assets was $5.8 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively.
6. Accrued Compensation and Benefits
Accrued compensation and benefits consist of the following:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued bonuses | |||||||||||
| Employment-based contingent cash consideration | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
The following table presents realized and unrealized performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
41
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Capital Commitments
The Company and its unconsolidated affiliates have unfunded commitments to entities within the following segments as of September 30, 2020 (Dollars in millions):
| Unfunded Commitments | |||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | ||||
| Real Assets | |||||
| Global Credit | |||||
| Investment Solutions | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
Of the $3.5 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $3.0 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Company. In addition to these unfunded commitments, the Company may from time to time exercise its right to purchase additional interests in its investment funds that become available in the ordinary course of their operations. Additionally as of September 30, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company had $19.5 million in unfunded commitments related to the origination and syndication of loans and securities under the Carlyle Capital Solutions platform.
Guaranteed Loans
In December 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with a financial institution pursuant to which the
Company provided a guarantee on a revolving credit facility with a temporary borrowing capacity of $130.0 million for a fund in the Real Assets segment, which is scheduled to expire in December 2020. The outstanding balance, which was $83.5 million as of September 30, 2020, is secured by uncalled capital commitments of the fund’s limited partners. The Company has not funded any amounts under the guarantee to date, and the fair value of the guarantee is not significant to the consolidated financial statements. The investment fund issued a capital call to its limited partners, which is due October 30, 2020, the proceeds from which will be used to repay outstanding amounts.
On September 3, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with a financial institution pursuant to which the Company is the guarantor on loans made to eligible employees investing in Carlyle sponsored funds (the “Program”). The Program has an initial period of one year , renewed annually, and accrues interest at either the WSJ Prime Rate minus 1.00 % floating or the 12MAT Index plus 2.00 % floating, in either case with a floor rate of 3.50 % (versus actual rates of 2.25 % and 2.74 %, respectively, as of September 30, 2020). The aggregate Program limit of all loans is $100.0 million, and is collateralized by each borrower’s interest in the Carlyle sponsored funds. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $13.0 million was outstanding under the Program and payable by the employees. The Company has not funded any amounts under the guarantee to date, and believes the likelihood of any material funding under this guarantee to be remote. The fair value of the guarantee is not significant to the consolidated financial statements. The Program replaced a similar agreement with another financial institution, and as of September 30, 2020, approximately $0.7 million remained outstanding and guaranteed by the Company under that previous agreement.
Certain consolidated subsidiaries of the Company are the guarantors of revolving credit facilities for certain funds in the Investment Solutions segment. The guarantee is limited to the lesser of the total amount drawn under the credit facilities or the net asset value of the guarantor subsidiaries, which is approximately $30.6 million as of September 30, 2020. The outstanding balances are secured by uncalled capital commitments from the underlying funds and the Company believes the likelihood of any material funding under this guarantee to be remote.
Contingent Obligations (Giveback)
A liability for potential repayment of previously received performance allocations of $17.5 million at September 30, 2020 is shown as accrued giveback obligations in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, representing the giveback obligation that would need to be paid if the funds were liquidated at their current fair values at September 30, 2020. However, the ultimate giveback obligation, if any, generally is not paid until the end of a fund’s life or earlier if the giveback becomes fixed and early payment is agreed upon by the fund’s partners (see Note 2). The Company has no unbilled receivables from former and current employees and senior Carlyle professionals as of September 30, 2020 related to giveback obligations. As of December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $1.4 million of unbilled receivables from former and current employees and senior
42
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Carlyle professionals related to giveback obligations, which are included in due from affiliates and other receivables, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The receivables are collateralized by investments made by individual senior Carlyle professionals and employees in Carlyle-sponsored funds. In addition, $172.8 million and $164.4 million have been withheld from distributions of carried interest to senior Carlyle professionals and employees for potential giveback obligations as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Such amounts are held on behalf of the respective current and former Carlyle employees to satisfy any givebacks they may owe and are held by entities not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Current and former senior Carlyle professionals and employees are personally responsible for their giveback obligations. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $9.4 million of the Company’s accrued giveback obligation is the responsibility of various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other former limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and the net accrued giveback obligation attributable to the Company is $8.1 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paid $41.3 million to satisfy giveback obligations related to two of its Legacy Energy funds. Approximately $22.1 million of these obligations was paid by current and former senior Carlyle professionals and $19.2 million by the Company.
If, at September 30, 2020, all of the investments held by the Company’s Funds were deemed worthless, a possibility that management views as remote, the amount of realized and distributed carried interest subject to potential giveback would be $0.4 billion, on an after-tax basis where applicable, of which approximately $0.2 billion would be the responsibility of current and former senior Carlyle professionals.
Leases
The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space in various countries around the world, including its headquarters in Washington, D.C. These leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 15 years, some of which include options to extend for up to 5 years and some of which include an option to terminate the leases within 1 year. The Company also has operating leases for office equipment and vehicles, which are not significant.
In June 2018, the Company entered into an amended non-cancelable lease agreement expiring on March 31, 2030 for its Washington, D.C. office. In connection with the amended lease, the Company exercised an option to terminate its office lease in Arlington, Virginia at the end of 2019. The Company is scheduled to relocate one of its New York City offices in December 2020 to new office space in Midtown New York. The new lease was signed in July 2018 and expires in 2036. In connection with this new lease, the Company incurred a charge of $63.5 million (including transaction costs) during 2018 related to the assignment of an existing office lease in New York City. The charge is expected to be paid over approximately 15 years beginning in December 2020. This charge (excluding $3.5 million of transaction costs paid) was accounted for as a lease incentive, and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, since the lease has not yet commenced. Upon commencement, this liability will be presented as a reduction of the lease right-of-use asset.
The following table summarizes the Company’s lease cost, cash flows and other supplemental information related to its operating leases (Dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating lease cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
43
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Maturities of lease liabilities related to operating leases were as follows (Dollars in millions):
| Year ending December 31, | |||||
| 2020 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2020) | $ | ||||
| 2021 | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| 2023 | |||||
| 2024 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total lease payments | $ | ||||
| Less payments for leases that have not yet commenced | ( | ||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | ||||
Legal Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is a party to litigation, investigations, inquiries, employment-related matters, disputes and other potential claims. Certain of these matters are described below. The Company is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible amount of loss or range of loss, in excess of amounts accrued, for the matters that have not been resolved. The Company does not believe it is probable that the outcome of any existing litigation, investigations, disputes or other potential claims will materially affect the Company or these financial statements in excess of amounts accrued. The Company believes that the matters described below are without merit.
Along with many other companies and individuals in the financial sector, the Company and Carlyle Mezzanine Partners, L.P. (“CMP”) are named as defendants in Foy v. Austin Capital, a case filed in June 2009 in state court in New Mexico, which purports to be a qui tam suit on behalf of the State of New Mexico under the state Fraud Against Taxpayers Act (“FATA”). The suit alleges that investment decisions by New Mexico public investment funds were improperly influenced by campaign contributions and payments to politically connected placement agents. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, actual damages for lost income, rescission of the investment transactions described in the complaint and disgorgement of all fees received. In September 2017, the Court dismissed the lawsuit and the plaintiffs then filed an appeal seeking to reverse that decision. In June 2020, the Court of Appeals affirmed the decision dismissing the case. On June 24, 2020, plaintiffs filed a motion for rehearing with the Court of Appeals. On June 30, 2020, the Court of Appeals denied that motion. Plaintiffs filed an appeal to the New Mexico Supreme Court. On October 9, 2020, the New Mexico Supreme Court denied Foy’s petition for certiorari.
Carlyle Capital Corporation Limited (“CCC”) was a fund sponsored by the Company that invested in AAA-rated residential mortgage backed securities on a highly leveraged basis. In March of 2008, amidst turmoil throughout the mortgage markets and money markets, CCC filed for insolvency protection in Guernsey. The Guernsey liquidators who took control of CCC in March 2008 filed a suit on July 7, 2010 against the Company, certain of its affiliates and the former directors of CCC in the Royal Court of Guernsey seeking more than $1.0 billion in damages in a case styled Carlyle Capital Corporation Limited v. Conway et al. On September 4, 2017, the Royal Court of Guernsey ruled that the Company and Directors of CCC acted reasonably and appropriately in the management and governance of CCC and that none of the Company, its affiliates or former directors of CCC had any liability. In December 2017, the plaintiff filed a notice of appeal of the trial court decision. On April 12, 2019 the Guernsey Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal and affirmed the trial court’s decision. On July 31, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. On April 2, 2020, the parties entered into a binding Heads of Agreement and on April 21 executed a definitive settlement agreement, which received court approval on May 1, 2020. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company retains the amounts already received from the plaintiff to reimburse the Company for legal fees and expenses incurred to defend against the claims (approximately £23.3 million) and received the funds deposited as security with the Privy Council (approximately £850,000 ). All claims have now been dismissed. The Company recognized $29.9 million as a reduction to general, administrative and other expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
A Luxembourg subsidiary of CEREP I, a real estate fund, was involved in a tax dispute with the French authorities beginning in 2010 relating to whether gain from the sale of an investment was taxable in France. In April 2015, the French tax court issued an opinion in this matter adverse to CEREP I, holding the Luxembourg subsidiary of CEREP I liable for approximately €105 million (including interest accrued since the beginning of the tax dispute). CEREP I paid approximately €30 million of the tax obligations and the Company paid the remaining approximately €75 million in its capacity as a guarantor.
44
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
After an appeals process, in July 2019, the parties agreed to settle this matter by reducing the tax claim to €37.1 million of French tax and interest. The remaining €80.5 million will be retained by the Company and CEREP I. Accordingly, the Company recognized $71.5 million in principal investment income during the year ended December 31, 2019.
During 2017, the Company entered into settlement and purchase agreements with investors in a hedge fund and two structured finance vehicles managed by Vermillion related to investments of approximately $400 million in petroleum commodities that the Company believes were misappropriated by third parties outside the U.S. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company reached an agreement with the primary underwriters in the marine cargo insurance policies for $55 million, of which the Company recognized approximately $32 million in insurance proceeds during the year ended December 31, 2018, with the remaining proceeds to be distributed to former investors. Although additional recovery efforts continue, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in any of these efforts and the Company will not recognize any amounts in respect of such recoveries until such amounts are probable of payment.
The Company currently is and expects to continue to be, from time to time, subject to examinations, formal and informal inquiries and investigations by various U.S. and non-U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, including but not limited to, the SEC, Department of Justice, state attorneys general, FINRA, National Futures Association and the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. The Company routinely cooperates with such examinations, inquiries and investigations, and they may result in the commencement of civil, criminal, or administrative or other proceedings against the Company or its personnel.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings and employment-related matters, and some of the matters discussed above involve claims for potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts of damages. Based on information known by management, management does not believe that as of the date of this filing the final resolutions of the matters above will have a material effect upon the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. However, given the potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts of damages sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of investigations and litigations, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material effect on the Company’s financial results in any particular period.
The Company accrues an estimated loss contingency liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had recorded liabilities aggregating to approximately $35 million for litigation-related contingencies, regulatory examinations and inquiries, and other matters. The Company evaluates its outstanding legal and regulatory proceedings and other matters each quarter to assess its loss contingency accruals, and makes adjustments in such accruals, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. There is no assurance that the Company’s accruals for loss contingencies will not need to be adjusted in the future or that, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the accruals that the Company has recorded.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide general indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Company believes the risk of material loss to be remote.
Risks and Uncertainties
Carlyle’s funds seek investment opportunities that offer the possibility of attaining substantial capital appreciation. Certain events particular to each industry in which the underlying investees conduct their operations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory and public health conditions, may have a significant negative impact on the Company’s investments and profitability. For example, the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its implications may have a significant impact on the values of the investments of the funds and the performance of our strategic investments, and therefore the financial results of the Company. The funds managed by the Company may also experience a slowdown in the deployment of capital, which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to raise capital for new or successor funds and could also impact the management fees the Company earns on its carry funds and managed accounts. Such events are beyond the Company’s control, and the likelihood that they may occur and the effect on the Company cannot be predicted.
Furthermore, certain of the funds’ investments are made in private companies and there are generally no public markets for the underlying securities at the current time. The funds’ ability to liquidate their publicly-traded investments are often subject to limitations, including discounts that may be required to be taken on quoted prices due to the number of shares being sold. The funds’ ability to liquidate their investments and realize value is subject to significant limitations and uncertainties, including among others currency fluctuations and natural disasters.
45
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company and the funds make investments outside of the United States. Investments outside the United States may be subject to less developed bankruptcy, corporate, partnership and other laws (which may have the effect of disregarding or otherwise circumventing the limited liability structures potentially causing the actions or liabilities of one fund or a portfolio company to adversely impact the Company or an unrelated fund or portfolio company). Non-U.S. investments are subject to the same risks associated with the Company’s U.S. investments as well as additional risks, such as fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, difficulties in managing non-U.S. investments, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws.
Furthermore, Carlyle is exposed to economic risk concentrations related to certain large investments as well as concentrations of investments in certain industries and geographies.
Additionally, the Company encounters credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of default by a counterparty in the Company’s investments in debt securities, loans, leases and derivatives that result from a borrower’s, lessee’s or derivative counterparty’s inability or unwillingness to make required or expected payments.
The Company considers cash, cash equivalents, securities, receivables, principal equity method investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other liabilities, loans, senior notes, assets and liabilities of Consolidated Funds and contingent and other consideration for acquisitions to be its financial instruments. Except for the senior notes, the carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments equal or closely approximate their fair values. The fair value of the senior notes is disclosed in Note 5.
8. Related Party Transactions
Due from Affiliates and Other Receivables, Net
The Company had the following due from affiliates and other receivables at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued incentive fees | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Unbilled receivable for giveback obligations from current and former employees | |||||||||||
| Notes receivable and accrued interest from affiliates | |||||||||||
| Management fee, reimbursable expenses and other receivables from unconsolidated funds and affiliates, net | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Notes receivable represent loans that the Company has provided to certain unconsolidated funds to meet short-term obligations to purchase investments. Reimbursable expenses and other receivables from certain of the unconsolidated funds and portfolio companies relate to management fees receivable from limited partners, advisory fees receivable and expenses paid on behalf of these entities. These costs represent costs related to the pursuit of actual or proposed investments, professional fees and expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of the investments. The affiliates are obligated at the discretion of the Company to reimburse the expenses. Based on management’s determination, the Company accrues and charges interest on amounts due from affiliate accounts at interest rates ranging up to 6.96 % as of September 30, 2020. The accrued and charged interest to the affiliates was not significant for any period presented.
These receivables are assessed regularly for collectability and amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged directly to general, administrative and other expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A corresponding allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded and such amounts were not significant for any period presented.
46
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Due to Affiliates
The Company had the following due to affiliates balances at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Due to non-consolidated affiliates | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units | |||||||||||
| Amounts owed under the tax receivable agreement | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
The Company has recorded obligations for amounts due to certain of its affiliates. The Company periodically offsets expenses it has paid on behalf of its affiliates against these obligations. The amount owed under the tax receivable agreement is related primarily to the acquisition by the Company of Carlyle Holdings partnership units in June 2015 and March 2014, respectively, the exchange in May 2012 by CalPERS of its Carlyle Holdings partnership units for Company common units, as well as certain unit exchanges by senior Carlyle professionals prior to the Conversion. Deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units relates to the obligation to the former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units who will receive cash payments aggregating to $1.50 per Carlyle Holdings partnership unit exchanged in connection with the Conversion, payable in annual installments of $0.30 , the first of which occurred on January 31, 2020. The obligation was initially recorded at fair value, net of a discount of $11.3 million and measured using Level III inputs in the fair value hierarchy.
Other Related Party Transactions
In the normal course of business, the Company has made use of aircraft owned by entities controlled by senior Carlyle professionals. The senior Carlyle professionals paid for their purchases of aircraft and bear all operating, personnel and maintenance costs associated with their operation for personal use. Payment by the Company for the business use of these aircraft by senior Carlyle professionals and other employees, which is made at market rates, totaled $0.9 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $4.2 million and $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The accrual of aircraft fees is included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
On May 5, 2020, the Company purchased 2,000,000 shares of cumulative convertible preferred stock from TCG BDC in a private placement at a price of $25 per share (the “BDC Preferred Shares”). Dividends are payable on a quarterly basis in an initial amount equal to 7.0 % per annum payable in cash, or, at TCG BDC’s option, 9.0 % per annual payable in additional shares of BDC Preferred Stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $1.4 million for the cash dividends declared by TCG BDC, which is included in interest and other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s investment in the BDC Preferred Shares, which is recorded at fair value, is $57.6 million as of September 30, 2020 and included in investments, including accrued performance allocations, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Senior Carlyle professionals and employees are permitted to participate in co-investment entities that invest in Carlyle funds or alongside Carlyle funds. In many cases, participation is limited by law to individuals who qualify under applicable legal requirements. These co-investment entities generally do not require senior Carlyle professionals and employees to pay management fees or performance allocations, however, Carlyle professionals and employees are required to pay their portion of partnership expenses.
Carried interest income from the funds can be distributed to senior Carlyle professionals and employees on a current basis, but is subject to repayment by the subsidiary of the Company that acts as general partner of the fund in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The senior Carlyle professionals and certain other investment professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligation of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several and not joint and are limited to a particular individual’s distributions received.
The Company does business with some of its portfolio companies; all such arrangements are on a negotiated basis.
47
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
9. Income Taxes
Following the Conversion on January 1, 2020, all of the income before provision for income taxes attributable to the Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes. Prior to the Conversion, the Company was generally organized as a series of pass through entities pursuant to the United States Internal Revenue Code. As such, the Company was not responsible for the tax liability due on certain income earned during the year. Such income is taxed at the unitholder and non-controlling interest holder level, and any income tax is the responsibility of the unitholders and is paid at that level.
The Conversion resulted in a step-up in the tax basis of certain assets that will be recovered as those assets are sold or the basis is amortized. The Company recorded an estimated net deferred tax asset of $256.6 million relating to this step-up in tax basis. The Conversion and subsequent exchange of Carlyle Holdings units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock of the Company also resulted in an estimated net reduction of the deferred tax asset of $400.5 million. This amount was generated by: (1) deferred tax liabilities on investments and accrued performance revenue allocations, net of related compensation, which were not previously subject to U.S. corporate income tax, (2) an increase in the historical net deferred tax assets reflecting deferred tax amounts previously allocated to private unitholders, and (3) a decrease in the historical net deferred tax assets reflecting the impact of reducing our effective state tax rate under the corporate structure. Together with the estimated step-up in tax basis, the Conversion resulted in an estimated net reduction to the Company’s net deferred tax asset of $143.9 million on January 1, 2020.
The impact of the Conversion to the Company’s net deferred tax assets is based on information currently available; however, the impact of the Conversion cannot be fully determined until the analysis of the tax and book basis of underlying assets of certain partnerships is complete using the Company’s final 2019 tax return information. Any differences from the current estimates will be recorded to the provision (benefit) for income taxes in future quarters.
The effect of the exchange of Carlyle Holdings units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. in the Conversion is accounted for as a transaction with non-controlling shareholders, the direct tax effects of which are recorded in equity. The effect of the termination of the status of the Company as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes in the Conversion is accounted for as a change in tax status and the related deferred tax effects are recorded in the provision (benefit) for income taxes in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Of the estimated $143.9 million net reduction in the net deferred tax asset of the Company resulting from the Conversion, $90.3 million of expense was recorded in the provision (benefit) for income taxes and $53.6 million recorded directly as a reduction to equity in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes was $82.4 million and $9.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $54.7 million and $48.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the provision for income taxes reflects a tax benefit of $35.6 million related to the net loss recorded during the period, net of the $90.3 million expense discussed above related to Conversion. The Company’s effective tax rate was approximately 20 % and 4 % for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and (47 )% and 4 % for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the income tax expense resulting from the Conversion offsetting the tax benefit from the net loss recorded in the period. In periods prior to the Conversion, the effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate because of the Company’s status as a partnership.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. With a few exceptions, as of September 30, 2020, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2016 through 2019 are open under the normal three-year statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. State and local tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2014 to 2019. Foreign tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2011 to 2019. Certain of the Company’s affiliates are currently under audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities.
The Company does not believe that the outcome of these audits will require it to record material reserves for uncertain tax positions or that the outcome will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
48
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
10. Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities
The components of the Company’s non-controlling interests in consolidated entities are as follows:
| As of | |||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest in carried interest, giveback obligations and cash held for carried interest distributions | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | $ | $ | |||||||||
The components of the Company’s non-controlling interests in income (loss) of consolidated entities are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest in carried interest, giveback obligations and cash held for carried interest distributions | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in income (loss) of consolidated entities | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
11. Earnings Per Common Share
Basic and diluted net income per common share are calculated as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common shares | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common shares | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per common share | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
49
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuable Carlyle Group Inc. common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuable Carlyle Group Inc. common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company applies the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted-average common shares represented by the unvested restricted stock units. Also included in the determination of dilutive weighted-average common shares are issuable common shares associated with the Company’s acquisitions, strategic investments in NGP and performance-vesting restricted stock units. All such awards are antidilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share given the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Prior to the Conversion, the Company also included contingently issuable Carlyle Holdings partnership units in the determination of dilutive weighted-average common shares. The Company applied the “if-converted” method to the vested Carlyle Holdings partnership units to determine the dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding in 2019. The Company applied the treasury stock method to the unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units and the “if-converted” method on the resulting number of additional Carlyle Holdings partnership units to determine the dilutive weighted-average common shares represented by the unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units.
Preferred Unit Issuance and Redemption
On September 13, 2017, the Company issued 16,000,000 of 5.875 % Series A Preferred Units (the “Preferred Units”) for gross proceeds of $400.0 million, or $387.5 million, net of issuance costs and expenses. Distributions on the Preferred Units were payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2017, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, at a rate per annum of 5.875 %. Distributions on the Preferred Units were discretionary and non-cumulative.
On October 7, 2019, the Company redeemed the Preferred Units in full pursuant to the tax redemption provisions of the Preferred Units at a price of $25.339757 per unit, which is equal to $25.25 per Preferred Unit plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date.
Stock Repurchase Program
In December 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units. As part of the Conversion, in January 2020 the Board of Directors re-authorized the December 2018 repurchase program. Under the repurchase program, shares of common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and actual number of shares of
50
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
common stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. The Company did no t repurchase any shares of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company paid an aggregate of $26.4 million to repurchase and retire approximately 1.1 million shares with all of the repurchases done via open market and brokered transactions. As of September 30, 2020, $139.1 million of repurchase capacity remains under the program.
Dividends
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly dividends on the common shares, which were made at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company.
| Dividend Record Date | Dividend Payment Date | Dividend per Common Share (1) | Dividend to Common Stockholders | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| May 13, 2019 | May 20, 2019 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| August 12, 2019 | August 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| November 12, 2019 | November 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| February 18, 2020 | February 25, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total 2019 Dividend Year | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 12, 2020 | May 19, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| August 11, 2020 | August 18, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| November 10, 2020 | November 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total 2020 Dividend Year (through Q3 2020) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) The dividends to common stockholders beginning in Q4 2019 reflect the exchange of all Carlyle Holdings partnership units to shares of common stock in The Carlyle Group Inc. in connection with the Conversion on January 1, 2020.
The Board of Directors will take into account general economic and business conditions, as well as the Company’s strategic plans and prospects, business and investment opportunities, financial condition and obligations, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, other constraints on the payment of dividends by the Company to its common stockholders or by subsidiaries to the Company, and other such factors as the Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, the terms of the Company’s credit facility provide certain limits on the Company’s ability to pay dividends.
13. Equity-Based Compensation
In May 2012, Carlyle Group Management L.L.C., the general partner of the Partnership, adopted the Equity Incentive Plan. The Equity Incentive Plan, which was amended on January 1, 2020 in connection with the Conversion to reflect shares of the Company’s common stock, is a source of equity-based awards permitting the Company to grant to Carlyle employees, directors and consultants non-qualified options, share appreciation rights, common shares, restricted stock units and other awards based on the Company’s common shares. The total number of the Company’s common shares which were initially available for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan was 30,450,000 . The Equity Incentive Plan contains a provision which automatically increases the number of the Company’s common shares available for grant based on a pre-determined formula; this increase occurs annually on January 1. As of January 1, 2020, pursuant to the formula, the total number of the Company’s common shares available for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan was 34,715,889 .
51
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested equity-based awards as of September 30, 2020 and a summary of changes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, are presented below:
| Unvested Shares | Restricted Stock Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Unvested Common Shares (1) | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes common shares issued in connection with the Company’s strategic investment in NGP.
The Company recorded compensation expense for restricted stock units of $18.7 million and $36.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with $4.5 million and $3.2 million of corresponding deferred tax benefits, respectively. The Company recorded compensation expense for restricted stock units of $78.3 million and $107.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with $19.5 million and $9.9 million of corresponding deferred tax benefits, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units is $139.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 2.0 years.
14. Segment Reporting
Carlyle conducts its operations through four reportable segments:
Corporate Private Equity – The Corporate Private Equity segment is comprised of the Company’s operations that advise a diverse group of funds that invest in buyout, middle market and growth capital transactions that focus on either a particular geography, industry, or strategy.
Real Assets – The Real Assets segment is comprised of the Company’s operations that advise U.S. and international funds focused on real estate, infrastructure, and energy transactions.
Global Credit – The Global Credit segment advises a group of funds that pursue investment opportunities across various types of credit, including loans and structured credit, direct lending, opportunistic credit, energy credit, distressed credit, aircraft financing and servicing, and capital solutions.
Investment Solutions – The Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities through AlpInvest. This segment also includes Metropolitan, a global manager of real estate fund of funds and related co-investment and secondary activities.
The Company’s reportable business segments are differentiated by their various investment focuses and strategies. Overhead costs are generally allocated based on cash-based compensation and benefits expense for each segment. The Company’s earnings from its investment in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions within the Real Assets segment.
Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings, or “DE,” is a key performance benchmark used in the Company’s industry and is evaluated regularly by management in making resource deployment and compensation decisions and in assessing performance of the Company’s four reportable segments. Management also uses DE in budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of the Company’s segments. Management believes that reporting DE is helpful to understanding the Company’s business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze the Company’s segment performance. DE is intended to show the amount of net realized earnings without the effects of the consolidation of the Consolidated Funds. DE is derived from the Company’s segment reported results and is used to assess performance.
Distributable Earnings differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes certain tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues (comprised of performance allocations and incentive fees), and does not include unrealized performance allocations and related compensation expense, unrealized principal investment income, equity-based compensation expense, net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interests in consolidated entities, or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges
52
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges associated with acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate conversion costs, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions and dispositions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent considerations issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, impairment charges associated with lease right-of-use assets, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance. Management believes the inclusion or exclusion of these items provides investors with a meaningful indication of the Company’s core operating performance.
Fee Related Earnings. Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE,” is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of DE and also adjusts DE to exclude net realized performance revenues, realized principal investment income, net interest (interest income less interest expense), and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.
53
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Credit | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
54
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Credit | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets as of September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
55
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following tables present the financial data for the Company’s four reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Credit | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
56
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Credit | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
57
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | (a) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | (c) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | $ | (d) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | (a) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | (c) | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | $ | (d) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following tables reconcile the Total Segments to the Company’s Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and Total Assets as of September 30, 2020.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | ( | (a) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | (c) | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | (d) | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | ( | (e) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | (a) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | $ | $ | $ | (b) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | (c) | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable earnings | $ | $ | $ | (d) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The Revenues adjustment principally represents unrealized performance revenues, unrealized principal investment income (loss) (including Fortitude Re), revenues earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect
58
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, and the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues, as detailed below:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized principal investment income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from investment in Fortitude Re | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments related to expenses associated with investments in NGP Management and its affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense associated with certain performance revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of revenues of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The following table reconciles the total segments fund level fee revenue to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, the Company’s consolidated fund management fees, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments - Fund level fee revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments (1) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated - Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Adjustments represent the reclassification of NGP management fees from principal investment income, the reclassification of certain incentive fees from business development companies and other credit products, management fees earned from consolidated CLOs which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s fund management fees, and the reclassification of certain amounts included in portfolio advisory fees, net and other in the segment results that are included in interest and other income in the U.S. GAAP results.
(b)The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Company, the inclusion of equity-based compensation, certain tax expenses associated with realized performance revenues related compensation, and unrealized performance revenues related compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, and charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items, as detailed below:
59
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized performance revenues related compensation | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related charges and amortization of intangibles and impairment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues related compensation | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate conversion costs, severance and other adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
(c)The Other Income (Loss) adjustment results from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total Other Income (Loss).
(d)The following table is a reconciliation of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Income Taxes to Distributable Earnings and to Fee Related Earnings:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net unrealized performance revenues | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized principal investment (income) loss | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted unrealized principal investment (income) loss from investment in Fortitude Re | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax (expense) benefit associated with certain foreign performance revenues | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate conversion costs, severance and other adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized performance revenues, net of related compensation (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized principal investment income (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
60
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(1) Equity-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 includes amounts that are presented in principal investment income and general, administrative and other expenses in our U.S. GAAP statement of operations.
(2) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (3) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
(3) Adjustments to performance revenues and principal investment income (loss) relate to (i) unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense and unrealized principal investment income, which are excluded from the segment results, (ii) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the segment results, (iii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iv) the reclassification of NGP performance revenues, which are included in principal
61
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(e) The Total Assets adjustment represents the addition of the assets of the Consolidated Funds that were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total assets.
15. Subsequent Events
Dividends
In October 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to common stockholders of record at the close of business on November 10, 2020, payable on November 17, 2020.
62
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
16. Supplemental Financial Information
The following supplemental financial information illustrates the consolidating effects of the Consolidated Funds on the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The supplemental statement of cash flows is presented without effects of the Consolidated Funds.
| As of September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, including performance allocations of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued giveback obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings (deficit) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
63
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| As of December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments, including performance allocations of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities and partners’ capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due to affiliates | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued giveback obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partners’ capital | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total partners’ capital | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and partners’ capital | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
64
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
65
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment loss of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before provision for income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
66
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment losses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Unitholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Units redemption premium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
67
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment losses of Consolidated Funds | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Unitholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Units redemption premium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
68
The Carlyle Group Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Non-cash performance allocations and incentive fees | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-cash principal investment (income) loss | ( | ||||||||||
| Other non-cash amounts | ( | ||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payment of purchase price adjustment in Fortitude Re | ( | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of investments | |||||||||||
| Change in deferred taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Change in due from affiliates and other receivables | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in deposits and other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Change in due to affiliates | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in lease right-of-use asset and lease liability | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Borrowings under credit facilities | |||||||||||
| Repayments under credit facilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Issuance of 3.500% senior notes due 2029, net of financing costs | |||||||||||
| Repayment of term loan | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments on debt obligations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from debt obligations, net of financing costs | |||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Dividends to common stockholders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Distributions to preferred unitholders | ( | ||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling interest holders in Carlyle Holdings | ( | ||||||||||
| Payment of deferred consideration for Carlyle Holdings units | ( | ||||||||||
| Contributions from non-controlling interest holders | |||||||||||
| Distributions to non-controlling interest holders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Common shares repurchased | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Change in due to/from affiliates financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | $ | $ | |||||||||
69
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
On January 1, 2020, we completed our conversion from a Delaware limited partnership named The Carlyle Group L.P. into a Delaware corporation named The Carlyle Group Inc. Pursuant to the Conversion, at the specified effective time on January 1, 2020, each common unit of The Carlyle Group L.P. outstanding immediately prior to the effective time converted into one share of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. and each special voting unit and general partner unit was canceled for no consideration. In addition, holders of the partnership units in Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P. exchanged such units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock and certain other restructuring steps occurred (the conversion, together with such restructuring steps and related transactions, the “Conversion”).
Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this report to “Carlyle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer (i) prior to the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) from and after the consummation of the Conversion to The Carlyle Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to our common stock in periods prior to the Conversion refer to the common units of The Carlyle Group L.P.
The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Company”). Such analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Overview
We conduct our operations through four reportable segments: Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, Global Credit, and Investment Solutions.
•Corporate Private Equity — Our Corporate Private Equity segment advises our buyout, middle market and growth capital funds, which seek a wide variety of investments of different sizes and growth potentials. As of September 30, 2020, our Corporate Private Equity segment had $85 billion in AUM and $58 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
•Real Assets — Our Real Assets segment advises our U.S. and internationally focused real estate funds, our infrastructure funds, and our international energy funds. The segment also includes the NGP Predecessor Funds and NGP Carry Funds advised by NGP. As of September 30, 2020, our Real Assets segment had $40 billion in AUM and $32 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
•Global Credit — Our Global Credit segment advises funds and vehicles that pursue investment strategies including loans and structured credit, direct lending, opportunistic credit, energy credit, distressed credit, aircraft financing and servicing, and insurance. As of September 30, 2020, our Global Credit segment had $53 billion in AUM and $42 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
•Investment Solutions — Our Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity and real estate fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities across 260 fund vehicles. As of September 30, 2020, our Investment Solutions segment had $52 billion in AUM and $35 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
We earn management fees pursuant to contractual arrangements with the investment funds that we manage and fees for transaction advisory and oversight services provided to portfolio companies of these funds. We also typically receive from an investment fund either an incentive fee or a special residual allocation of income, which we refer to as a performance allocation, or carried interest, in the event that specified investment returns are achieved by the fund. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), we are required to consolidate some of the investment funds that we advise. However, for segment reporting purposes, we present revenues and expenses on a basis that deconsolidates these investment funds. Accordingly, our segment revenues primarily consist of fund management and related advisory fees, realized performance revenues (consisting of incentive fees and performance allocations), realized principal investment income, including realized gains on our investments in our funds and other trading securities, as well as interest and other income. Our segment expenses primarily consist of compensation and benefits expenses, including salaries, bonuses, realized performance payment arrangements, and general and administrative expenses. While our segment expenses include depreciation and interest expense, our segment expenses exclude acquisition-related charges and amortization of intangibles and impairment. Refer to Note 14 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on the differences between our financial results reported pursuant to U.S. GAAP and our financial results for segment reporting purposes.
70
Our Family of Funds
The following chart presents the name (acronym), total capital commitments (in the case of our carry funds, structured credit funds, and the NGP Predecessor Funds), gross assets (in the case of our BDCs), assets under management (in the case of certain other products as noted) and vintage year of the active funds in each of our segments, as of September 30, 2020. We present total capital commitments (as opposed to assets under management) for our closed-end investment funds because we believe this metric provides the most useful information regarding the relative size and scale of such funds. In the case of our products which are open-ended and accordingly do not have permanent committed capital, we generally believe the most useful metric regarding relative size and scale is assets under management.
| Corporate Private Equity | Global Credit | Real Assets 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Buyout Carry Funds | Loans & Structured Credit | Real Estate Carry Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Partners (U.S.) | Cash CLO’s | Carlyle Realty Partners (U.S.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VII | $18.5 bn | 2018 | U.S. | $19.7 bn | 2012-2020 | CRP VIII | $5.5 bn | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | $13.0 bn | 2014 | Europe | €7.3 bn | 2013-2020 | CRP VII | $4.2 bn | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP V | $13.7 bn | 2007 | Structured Credit Carry Funds | CRP VI | $2.3 bn | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Financial Services Partners | CREV | $0.5 bn | 2020 | CRP V | $3.0 bn | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP III | $1.0 bn | 2018 | CSC | $0.8 bn | 2017 | CRP IV | $1.0 bn | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II | $1.0 bn | 2013 | Direct Lending | Core Plus Real Estate (U.S.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Europe Partners | Business Development Companies1 | CPI2 | $3.6 bn | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP V | €6.4 bn | 2018 | TCG BDC II, Inc. | $2.0 bn | 2017 | International Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP IV | €3.7 bn | 2014 | TCG BDC, Inc. | $2.0 bn | 2013 | CER | €0.5 bn | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP III | €5.3 bn | 2007 | Opportunistic Credit Carry Fund | CEREP III | €2.2 bn | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP II | €1.8 bn | 2003 | CCOF | $2.4 bn | 2017 | Natural Resources Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Asia Partners | Energy Credit Carry Funds | NGP Energy Carry Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP V | $6.6 bn | 2018 | CEMOF II | $2.8 bn | 2015 | NGP XII | $4.3 bn | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CBPF II | RMB 2.0 bn | 2017 | CEMOF I | $1.4 bn | 2011 | NGP XI | $5.3 bn | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP IV | $3.9 bn | 2014 | Distressed Credit Carry Funds | NGP X | $3.6 bn | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP III | $2.6 bn | 2008 | CSP IV | $2.5 bn | 2016 | NGP Other Carry Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Japan Partners | CSP III | $0.7 bn | 2011 | NGP Minerals | $0.2 bn | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP IV | ¥258.0 bn | 2020 | CSP II | $1.4 bn | 2007 | NGP GAP | $0.4 bn | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP III | ¥119.5 bn | 2013 | Carlyle Aviation Partners | NGP Predecessor Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP II | ¥165.6 bn | 2006 | SASOF V | $0.9 bn | 2020 | Various3 | $5.7 bn | 2007-2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Global Partners | SASOF IV | $1.0 bn | 2018 | International Energy Carry Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP II | $1.2 bn | 2020 | SASOF III | $0.8 bn | 2015 | CIEP II | $2.3 bn | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP I | $3.6 bn | 2015 | SASOF II | $0.6 bn | 2012 | CIEP I | $2.5 bn | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle MENA Partners | Securitization vehicles2 | $2.0 bn | Various | Infrastructure Carry Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MENA I | $0.5 bn | 2008 | 9 other vehicles2 | $2.0 bn | Various | CRSEF | $0.3 bn | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle South American Buyout Fund | Other Credit | CGIOF | $2.2 bn | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSABF I | $0.8 bn | 2009 | Fortitude5 | $2.5 bn | 2020 | CPP II | $1.5 bn | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Sub-Saharan Africa Fund | CPOCP | $0.5 bn | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSSAF I | $0.7 bn | 2012 | Investment Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Peru Fund | AlpInvest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPF I | $0.3 bn | 2012 | Fund of Private Equity Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Middle Market & Growth Carry Funds | 97 vehicles | €44.6 bn | 2000-2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle U.S. Venture/Growth Partners | Secondary Investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF II | $2.4 bn | 2015 | 69 vehicles | €22.8 bn | 2002-2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF I | $1.1 bn | 2011 | Co-Investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CVP II | $0.6 bn | 2001 | 65 vehicles | €15.7 bn | 2002-2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Europe Technology Partners | Metropolitan Real Estate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP IV | €1.4 bn | 2019 | 38 vehicles | $5.0 bn | 2002-2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP III | €0.7 bn | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Asia Venture/Growth Partners | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP Growth I | $0.3 bn | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAGP IV | $1.0 bn | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Cardinal Ireland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CCI | €0.3 bn | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: All amounts shown represent total capital commitments as of September 30, 2020 unless otherwise noted. Certain of our recent vintage funds are currently in fundraising and total capital commitments are subject to change. In addition, certain carry funds included herein may be disclosed which are not included in fund performance if they have not made an initial capital call or commenced investment activity. The NGP funds are advised by NGP Energy Capital Management, LLC, a separately registered investment adviser, and we do not serve as an investment adviser to those funds.
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(1)Amounts represent gross assets plus any available capital as of September 30, 2020.
(2)Amounts represent Total AUM as of September 30, 2020.
(3)Includes NGP M&R, NGP ETP II, and NGP IX, on which we are not entitled to a share of carried interest.
(4)Real Assets also includes the Legacy Energy funds, which we jointly advise with Riverstone Holdings L.L.C. The impact of these funds is no longer significant to our results of operations.
(5)Reflects AUM related to capital raised from third-party investors to acquire a 76.6% interest in Fortitude Holdings.
Trends Affecting our Business
Aggregate economic activity continued to improve through the third quarter of 2020, though dispersion in performance across industries and geographies has been substantial. New severe waves of COVID-19 infections in Europe and the U.S. battered the travel, tourism, hospitality, and energy sectors. U.S. hotel occupancy stagnated at 50% of capacity in the third quarter, and Southern European tourism activity posted double-digit declines from June to September. At the same time, China’s economic output is now ahead of last year’s, overall U.S. business spending, led by software and services, exceeded 2019 levels during the third quarter, and household spending in advanced economies boomed as more spending occurred online. Our proprietary portfolio data suggest that growth in certain industries such as healthcare and technology accelerated during the third quarter. The resilience in economic activity outside of the worst-affected sectors is reflected in a nearly 1 percentage point upward revision to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) global growth forecast since June.
While unexpected resilience in goods consumption, residential real estate markets, and business spending have led to upward revisions in 2020 global growth estimates, real and significant risks remain for the outlook into 2021. Unlike the past two cycles, where massive default volumes and credit rationing led to significant deleveraging in the early stages of recovery, default estimates for this cycle have been revised down due to the record issuance of corporate bonds. Consequently, there is the prospect that many insolvent companies will have sufficient liquidity buffers to stay in operation, with the implication that a full recession-driven default reckoning has simply been pushed into the future, rather than avoided. Although U.S. consumption over the past few months has been strong, month-over-month momentum has slowed and stagnated as stimulus benefits dwindled and household incomes fell. In the U.S., the fiscal support of the CARES Act, which bolstered household balance sheets and temporarily funded thousands of airline jobs, has expired; recent political realities have made the prospect of additional stimulus before 2021 less likely. In Europe, underlying labor market fragility poses a potential risk to the longer-term growth outlook for the region. Direct state aid programs have artificially suppressed unemployment rates to date as in some European economies, more than 10% of the workforce is still supported by employment retention programs. While many of these policies have been extended into 2021, an eventual labor market shakeout remains a possibility. Both the IMF and the U.S. Federal Reserve have called for advanced economies to increase public investment and fiscal spending in recent weeks, emphasizing that the risk of long-term damage to economies due to too little support far outweighs concerns of amassing additional government debt. Survey data collected in September by the AP-NORC Center points to increasing levels of permanent job losses, as 56% of unemployed survey participants claimed they do not expect to return to the same job they had before the pandemic, up from just 20% in May.
Of particular note are risks to the outlooks for the transportation industry, where recovery in metrics such as discretionary air travel and public transit ridership lags other macro indicators, and the infrastructure sector, where the pandemic has materially altered the financial models on current and future development projects, as well as caused severe projected budget shortfalls at the state and local level, which limit the capacity for additional spending and thus the likelihood of new projects. The potential for a sustained period of severely depressed commercial air travel may have significant implications not just for the airlines but for the myriad companies such as aircraft suppliers, their vendors and airport services firms that depend on the aviation industry for all or much of their revenues. The likelihood of financial hardship for aviation- and aerospace-exposed companies within our portfolios will likely rise the longer commercial air travel remains substantially below prior year levels.
Global geopolitical tensions, already strained pre-pandemic, have been exacerbated by the widespread economic disruption. U.S.-China relations, which had appeared to reach a détente at the end of 2019, have soured anew in recent months with mutual escalations in harsh rhetoric, sanctions, and export restrictions. The imposition of a new national security law on Hong Kong has prompted backlash from various global players, thereby increasing overall uncertainty about risks associated with international trade with Hong Kong, the potential for increased taxation on Hong Kong-related transactions, and new regulatory restrictions and data protection concerns for businesses operated in Hong Kong (including our Hong Kong operations). Disputes over digital services taxes and import tariffs on luxury goods imports have reignited U.S.-EU trade tensions. Political instability and the potential for a broader pullback in global trade introduce risks to the economic growth of most economies, and particularly those with significant export-dependence. Domestically within the U.S., continued pressure from heightened unemployment, coupled with increasing political divisiveness and unrest related to social injustice as the U.S. approaches the November 2020 elections, creates significant uncertainty around the direction of future economic growth and policy approaches. We are a global firm that depends on the ability to execute cross-border transactions and to collaborate freely between our offices around the world. While the rise of geopolitical tensions and the possibility of deglobalization
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introduces risks to future performance and we expect that the global recovery will continue to be uneven with differing impacts across asset classes, industries and regions, we currently believe this environment will create investment opportunities that we plan to strategically pursue as they arise while also remaining circumspect in certain more troubled asset classes, industries and regions.
China continued to lead the global recovery in the third quarter of 2020, with strong official GDP growth of 4.9% year-over-year. While the initial phase of its rebound was largely driven by value-chain related production bounces on external pent-up demand, current data suggest that economic improvement in the region has been increasingly led by domestic demand. Consumption – the recovery of which lagged throughout the second quarter of 2020 – finally accelerated in the third quarter. Our proprietary portfolio data indicate that in-store retail sales in China returned to year-ago levels for the first time in September 2020 as foot traffic recovered to pre-pandemic volumes in many locations. Real estate transactions in China also saw significant growth in the third quarter and rose nearly 30% relative to year-ago volumes in September, driving a dramatic 3-point decline in months of inventories.
While the European economy broadly improved in the third quarter, severe second waves of coronavirus infections across many southern European countries and differences in the composition of economic activity throughout the region have led to significant performance dispersion. The economic impact of the second waves of the pandemic has generally been localized to certain susceptible services and “experiences” sectors, such as tourism spending, which alone accounts for 15% to 25% of GDP in southern European countries. Similarly, while European industrial goods and equipment orders continued to grow through the third quarter of 2020, our portfolio data suggest that the improvement has been concentrated in China export-oriented businesses such as those prevalent in Germany. Discretionary household retail consumption appears to be the one bright spot across European economies, supported by consistently strong e-commerce growth. Despite weak foot traffic, euro area retail sales in our portfolio grew 17% over year-ago levels in September 2020 as consumers substituted goods for services spending.
The U.S. economy also improved through the third quarter, even as new daily coronavirus infections topped 60,000 in July and continued to grow by 40,000 per day at the end of September. GDP rose 33.1% over the second quarter at an annualized rate, led by a 40.7% annualized gain in personal consumption expenditures, leaving the economy just 2.9% smaller than year-ago levels. As we observed in Europe, the economic toll exacted by rising cases in the U.S. was concentrated in the energy, hospitality, and travel sectors. Consumer and business spending activity more broadly, however, remained robust, while the U.S. residential real estate market outperformed on record-low mortgage rates and rising demand for single-family housing. U.S. retail sales averaged an impressive 1.3% year-over-year growth rate in real terms in the third quarter. While capital expenditures have risen overall, outlooks differ markedly by industry. A survey of companies in our portfolio indicated that ongoing declines in transportation industry revenue expectations seem likely to presage further cuts in aerospace capacity, while investment in the technology sector seems likely to accelerate.
Global equity markets continued to advance in the third quarter, but gains were tempered at the end of the third quarter by anxiety over second and third coronavirus infection “waves”, seesawing stimulus negotiations in the U.S., and uncertainties surrounding the upcoming U.S. elections in November 2020. From June 30 through September 30, 2020, the S&P 500, MSCI ACWI, EuroStoxx 600, and Shanghai Composite rose 8.5%, 7.7%, 0.2%, and 7.8%, respectively. In the U.S., analysts currently estimate third quarter earnings for companies in the S&P 500 declined 21% year-over-year, with the largest contractions concentrated in the energy and industrials (including transportation) sectors. For the year through September 30, stocks in the airline, cruises, and resort industries have underperformed the S&P 500 by 50%.
Bond markets were stable in the third quarter. The 10-year Treasury yield was basically unchanged, investment grade yields fell 24 basis points to new lows, and high yield spreads tightened a further 100 basis points. The Federal Reserve announced a shift in its policy framework to a moving average inflation target, committing to allow inflation to overshoot its 2% target for “some time.” As a result, futures markets now expect short-term rates to remain near zero through 2025. Within corporate credit, businesses have taken advantage of low interest rates through massive debt issuance and restructurings, building large cash piles as liquidity buffers.
In the third quarter, our carry fund portfolio continued to build on strong momentum, appreciating 5% following the second quarter’s 5% appreciation. Consistent with past patterns, our portfolio appreciation was less volatile than the MSCI ACWI’s 8% increase in the third quarter. Our Corporate Private Equity funds appreciated by 5% in the third quarter driven by strong performance in our U.S. and Asia buyout portfolio. In our Real Assets funds, our real estate funds appreciated 3% in the third quarter, continuing their stable performance, and our natural resources funds appreciated 1%. In our Global Credit segment, our carry funds (which represent approximately 13% of the total Global Credit remaining fair value) appreciated 4% in the quarter, reflecting performance in our credit opportunities and structured credit fund, and our latest generation distressed credit fund. Our Investment Solutions funds appreciated 8% in the third quarter, though the valuations of our primary and secondary fund of funds generally reflect investment fair values on a one-quarter lag. With continued positive impact from
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valuations across the portfolio, net accrued performance revenues on our balance sheet increased to nearly $2 billion at September 30, 2020, up 10% and 14% for the quarter and year-to-date, and in line with our historical peak. Significant IPO activity in our portfolio during 2020 has increased the portion of our traditional carry funds attributable to publicly traded companies to 14% of fair value in the third quarter, compared to 6% at the end of 2019. While these IPOs have performed well to date overall, this shift may result in an increasing correlation to public market performance and a significant concentration of investment gains in individual investments for certain funds. To the extent that there is volatility in public equity markets and/or the prices of our publicly-traded portfolio companies, there may be elevated volatility in our performance revenue accrual in the coming quarters.
Generally, the investment period for our funds enables us to be patient in deploying capital. During the third quarter, our carry funds invested $3.7 billion in new or follow-on transactions, and we have invested $9.6 billion year to date. Challenges in certain specific industries could lead to a longer-term slowdown in certain areas such as energy and infrastructure, and the disruptive effects on the finances of many municipalities has slowed development projects. While the industry’s large buyout volume has been muted, our teams are becoming more active assessing traditional opportunities like carve-outs and take-privates, and we are optimistic that deployment activity can continue to ramp up as we move into 2021. For example, our investment teams in Corporate Private Equity have recently signed or announced transactions for an additional $3 billion in capital to be deployed in the coming quarters.
We generated $3.9 billion in realized proceeds from our carry funds in the third quarter and realized $14.1 billion year to date. We expect near-term exit activity to depend on the trajectory of multiple and varied macro environment factors, but we believe that our recent IPO activity and maturing portfolio position us well to deliver higher levels of both realized proceeds and realized performance revenue over the long term. For example, during the third quarter we realized performance revenue for the first time in our sixth U.S. Buyout fund, which reflects the value creation and advancing maturity profile of that flagship fund.
Fundraising has remained generally resilient since the onset of the pandemic. We have raised $17.8 billion in new capital thus far in 2020, with particular strength in Investment Solutions and Global Credit. Our funds remain well capitalized, and we have not yet started our next major fundraising program. However, continued downward pressure on energy commodity prices may create headwinds in additional fundraising in our energy funds.
At the beginning of the pandemic, many observers conflated a return to the office with a return to business as usual. Instead, business volumes and productivity rose to pre-pandemic levels well in advance of full office reopening. Since the start of the pandemic our employees have proven what they can accomplish while they are not in the office, and they remain well connected and engaged with each other and our stakeholders through our suite of teleconferencing and virtual meeting solutions. While we have generally reopened our offices around the globe, most employees continue to work remotely and we continue to successfully operate our business and address the needs of our shareholders, fund investors and portfolio companies.
In the months leading up to the U.S. Presidential and Congressional elections, there has been an increasing level of public discourse, debate and media coverage regarding the appropriate extent of regulation and oversight of the financial industry, including investment firms, as well as the tax treatment of certain investments and income generated from such investments. We are closely evaluating the financial proposals put forth by the various U.S. presidential and Congressional candidates and evaluating potential impacts on our business of the continuation of the current tax and regulatory regimes versus the potential for an additional fiscal stimulus package early in 2021 that we anticipate could be followed by longer-term spending increases on infrastructure, climate, health care and education and related longer-term tax increases. Furthermore, the potential for policy changes in these areas may create regulatory uncertainty for our portfolio companies and our investment strategies and adversely affect the profitability of our portfolio companies.
Recent Transactions
Dividends
In October 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share to common stockholders of record at the close of business on November 10, 2020, payable on November 17, 2020.
Key Financial Measures
Our key financial measures are discussed in the following pages. Additional information regarding these key financial measures and our other significant accounting policies can be found in Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Revenues
Revenues primarily consist of fund management fees, incentive fees, investment income (including performance allocations), realized and unrealized gains of our investments in our funds and other principal investments, as well as interest and other income.
Fund Management Fees. Fund management fees include management fees and transaction and portfolio advisory fees. We earn management fees for advisory services we provide to funds in which we hold a general partner interest or with which we have an investment advisory or investment management agreement. Additionally, management fees include catch-up management fees, which are episodic in nature and represent management fees charged to fund investors in subsequent closings of a fund which apply to the time period between the fee initiation date and the subsequent closing date.
Management fees attributable to Carlyle Partners VII, L.P. (“CP VII”), our seventh U.S. buyout fund with $17.5 billion of Fee-earning AUM as of September 30, 2020 were approximately 17% of total management fees recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. No other fund generated over 10% of total management fees in the periods presented.
Approximately 90% of our fee revenue is in the form of management fees from traditional closed-end, long-dated funds, which are highly predictable and stable, and do not have significant exposure to the underlying fund valuations. Growth of these fees relies on new vintages or new carry fund families, and to the extent fundraising for these products is delayed, growth of this revenue base will be similarly delayed. With regard to the other 10% of fee revenue, a portion includes about $120 million annually from management fees on our CLOs in the form of base fees and subordinated fees. At the beginning of the pandemic, we were concerned that a substantial amount of these subordinated fees, which represent approximately 70% of this revenue base, would be deferred. Although we deferred approximately $7.0 million of the CLO subordinated fees (after the effect of consolidated CLOs) in the first half of the year, we recaptured all of these fees in the third quarter.
Fund management fees exclude the reimbursement of any partnership expenses paid by the Company on behalf of the Carlyle funds pursuant to the limited partnership agreements, including amounts related to the pursuit of actual, proposed, or unconsummated investments, professional fees, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, and other fund administrative expenses.
Transaction and Portfolio Advisory Fees. Transaction and portfolio advisory fees generally include fees we receive for the transaction and portfolio advisory services we provide to our portfolio companies, as well as underwriting fees from our loan syndication and capital markets business, Carlyle Capital Solutions (“CCS”). Underwriting fees include gains, losses and fees arising from securities offerings in which we participate in the underwriter syndicate, and are generally not subject to the rebate offset as described below. When covered by separate contractual agreements, we recognize transaction and portfolio advisory fees for these services when the performance obligation has been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured. We are required to offset our fund management fees earned by a percentage of the transaction and advisory fees earned, which we refer to as the “rebate offsets.” Historically, such rebate offset percentages generally approximated 80% of the fund’s portion of the transaction and advisory fees earned. However, the percentage of transaction and portfolio advisory fees we share with our investors on our recent vintage funds has generally increased, and as such the rebate offset percentages generally range from 80% to 100% of the fund’s portion of the transaction and advisory fees earned, such that a larger share of the transaction fee revenue we retain is driven by co-investment and underwriting activity. The recognition of portfolio advisory fees and transactions fees can be volatile as they are primarily generated by investment activity within our funds, and therefore are impacted by our investment pace.
Incentive Fees. Incentive fees consist of performance-based incentive arrangements pursuant to management contracts, primarily from certain of our Global Credit funds, when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. In such arrangements, incentive fees are recognized when the performance benchmark has been achieved.
Investment Income. Investment income consists of our performance allocations as well as the realized and unrealized gains and losses resulting from our equity method investments and other principal investments.
Performance allocations consist principally of the performance-based capital allocation from fund limited partners to us, commonly referred to as carried interest, from certain of our investment funds, which we refer to as the “carry funds.” Carried interest revenue is recognized by Carlyle upon appreciation of the valuation of our funds’ investments above certain return hurdles as set forth in each respective partnership agreement and is based on the amount that would be due to us pursuant to the fund partnership agreement at each period end as if the funds were liquidated at such date. Accordingly, the amount of carried interest recognized as performance allocations reflects our share of the fair value gains and losses of the associated funds’ underlying investments measured at their then-current fair values relative to the fair values as of the end of the prior period. As a result, the performance allocations earned in an applicable reporting period are not indicative of any future period, as fair
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values are based on conditions prevalent as of the reporting date. Refer to “— Trends Affecting our Business” for further discussion.
In addition to the performance allocations from our Corporate Private Equity and Real Assets funds and closed-end carry funds in the Global Credit segment, we are also entitled to receive performance allocations from our Investment Solutions, Carlyle Aviation and NGP Carry Funds. The timing of performance allocations realizations for these funds is typically later than in our other carry funds based on the terms of such arrangements.
Our performance allocations are generated by a diverse set of funds with different vintages, geographic concentration, investment strategies and industry specialties. For an explanation of the fund acronyms used throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section, refer to “— Our Family of Funds.”
Performance allocations in excess of 10% of the total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were generated from the following funds:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | $ | 118.4 | CAP IV | $ | (99.9) | CP VI | $ | 686.0 | CRP V | $ | 183.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP IV | 99.5 | CEP IV | (41.9) | CAP IV | 290.0 | CP VI | 86.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSP IV | (12.7) | CIEP I | (160.1) | Alpinvest Co - & Secondary Investments 2006-2008 | 80.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alpinvest Co - & Secondary Investments 2006-2008 | 58.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | 35.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VII | 27.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP V | 19.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP V | 16.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP III | 22.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP V | 12.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No other fund generated over 10% of performance allocations in the periods presented above. Performance allocations from CP VI during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily driven by appreciation in a publicly traded investment in the portfolio.
Under our arrangements with the historical owners and management team of AlpInvest, we generally do not retain any carried interest in respect of the historical investments and commitments to our fund vehicles that existed as of July 1, 2011 (including any options to increase any such commitments exercised after such date). We are entitled to 15% of the carried interest in respect of commitments from the historical owners of AlpInvest for the period between 2011 and 2020, except in certain instances, and 40% of the carried interest in respect of all other commitments (including all future commitments from third parties). In certain instances, carried interest associated with the AlpInvest fund vehicles is subject to entity level income taxes in the Netherlands.
Realized carried interest may be clawed back or given back to the fund if the fund’s investment values decline below certain return hurdles, which vary from fund to fund. When the fair value of a fund’s investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance allocations are reversed. In all cases, each investment fund is considered separately in evaluating carried interest and potential giveback obligations. For any given period, performance allocations revenue on our statement of operations may include reversals of previously recognized performance allocations due to a decrease in the value of a particular fund that results in a decrease of cumulative performance allocations earned to date. Since fund return hurdles are cumulative, previously recognized performance allocations also may be reversed in a period of appreciation that is lower than the particular fund’s hurdle rate. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the reversals of performance allocations were $30.1 million and $179.5 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the reversals of performance allocations were $487.7 million and $117.6 million, respectively. Additionally, unrealized performance allocations reverse when performance allocations are realized, and unrealized performance allocations can be negative if the amount of realized performance allocations exceed total performance allocations generated in the period.
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As of September 30, 2020, accrued performance allocations and accrued giveback obligations were $4.2 billion and $17.5 million, respectively. Each balance assumes a hypothetical liquidation of the funds’ investments at September 30, 2020 at their then current fair values. These assets and liabilities will continue to fluctuate in accordance with the fair values of the funds’ investments until they are realized. As of September 30, 2020, $9.4 million of the accrued giveback obligation is the responsibility of various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and the net accrued giveback obligation attributable to the Company is $8.1 million. The Company uses “net accrued performance revenues” to refer to the aggregation of the accrued performance allocations and incentive fees net of (i) accrued giveback obligations, (ii) accrued performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation, (iii) performance allocations and incentive fee-related tax obligations, and (iv) accrued performance allocations and incentive fees attributable to non-controlling interests and excludes any net accrued performance allocations and incentive fees that have been realized but will be collected in subsequent periods. Net accrued performance revenues as of September 30, 2020 are $2.0 billion.
In addition, realized performance allocations may be reversed in future periods to the extent that such amounts become subject to a giveback obligation. If, at September 30, 2020, all investments held by our carry funds were deemed worthless, the amount of realized and previously distributed performance allocations subject to potential giveback would be approximately $0.4 billion on an after-tax basis where applicable. See the related discussion of “Contingent Obligations (Giveback)” within “— Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
The following table summarizes the total amount of aggregate giveback obligations that we have realized since Carlyle’s inception. Given various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other former limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships are responsible for paying the majority of the realized giveback obligation, the table below also summarizes the amount that was attributable to the Company:
| Inception through September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||
| Total Giveback | Giveback Attributable to Carlyle | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Various Legacy Energy Funds | $ | 155.2 | $ | 55.0 | |||||||
| All other Carlyle Funds | 58.1 | 0.6 | |||||||||
| Aggregate Giveback since Inception | $ | 213.3 | $ | 55.6 | |||||||
The funding for employee obligations and givebacks related to carry realized pre-IPO is primarily through a collection of employee receivables related to giveback obligations and from non-controlling interests for their portion of the obligation. The realization of giveback obligations for the Company’s portion of such obligations reduces Distributable Earnings in the period realized and negatively impacts earnings available for distributions to unitholders in the period realized. Further, each individual recipient of realized carried interest typically signs a guarantee agreement or partnership agreement that personally obligates such person to return his/her pro rata share of any amounts of realized carried interest previously distributed that are later clawed back. Accordingly, carried interest as performance allocation compensation is subject to return to the Company in the event a giveback obligation is funded. Generally, the actual giveback liability, if any, does not become due until the end of a fund’s life.
Each investment fund is considered separately in evaluating carried interest and potential giveback obligations. As a result, performance allocations within funds will continue to fluctuate primarily due to certain investments within each fund constituting a material portion of the carry in that fund. Additionally, the fair value of investments in our funds may have substantial fluctuations from period to period.
In addition, in our discussion of our non-GAAP results, we use the term “realized net performance revenues” to refer to realized performance allocations and incentive fees from our funds, net of the portion allocated to our investment professionals, if any, and certain tax expenses associated with carried interest attributable to certain partners and employees, which are reflected as realized performance allocations and incentive fees related compensation expense. See “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for the amount of realized net performance revenues recognized each period. See “— Segment Analysis” for the realized net performance revenues by segment and related discussion for each period.
Investment income also represents the realized and unrealized gains and losses on our principal investments, including our investments in Carlyle funds that are not consolidated, as well as any interest and other income. Investment income also includes the related amortization of the basis difference between the carrying value of our investment and our share of the underlying net assets of the investee, as well as the compensation expense associated with compensatory arrangements provided by us to employees of our equity method investee, as it relates to our investments in NGP. Principal investment income also included our proportionate share of U.S. GAAP earnings from our strategic investment in Fortitude Holdings prior to the contribution of our investment to a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund (see Note 4). Realized principal investment income (loss)
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is recorded when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive or are due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. A realized principal investment loss is also recorded when an investment is deemed to be worthless. Unrealized principal investment income (loss) results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment, as well as the reversal of previously recognized unrealized gains (losses) at the time an investment is realized.
Fair Value Measurement. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which ranks the observability of market price inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
The table below summarizes the valuation of investments and other financial instruments included within our AUM, by segment and fair value hierarchy levels, as of September 30, 2020:
| As of September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Credit | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level I | $ | 1,882 | $ | 1,277 | $ | 157 | $ | 1,674 | $ | 4,990 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Level II | 7,890 | — | 1,438 | 39 | 9,367 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level III | 45,174 | 23,466 | 42,692 | 30,334 | 141,666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Investments | 54,946 | 24,743 | 44,287 | 32,047 | 156,023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available Capital | 30,359 | 15,208 | 8,716 | 19,686 | 73,969 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AUM | $ | 85,305 | $ | 39,951 | $ | 53,003 | $ | 51,733 | $ | 229,992 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds primarily represents the interest earned on CLO assets. However, the Consolidated Funds are not the same entities in all periods presented. The Consolidated Funds in future periods may change due to changes in fund terms, formation of new funds, and terminations of funds.
Net Investment Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Funds. Net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds measures the change in the difference in fair value between the assets and the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds. A gain (loss) indicates that the fair value of the assets of the Consolidated Funds appreciated more (less), or depreciated less (more), than the fair value of the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds. A gain or loss is not necessarily indicative of the investment performance of the Consolidated Funds and does not impact the management or incentive fees received by Carlyle for its management of the Consolidated Funds. The portion of the net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds attributable to the limited partner investors is allocated to non-controlling interests. Therefore a gain or loss is not expected to have a material impact on the revenues or profitability of the Company. Moreover, although the assets of the Consolidated Funds are consolidated onto our balance sheet pursuant to U.S. GAAP, ultimately we do not have recourse to such assets and such liabilities are generally non-recourse to us. Therefore, a gain or loss from the Consolidated Funds generally does not impact the assets available to our equity holders.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation includes salaries, bonuses, equity-based compensation, and performance payment arrangements. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
We recognize as compensation expense the portion of performance allocations and incentive fees that are due to our employees, senior Carlyle professionals, advisors, and operating executives in a manner consistent with how we recognize the performance allocations and incentive fee revenue. These amounts are accounted for as compensation expense in conjunction with the related performance allocations and incentive fee revenue and, until paid, are recognized as a component of the accrued compensation and benefits liability. Compensation in respect of performance allocations and incentive fees is paid when the related performance allocations and incentive fees are realized, and not when such performance allocations and incentive fees are accrued. The funds do not have a uniform allocation of performance allocations and incentive fees to our employees, senior Carlyle professionals, advisors, and operating executives. Therefore, for any given period, the ratio of performance allocations and incentive fee compensation to performance allocations and incentive fee revenue may vary based on the funds generating the performance allocations and incentive fee revenue for that period and their particular allocation percentages.
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In addition, we have implemented various equity-based compensation arrangements that require senior Carlyle professionals and other employees to vest ownership of a portion of their equity interests over a service period of generally six
months to three and a half years, which under U.S. GAAP will result in compensation charges over current and future periods. Over the past two years, we have granted fewer equity awards. For example, in February 2018, 2019 and 2020, we granted approximately 13.3 million, 6.7 million and 3.2 million of restricted stock units and other awards, respectively. Compensation charges associated with all equity-based compensation grants are excluded from Fee Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings.
We may hire additional individuals and overall compensation levels may correspondingly increase, which could result in an increase in compensation and benefits expense. As a result of acquisitions, we have charges associated with contingent consideration taking the form of earn-outs and profit participation, some of which are reflected as compensation expense.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses include occupancy and equipment expenses and other expenses, which consist principally of professional fees, including those related to our global regulatory compliance program, external costs of fundraising, travel and related expenses, communications and information services, depreciation and amortization (including intangible asset amortization and impairment) and foreign currency transactions. We expect that general, administrative and other expenses will vary due to infrequently occurring or unusual items, such as impairment of intangible assets and expenses or insurance recoveries associated with litigation and contingencies. Also, in periods of significant fundraising, to the extent that we use third parties to assist in our fundraising efforts, our general, administrative and other expenses may increase accordingly. Additionally, we anticipate that general, administrative and other expenses will fluctuate from period to period due to the impact of foreign exchange transactions.
Interest and Other Expenses of Consolidated Funds. The interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds consist primarily of interest expenses related primarily to our CLO loans, professional fees and other third-party expenses.
Income Taxes. Following the Conversion on January 1, 2020, all of the income before provision for income taxes attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes. Prior to the Conversion, the Company was generally organized as a series of pass through entities pursuant to the United States Internal Revenue Code. As such, the Company was not responsible for the tax liability due on certain income earned during the year. Such income is taxed at the unitholder and non-controlling interest holder level, and any income tax is the responsibility of the unitholders and is paid at that level. See Note 9 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the impact of the Conversion.
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method of accounting. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period in which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. With a few exceptions, as of September 30, 2020, our U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2016 through 2019 are open under the normal three-year statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. State and local tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2014 to 2019. Foreign tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2011 to 2019. Certain of our affiliates are currently under audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We do not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities. Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities represent the component of equity in consolidated entities not held by us. These interests are adjusted for general partner allocations.
Non-controlling Interests in Carlyle Holdings. Prior to the Conversion, we recorded significant non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings relating to the ownership interests of the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The Company, through wholly owned subsidiaries, was the sole general partner of Carlyle Holdings. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the financial position and results of operations of Carlyle Holdings into its financial statements, and the other ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings were reflected as a non-controlling interest in the Company’s financial statements. The limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships exchanged their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock of The Carlyle Group Inc. as part of the Conversion. As a result, following the Conversion, the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations of The Carlyle Group Inc. do not reflect any non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings, or “DE”, is a key performance benchmark used in our industry and is evaluated regularly by management in making resource deployment and compensation decisions, and in assessing the
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performance of our four segments. We also use DE in our budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of our segments. We believe that reporting DE is helpful to understanding our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance. DE is intended to show the amount of net realized earnings without the effects of consolidation of the Consolidated Funds. DE is derived from our segment reported results and is an additional measure to assess performance and determine amounts potentially available for distribution to the Company’s common stockholders.
Distributable Earnings differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues (comprised of performance allocations and incentive fees), and does not include unrealized performance allocations and related compensation expense, unrealized principal investment income, equity-based compensation expense, net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interest in consolidated entities, or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges associated with acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate conversion costs, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions and dispositions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent consideration issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, impairment charges associated with lease right-of-use assets, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance. We believe the inclusion or exclusion of these items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed further under “Consolidated Results of Operations” prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Fee Related Earnings. Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE”, is a component of DE and is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of DE and also adjusts DE to exclude net realized performance revenues, realized principal investment income from investments in Carlyle funds, net interest (interest income less interest expense), and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the asset management industry.
Fee-earning Assets under Management. Fee-earning assets under management or Fee-earning AUM refers to the assets we manage or advise from which we derive recurring fund management fees. Our Fee-earning AUM is generally based on one of the following, once fees have been activated:
(a)the amount of limited partner capital commitments, generally for carry funds where the original investment period has not expired, for AlpInvest carry funds during the commitment fee period and for Metropolitan carry funds during the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period);
(b)the remaining amount of limited partner invested capital at cost, generally for carry funds and certain co-investment vehicles where the original investment period has expired, Metropolitan carry funds after the expiration of the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds, and one of our business development companies (see “Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period);
(c)the amount of aggregate fee-earning collateral balance of our CLOs and other securitization vehicles, as defined in the fund indentures (typically exclusive of equities and defaulted positions) as of the quarterly cut-off date;
(d)the external investor portion of the net asset value of our open-ended funds (pre redemptions and subscriptions), as well as certain carry funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period);
(e)the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), excluding cash and cash equivalents, of one of our business development companies and certain carry funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); and
(f)the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital, generally for AlpInvest carry funds where the commitment fee period has expired and certain carry funds where the investment period has expired, (see “Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period).
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The table below details Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments (1) | $ | 74,761 | $ | 69,816 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 38,378 | 42,092 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par (3) | 26,326 | 24,831 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value (4) | 7,341 | 4,241 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other (5) | 19,764 | 17,862 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period (6) (7) | $ | 166,570 | $ | 158,842 | |||||||
(1)Reflects limited partner capital commitments where the original investment period, weighted-average investment period, or commitment fee period has not expired.
(2)Reflects limited partner invested capital at cost and includes amounts committed to or reserved for investments for certain Real Assets and Investment Solutions funds.
(3)Represents the amount of aggregate Fee-earning collateral balances and principal balances, at par, for our CLOs/structured products.
(4)Reflects the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our hedge funds, mutual fund and fund of hedge funds vehicles, as well as certain other carry funds.
(5)Includes funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(6)Energy III, Energy IV, and Renew II (collectively, the “Legacy Energy Funds”), are managed with Riverstone Holdings LLC and its affiliates. Affiliates of both Carlyle and Riverstone act as investment advisors to each of the Legacy Energy Funds. Carlyle has a minority representation on the management committees of Energy IV and Renew II. Carlyle and Riverstone each hold half of the seats on the management committee of Energy III, but the investment period for this fund has expired and the remaining investments in such fund are being disposed of in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2020, the Legacy Energy Funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $1.0 billion in AUM and $1.2 billion in Fee-earning AUM. We are no longer raising capital for the Legacy Energy Funds and expect these balances to continue to decrease over time as the funds wind down.
(7)Ending balance excludes $9.9 billion of pending Fee-earning AUM for which fees have not yet been activated.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 162,389 | $ | 158,442 | $ | 161,057 | $ | 159,552 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 4,139 | 4,663 | 16,707 | 12,233 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (2,049) | (2,920) | (12,570) | (11,940) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 214 | 301 | (954) | 962 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 1,877 | (1,644) | 2,330 | (1,965) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 166,570 | $ | 158,842 | $ | 166,570 | $ | 158,842 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital, the fee-earning collateral balance of new CLO issuances, as well as gross subscriptions in our vehicles for which management fees are based on net asset value. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees, gross
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redemptions in our open-ended funds, and runoff of CLO collateral balances. Distributions for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value, as well as activity of funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Fee-earning AUM for each of the periods presented by segment.
Assets under Management. Assets under management or AUM refers to the assets we manage or advise. Our AUM generally equals the sum of the following:
(a) the aggregate fair value of our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles (including Carlyle commitments to those funds and vehicles and those of senior Carlyle professionals and employees) pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those funds and vehicles;
(b) the amount of aggregate collateral balance and principal cash or aggregate principal amount of the notes of our CLOs and other structured products (inclusive of all positions);
(c) the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our open-ended funds; and
(d) the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage) of our business development companies, plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those vehicles pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those vehicles.
We include in our calculation of AUM and Fee-earning AUM certain energy and renewable resources funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone, the NGP Energy Funds that are advised by NGP, as well as capital raised from third-party investors to acquire a 76.6% interest in Fortitude Holdings.
For most of our carry funds, total AUM includes the fair value of the capital invested, whereas Fee-earning AUM includes the amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital, depending on whether the original investment period for the fund has expired. As such, Fee-earning AUM may be greater than total AUM when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
Our calculations of Fee-earning AUM and AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. In addition, our calculation of AUM (but not Fee-earning AUM) includes uncalled commitments to, and the fair value of invested capital in, our investment funds from Carlyle and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to management fees or performance allocations. Our calculations of AUM or Fee-earning AUM are not based on any definition of AUM or Fee-earning AUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage or advise.
We generally use Fee-earning AUM as a metric to measure changes in the assets from which we earn recurring management fees. Total AUM tends to be a better measure of our investment and fundraising performance as it reflects investments at fair value plus available capital.
Available Capital. “Available Capital” refers to the amount of capital commitments available to be called for investments, which may be reduced for equity invested that is funded via a fund credit facility and expected to be called from investors at a later date, plus any additional assets/liabilities at the fund level other than active investments. Amounts previously called may be added back to available capital following certain distributions. “Expired Available Capital” occurs when a fund has passed the investment and follow-on periods and can no longer invest capital into new or existing deals. Any remaining Available Capital, typically a result of either recycled distributions or specific reserves established for the follow-on period that are not drawn, can only be called for fees and expenses and is therefore removed from the Total AUM calculation.
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The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 221,332 | $ | 224,442 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 5,441 | 17,170 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (4,695) | (15,254) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 5,312 | 1,101 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 2,602 | 2,533 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 229,992 | $ | 229,992 | |||||||
(1)Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2)Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, separately managed accounts and the NGP Predecessor Funds, gross redemptions in our open-ended funds, runoff of CLO collateral balances and the expiration of available capital.
(3)Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, the NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, as well as the net impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, change in gross asset value for our business development companies and other changes in AUM.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Please refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Total AUM for each of the periods presented.
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The table below presents the change in appreciation on portfolio investments of our carry funds. Please refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Total AUM for each of the periods presented.
Carlyle Portfolio Appreciation(1,2) vs. % Change in MSCI All Country World Index - All Cap
(1)Reflects carry funds only. Appreciation/Depreciation is fund only, and excludes the impact of external co-investment.
(2)For Carlyle returns, “Appreciation/Depreciation” represents realized and unrealized gain / loss for the period on a total return basis before fees and expenses. The percentage of return is calculated as the sum of ending remaining investment fair market value (“FMV”) and net investment outflow (sales proceeds less net purchases) less beginning remaining investment FMV divided by beginning remaining investment FMV.
(3)In the Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, and Global Credit carry funds, public investments made up 14% of remaining fair value at September 30, 2020 and 6% of remaining fair value at September 30, 2019. For Q3 2020, public investments appreciated 5% while private investments appreciated 4%, compared to 8% public depreciation and 1% private appreciation for Q3 2019. Public portfolio includes initial public offerings (“IPO”) that occurred in the quarter. Investments may be reported as private in quarters prior to the IPO quarter.
(4)Carry funds comprise approximately 13% of the remaining fair value in Global Credit at September 30, 2020.
(5)The MSCI ACWI - All Cap Index represents the performance of the MSCI All Country World Index across all market capitalization sizes of the global equity market. There are significant differences between the types of securities and assets typically acquired by our carry funds and the investments covered by the MSCI All Country World Index. Specifically, our carry funds may make investments in securities and other assets that have a greater degree of risk and volatility, and less liquidity, than those securities included in the MSCI All Country World Index. Moreover, investors in the securities included in the MSCI All Country World Index may not be subject to the management fees, carried interest or expenses to which investors in our carry funds are typically subject. Comparisons between the carry fund appreciation and the MSCI All Country World Index are included for informational purposes only.
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Consolidation of Certain Carlyle Funds
The Company consolidates all entities that it controls either through a majority voting interest or as the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities. The entities we consolidate are referred to collectively as the Consolidated Funds in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2020, our Consolidated Funds represent approximately 3% of our AUM; 2% of our management fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; 5% and 40% of our total investment income or loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
We are not required under the consolidation guidance to consolidate in our financial statements most of the investment funds we advise. However, we consolidate certain CLOs that we advise. As of September 30, 2020, our consolidated CLOs held approximately $5.8 billion of total assets and comprised substantially all of the assets and loans payable of the Consolidated Funds. The assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are non-recourse to us.
Generally, the consolidation of the Consolidated Funds has a gross-up effect on our assets, liabilities and cash flows but has no net effect on the net income attributable to the Company and equity. The majority of the net economic ownership interests of the Consolidated Funds are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated entities in the consolidated financial statements. Because only a small portion of our funds are consolidated, the performance of the Consolidated Funds is not necessarily consistent with or representative of the combined performance trends of all of our funds.
For further information on our consolidation policy and the consolidation of certain funds, see Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table and discussion sets forth information regarding our unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on substantially the same basis for all historical periods presented; however, the consolidated funds are not the same entities in all periods shown due to changes in U.S. GAAP, changes in fund terms and the creation and termination of funds. As further described above, the consolidation of these funds primarily has the impact of increasing interest and other income of Consolidated Funds, interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds, and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds in the year that the fund is initially consolidated. The consolidation of these funds had no effect on net income attributable to the Company for the periods presented.
Furthermore, the Conversion on January 1, 2020 increases the significance of our provision (benefit) for income taxes in 2020 and eliminated the attribution of earnings to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings given the exchange of the Carlyle Holdings partnership units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock in The Carlyle Group Inc.
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| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except share and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 363.8 | $ | 359.5 | $ | 1,091.5 | $ | 1,103.8 | |||||||||||||||
| Incentive fees | 9.1 | 9.9 | 27.0 | 26.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations | 477.4 | 112.4 | 731.6 | 709.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | 106.7 | 212.2 | (659.2) | 856.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income (loss) | 584.1 | 324.6 | 72.4 | 1,565.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | 21.3 | 23.3 | 64.5 | 71.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 56.3 | 51.3 | 164.5 | 149.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,034.6 | 768.6 | 1,419.9 | 2,916.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 222.2 | 200.0 | 639.0 | 631.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 18.7 | 36.6 | 78.3 | 107.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | 250.6 | 92.6 | 343.7 | 391.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 491.5 | 329.2 | 1,061.0 | 1,131.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative and other expenses | 91.1 | 121.7 | 240.9 | 344.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | 23.0 | 20.0 | 72.8 | 59.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 37.2 | 34.1 | 122.1 | 99.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expenses | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 643.4 | 505.3 | 1,498.1 | 1,636.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (losses) of Consolidated Funds | 23.9 | (1.9) | (38.9) | (6.9) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) before provision for income taxes | 415.1 | 261.4 | (117.1) | 1,273.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 82.4 | 9.4 | 54.7 | 48.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 332.7 | 252.0 | (171.8) | 1,224.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 37.2 | 10.5 | (1.2) | 45.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 295.5 | 241.5 | (170.6) | 1,179.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | — | 149.3 | — | 789.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | 295.5 | 92.2 | (170.6) | 389.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Unitholders | — | 7.3 | — | 19.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Units redemption premium | — | 16.5 | — | 16.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders | $ | 295.5 | $ | 68.4 | $ | (170.6) | $ | 353.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. per common share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.84 | $ | 0.60 | $ | (0.49) | $ | 3.17 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.55 | $ | (0.49) | $ | 2.93 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 351,567,631 | 114,930,365 | 349,468,329 | 111,547,969 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 358,405,845 | 124,875,070 | 349,468,329 | 120,558,967 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Revenues
Total revenues increased $266.0 million, or 34.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $1.5 billion, or 51.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Total Revenues, September 30, 2019 | $ | 768.6 | $ | 2,916.7 | |||||||
| Increases (Decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in fund management fees | 4.3 | (12.3) | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in incentive fees | (0.8) | 0.2 | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in investment income, including performance allocations | 259.5 | (1,492.7) | |||||||||
| Decrease in interest and other income | (2.0) | (7.0) | |||||||||
| Increase in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 5.0 | 15.0 | |||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) | 266.0 | (1,496.8) | |||||||||
| Total Revenues, September 30, 2020 | $ | 1,034.6 | $ | 1,419.9 | |||||||
Fund Management Fees. Fund management fees increased $4.3 million, or 1.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $12.3 million, or 1.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Higher management fees from the commencement of the investment period for certain newly raised funds | $ | 17.0 | $ | 60.3 | |||||||
| Lower management fees resulting from the change in basis for earning management fees from commitments to invested capital for certain funds and from distributions from funds whose management fees are based on invested capital (1) | (5.3) | (48.0) | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in catch-up management fees from subsequent closes of funds that are in the fundraising period | (0.6) | (17.2) | |||||||||
| Lower transaction and portfolio advisory fees | (6.0) | (7.5) | |||||||||
| All other changes | (0.8) | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) in fund management fees | $ | 4.3 | $ | (12.3) | |||||||
(1) The three months ended September 30, 2020 include the recognition of the previously deferred subordinated management fees on our CLOs (after the effect of consolidated CLOs) of approximately $7.0 million. As of September 30, 2020, we have fully recognized all previously deferred CLO subordinated management fees.
Fund management fees include transaction and portfolio advisory fees, net of rebate offsets, of $3.9 million and $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily from transaction fees earned related to investments in one of our Japan buyout funds in 2019.
Fund management fees include transaction and portfolio advisory fees, net of rebate offsets, of $25.5 million and $33.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily from transaction fees earned related to investments in one of our U.S. buyout funds, one of our Japan buyout funds and investments in our international energy carry funds in 2019, partially offset by transaction fees related to our investment in Carlyle FRL in 2020.
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Investment Income. Investment income increased $259.5 million to $584.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $1.5 billion to an investment loss of $72.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Increase in performance allocations, excluding NGP | $ | 365.0 | $ | 22.5 | |||||||
| Increase in investment income from NGP, which includes performance allocations from the investments in NGP | 81.5 | 86.9 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our buyout and growth funds | 15.3 | 9.1 | |||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in losses on foreign currency hedges | 2.5 | (3.9) | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in investment income from our real assets funds, excluding NGP | 2.3 | (12.7) | |||||||||
| Decrease from the settlement of CEREP I tax matter in 2019 | — | (71.5) | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our distressed debt funds, energy mezzanine funds and opportunistic credit funds | 10.5 | 12.2 | |||||||||
| Increase in investment income from our direct lending funds, interval funds and CCS | 7.8 | 4.1 | |||||||||
| Decrease in investment income from Carlyle Aviation | (0.2) | (2.1) | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in investment income from CLOs | 31.9 | (11.7) | |||||||||
| Decrease in investment income from Fortitude Re | (252.9) | (1,512.8) | |||||||||
| All other changes | (4.2) | (12.8) | |||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) in investment income | $ | 259.5 | $ | (1,492.7) | |||||||
Prior to the Control Transaction which closed on June 2, 2020, as described in Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we accounted for our investment in Fortitude Re under the equity method of accounting by recognizing our pro rata share of Fortitude Holdings’ U.S. GAAP earnings, which is included in principal investment income (loss) in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. These amounts were inclusive of unrealized gains (losses) resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements. Modified coinsurance is subject to the general accounting principles for hedging, specifically the guidance originally issued as Derivatives Implementation Group Issue No. B36: Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Agreements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments (“DIG B36”). As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our investment in Fortitude Holdings was $1,077.9 million and $1,200.9 million, respectively, which reflected $539.1 million and $628.2 million, respectively, of cumulative unrealized gains related to the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives.
At the time we contributed our existing 19.9% interest in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL, a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund, we began accounting for our investment under the equity method based on our net asset value in the fund. Our investment in Carlyle FRL, which is an investment company, reflects our investment in Fortitude Holdings at fair value. Although the fair value reflected a 10% appreciation over our cost, this resulted in a loss in principal investment income (loss) of $620.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, our investment in Carlyle FRL was $542.3 million, relative to our cost of $465.4 million.
We recorded an increase in the investment income from CLOs during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and a decrease in the investment income from CLOs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 relative to the comparable periods in 2019. The fair value of the CLO investments held by the firm (before the effects of consolidation) increased 14% during the quarter, comprised of 30% appreciation on subordinated notes and 5% appreciation on senior notes, as liability spreads continued to tighten in the third quarter.
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Performance Allocations. Performance allocations increased $365.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $22.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Performance allocations by segment on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 comprised the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | 291.6 | $ | (53.8) | $ | 852.2 | $ | 161.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Real Assets | 45.0 | 54.6 | (126.2) | 313.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | 16.3 | 4.1 | (24.0) | 28.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Investment Solutions (1) | 124.5 | 107.5 | 29.6 | 205.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total performance allocations | $ | 477.4 | $ | 112.4 | $ | 731.6 | $ | 709.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Total carry fund appreciation (depreciation) | 5 | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||
(1) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
Refer to “— Key Financial Measures” for a listing of the funds with performance allocations in excess of 10% of the total for the periods presented.
Aggregate economic activity continued to improve through the third quarter of 2020 – though dispersion in performance across industries and geographies has been substantial and real and significant risks remain for the outlook into 2021 – and our carry fund portfolio continued to build on strong momentum. Our Corporate Private Equity funds appreciated by 5% in the quarter, driven strong performance in our U.S. and Asia buyout portfolio. In our Real Assets segment, Real Estate funds appreciated by 3% in the third quarter, continuing their stable performance, and our Natural Resources funds appreciated by 1% in the quarter. In our Global Credit segment, our carry funds, which represent approximately 13% of the total Global Credit remaining fair value, appreciated by 4% in the second quarter, reflecting performance in our credit opportunities and structured credit fund, and our latest generation distressed credit fund. Our Investment Solutions funds appreciated by 8%, though our primary and secondary fund of funds generally reflect investment fair values on a one-quarter lag. Significant IPO activity in our portfolio during the first half of 2020 has increased the portion of our traditional carry funds attributable to publicly traded companies to 14% of fair value in the current quarter, compared to 6% at the end of 2019. While these IPOs have performed well to date overall, and with certain of them showing particular strength, this shift may result in an increasing correlation to public market performance and a significant concentration of investment gains in individual investments for certain funds. To the extent that there is volatility in public equity markets and/or the prices of our publicly-traded portfolio companies, there may be elevated volatility in our performance revenue accrual in the coming quarters.
Interest and Other Income. Interest and other income decreased $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as result of decreases from the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds and interest income from investments in CLO subordinated notes.
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds increased $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Substantially all of the increase in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds relates to increased interest income from CLOs.
Our CLOs generate interest income primarily from investments in bonds and loans inclusive of amortization of discounts and generate other income from consent and amendment fees. Substantially all interest and other income of the CLOs and other consolidated funds together with interest expense of our CLOs and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds is attributable to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors. Accordingly, such amounts have no material impact on net income attributable to the Company.
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Expenses
Total expenses increased $138.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $138.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in total expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Total Expenses, September 30, 2019 | $ | 505.3 | $ | 1,636.1 | |||||||
| Increases (Decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in total compensation and benefits | 162.3 | (70.3) | |||||||||
| Decrease in general, administrative and other expenses | (30.6) | (104.0) | |||||||||
| Increase in interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 3.1 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| All other changes | 3.3 | 13.9 | |||||||||
| Total increase (decrease) | 138.1 | (138.0) | |||||||||
| Total Expenses, September 30, 2020 | $ | 643.4 | $ | 1,498.1 | |||||||
Total Compensation and Benefits. Total compensation and benefits increased $162.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $70.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | $ | 22.2 | $ | 7.1 | |||||||
| Decrease in equity-based compensation | (17.9) | (29.5) | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation | 158.0 | (47.9) | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in total compensation and benefits | $ | 162.3 | $ | (70.3) | |||||||
Cash-based Compensation and Benefits. Cash-based compensation and benefits increased $22.2 million, or 11%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $7.1 million, or 1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Increase in headcount and bonuses | $ | 14.1 | $ | 15.0 | |||||||
| Contingent earnout associated with Carlyle Aviation Partners acquisition | 8.1 | (7.9) | |||||||||
| Total increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | $ | 22.2 | $ | 7.1 | |||||||
Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation decreased $17.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $29.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the lower rate of ongoing grants of restricted stock units, as well as a forfeiture credit recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to the retirement of one of our co-chief executive officers.
Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation expense. Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation expense increased $158.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the
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three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $47.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation as a percentage of performance allocations and incentive fees was 52% and 47% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and 82% and 55% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation as a percentage of performance allocations and incentive fees fluctuates depending on the mix of funds contributing to performance allocations and incentive fees in a given period. For our largest segment, Corporate Private Equity, our performance allocations and incentive fee related compensation expense as a percentage of performance allocations and incentive fees is generally around 45%. Performance allocations from our Investment Solutions segment pay a higher ratio of performance allocations and incentive fees as compensation, primarily as a result of the terms of our acquisition of AlpInvest. Conversely, performance allocations from the Legacy Energy funds in our Real Assets segment are primarily allocated to Carlyle because the investment teams for the Legacy Energy funds are employed by Riverstone and not Carlyle.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreased $30.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $104.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
CCC litigation cost recovery (1) | $ | — | $ | (29.9) | |||||||
| Lower depreciation and intangible asset amortization | (3.3) | (6.0) | |||||||||
| Lower professional fees, including corporate conversion costs | (14.2) | (19.2) | |||||||||
| (Lower) higher external fundraising costs | (0.1) | 4.1 | |||||||||
| Lower travel and conference expenses | (15.1) | (32.2) | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange and other changes | 2.1 | (20.8) | |||||||||
| Total decrease in general, administrative and other expenses | $ | (30.6) | $ | (104.0) | |||||||
(1) See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Interest and Other Expenses of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds increased $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $22.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to higher interest expense on the consolidated CLOs.
The CLOs incur interest expense on their loans payable and incur other expenses consisting of trustee fees, rating agency fees and professional fees. Substantially all interest and other income of our CLOs together with interest expense of our CLOs and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds is attributable to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors. Accordingly, such amounts have no material impact on net income attributable to the Company.
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Net Investment Gains of Consolidated Funds
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, net investment gains of Consolidated Funds were $23.9 million as compared to net investment losses of $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. For nine months ended September 30, 2020, net investment losses of Consolidated Funds were $38.9 million as compared to net investment losses of $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, net investment gains (losses) comprise the activity of the consolidated CLOs and certain other funds. For the consolidated CLOs, the amount reflects the net gain or loss on the fair value adjustment of both the assets and liabilities. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 include significant losses on the CLO assets and gains on the CLO liabilities resulting from the rapid decline in asset prices and widening of credit spreads in the first quarter, which have seen marked improvement over the second and third quarters. The components of net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds for the respective periods are:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains (losses) | $ | (9.6) | $ | 1.9 | $ | (49.9) | $ | (9.5) | |||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains (losses) | 172.7 | (1.3) | (169.3) | 28.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total gains (losses) | 163.1 | 0.6 | (219.2) | 18.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) from liabilities of CLOs | (139.2) | (2.5) | 180.3 | (25.7) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds | $ | 23.9 | $ | (1.9) | $ | (38.9) | $ | (6.9) | |||||||||||||||
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $37.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to net income of $10.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to net income of $45.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. These amounts primarily reflect the net income attributable to non-controlling interests in carried interest, giveback obligations, and cash held for carried interest distributions. This balance also includes the net earnings or losses of the Consolidated Funds for each period, which are substantially all allocated to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors.
Net Income Attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Common Stockholders
The net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. common stockholders was $295.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $68.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. common stockholders was $(170.6) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $353.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Prior to the Conversion, the Company was allocated a portion of the net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings based on the Company’s ownership in Carlyle Holdings (which was approximately 34% as of September 30, 2019). Net income or loss attributable to the Company also included 100% of the net income (loss) attributable to the Company’s wholly-owned taxable subsidiary, Carlyle Holdings I GP Inc., which was $9.8 million and $(11.5) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. As a result, the total net income or loss attributable to the Company has historically varied as a percentage of the net income or loss attributable to Carlyle Holdings, and is not comparable to net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. common stockholders following the Conversion. See Note 9 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the impact of the Conversion and the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables set forth information in the format used by management when making resource deployment decisions and in assessing performance of our segments. These non-GAAP financial measures are presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Our Non-GAAP financial measures exclude the effects of unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense, unrealized principal investment income, consolidated funds, acquisition-related items including amortization and any impairment charges of acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration taking the form of earn-outs, charges associated with equity-based compensation, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate actions and infrequently occurring or unusual events.
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The following table shows our total segment DE and FRE for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Revenues | $ | 496.5 | $ | 527.8 | $ | 1,659.8 | $ | 1,529.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Expenses | 344.7 | 367.1 | 1,134.6 | 1,054.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 151.8 | $ | 160.7 | $ | 525.2 | $ | 474.9 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 39.9 | 57.7 | 159.0 | 85.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 12.8 | 7.3 | 50.8 | 85.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 19.6 | 13.1 | 59.4 | 40.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 118.7 | $ | 108.8 | $ | 374.8 | $ | 344.8 | |||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth our total segment revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 389.1 | $ | 384.6 | $ | 1,157.0 | $ | 1,180.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 5.1 | 11.1 | 30.2 | 36.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 394.2 | 395.7 | 1,187.2 | 1,216.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 86.8 | 118.3 | 410.6 | 209.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 12.8 | 7.3 | 50.8 | 85.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2.7 | 6.5 | 11.2 | 18.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Revenues | $ | 496.5 | $ | 527.8 | $ | 1,659.8 | $ | 1,529.4 | |||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth our total segment expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | $ | 205.3 | $ | 194.1 | $ | 619.2 | $ | 603.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenue related compensation | 46.9 | 60.6 | 251.6 | 123.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 252.2 | 254.7 | 870.8 | 727.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 62.0 | 81.0 | 168.4 | 236.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 8.2 | 11.8 | 24.8 | 31.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 22.3 | 19.6 | 70.6 | 58.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Segment Expenses | $ | 344.7 | $ | 367.1 | $ | 1,134.6 | $ | 1,054.5 | |||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before provision for income taxes is the U.S. GAAP financial measure most comparable to Distributable Earnings and Fee Related Earnings. The following table is a reconciliation of income (loss) before provision for income taxes to Distributable Earnings and to Fee Related Earnings.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | 415.1 | $ | 261.4 | $ | (117.1) | $ | 1,273.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net unrealized performance revenues | (180.3) | 126.2 | (238.8) | (112.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(1) | (81.0) | (198.7) | 643.2 | (672.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted unrealized principal investment (income) loss from investment in Fortitude Re(2) | — | (68.1) | 104.4 | (135.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation(3) | 21.1 | 38.9 | 87.4 | 116.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | 18.5 | 11.2 | 28.6 | 38.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-operating expense | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tax expense (benefit) associated with certain foreign performance fee revenues | (7.8) | (10.8) | 4.1 | (13.3) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (37.2) | (10.5) | 1.2 | (45.8) | |||||||||||||||||||
Debt extinguishment costs | — | — | — | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate conversion costs, severance and other adjustments | 2.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 23.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 151.8 | $ | 160.7 | $ | 525.2 | $ | 474.9 | |||||||||||||||
(-) Realized net performance revenues(4) | 39.9 | 57.7 | 159.0 | 85.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
(-) Realized principal investment income(4) | 12.8 | 7.3 | 50.8 | 85.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 19.6 | 13.1 | 59.4 | 40.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 118.7 | $ | 108.8 | $ | 374.8 | $ | 344.8 | |||||||||||||||
(1) Adjustments to unrealized principal investment income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are inclusive of $211.8 million of unrealized gains (losses), resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude Re’s U.S. GAAP financial statements prior to the contribution of our investment in Fortitude Holdings to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. At the time of the contribution of our investment to Carlyle FRL, we began accounting for our investment under the equity method based on our net asset value in the fund, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude Holdings at fair value. This resulted in an unrealized loss in principal investment income (loss) of $620.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Adjustments to unrealized principal investment income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are inclusive of $213.5 million and $673.7 million of unrealized gains on embedded derivatives.
(2) Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from the investment in Fortitude Re represents 19.9% of Fortitude Holdings’ estimated net income (loss) for the respective periods through June 2, 2020, excluding the unrealized gains (losses) related to embedded derivatives.
(3) Equity-based compensation includes amounts presented in principal investment income and general, administrative and other expenses in our U.S. GAAP statement of operations.
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(4) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 477.4 | $ | (390.6) | $ | 86.8 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 250.6 | (203.7) | 46.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 226.8 | $ | (186.9) | $ | 39.9 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 106.7 | $ | (93.9) | $ | 12.8 | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 731.6 | $ | (321.0) | $ | 410.6 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 343.7 | (92.1) | 251.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 387.9 | $ | (228.9) | $ | 159.0 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | (659.2) | $ | 710.0 | $ | 50.8 | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 112.4 | $ | 5.9 | $ | 118.3 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 92.6 | (32.0) | 60.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 19.8 | $ | 37.9 | $ | 57.7 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 212.2 | $ | (204.9) | $ | 7.3 | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (5) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance revenues | $ | 709.1 | $ | (499.7) | $ | 209.4 | |||||||||||
| Performance revenues related compensation expense | 391.6 | (267.7) | 123.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Net performance revenues | $ | 317.5 | $ | (232.0) | $ | 85.5 | |||||||||||
| Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 856.0 | $ | (770.7) | $ | 85.3 | |||||||||||
(5) Adjustments to performance revenues and principal investment income (loss) relate to (i) unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense and unrealized principal investment income, which are excluded from our Non-GAAP results, (ii) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the Non-GAAP results, (iii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the Non-GAAP results, (iv) the reclassification of NGP performance revenues, which are included in investment income in the U.S. GAAP financial statements, (v) the reclassification of certain incentive fees from business development companies, which are included in fund management fees in the segment results, and (vi) the reclassification of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues. Adjustments to principal investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the Non-GAAP results, the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the Non-GAAP results (see Note 4 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).
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Distributable Earnings for our reportable segments are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | 87.5 | $ | 81.7 | $ | 290.7 | $ | 206.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Real Assets | 27.6 | 63.3 | 115.7 | 216.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | 22.0 | 11.1 | 81.9 | 34.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Solutions | 14.7 | 4.6 | 36.9 | 18.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 151.8 | $ | 160.7 | $ | 525.2 | $ | 474.9 | |||||||||||||||
Segment Analysis
Discussed below is our DE and FRE for our segments for the periods presented. Our segment information is reflected in the manner used by our senior management to make operating and compensation decisions, assess performance and allocate resources.
For segment reporting purposes, revenues and expenses are presented on a basis that deconsolidates our Consolidated Funds. As a result, segment revenues from management fees, realized performance revenues and realized principal investment income (loss) are different than those presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis because these revenues recognized in certain segments are received from Consolidated Funds and are eliminated in consolidation when presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis. Furthermore, segment expenses are different than related amounts presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis due to the exclusion of fund expenses that are paid by the Consolidated Funds.
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Corporate Private Equity
The following table presents our results of operations for our Corporate Private Equity segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 180.7 | $ | 192.2 | $ | 556.9 | $ | 572.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 3.2 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 23.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 183.9 | 200.9 | 566.8 | 596.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 58.3 | 33.3 | 152.4 | 67.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 5.0 | 1.8 | 29.4 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 0.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 247.4 | 237.7 | 750.3 | 668.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 91.2 | 92.6 | 280.2 | 290.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | 27.0 | 14.9 | 69.5 | 30.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 118.2 | 107.5 | 349.7 | 321.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 28.2 | 34.8 | 68.4 | 102.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 3.8 | 5.7 | 11.6 | 15.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 9.7 | 8.0 | 29.9 | 23.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 159.9 | 156.0 | 459.6 | 462.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings | $ | 87.5 | $ | 81.7 | $ | 290.7 | $ | 206.3 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 31.3 | 18.4 | 82.9 | 37.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 5.0 | 1.8 | 29.4 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 9.5 | 6.3 | 28.2 | 19.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 60.7 | $ | 67.8 | $ | 206.6 | $ | 188.3 | |||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings increased $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $84.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 81.7 | $ | 206.3 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in fee related earnings | (7.1) | 18.3 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized net performance revenues | 12.9 | 45.7 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized principal investment income | 3.2 | 28.9 | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (3.2) | (8.5) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 5.8 | 84.4 | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 87.5 | $ | 290.7 | |||||||
Realized Net Performance Revenues. Realized net performance revenues increased $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to higher realizations in our U.S. buyout funds, partially offset by lower realizations in our financial services buyout and Europe growth funds.
Realized net performance revenues increased $45.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to higher realizations in our U.S. and financial services buyout funds and Europe growth funds, partially offset by lower realizations in our Asia buyout funds. Realized net performance revenues were primarily generated by the following funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | CETP II | CP IV | CP V | |||||||||||||||||
| CP V | CGFSP II | CP V | CAP III | |||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II | CP VI | CETP II | ||||||||||||||||||
| CCI | CETP III | CGFSP II | ||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II | ||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP I | ||||||||||||||||||||
| CCI | ||||||||||||||||||||
Realized Principal Investment Income. Realized principal investment income was $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to realized principal investment income $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to higher realized gains from our investments in U.S. buyout funds, partially offset by lower realized gains from our investments in Europe buyout and U.S. growth funds.
Realized principal investment income was $29.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to realized principal investment income of $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to higher realized gains from investments in our Asia buyout and Europe growth funds, as well as realized gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to realized losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 in our Europe buyout funds. This was partially offset by realized losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to realized gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 in our U.S. growth funds.
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Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings decreased $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $18.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 67.8 | $ | 188.3 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Decrease in fee revenues | (17.0) | (29.2) | |||||||||
| Decrease in cash-based compensation and benefits | 1.4 | 10.2 | |||||||||
| Decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | 6.6 | 33.8 | |||||||||
| All other changes | 1.9 | 3.5 | |||||||||
| Total (decrease) increase | (7.1) | 18.3 | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 60.7 | $ | 206.6 | |||||||
Fee Revenues. Total fee revenues decreased $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $29.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Lower fund management fees | $ | (11.5) | $ | (15.6) | |||||||
| Lower portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | (5.5) | (13.6) | |||||||||
| Total decrease in fee revenues | $ | (17.0) | $ | (29.2) | |||||||
The decrease in fund management fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to lower fee rates and a lower basis for CP VI, CP V, CEP III, CEP IV, CAP IV, CETP III and CEOF I as they have exited the investment period, and catch up management fees from subsequent closes in CEP V in 2019. These decreases were partially offset by the activation of management fees during the third quarter of 2019 on our fourth Europe technology fund (“CETP IV”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The decreases in portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to transaction fees related to an investment in one of our Japan buyout funds during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as well as an investment in one of our U.S. buyout funds in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The total weighted-average management fee rates as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 1.27% and 1.23%, respectively, with the increase driven by new funds raised with higher fee rates. Fee-earning assets under management were $57.6 billion and $61.2 billion as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, a decrease of $3.6 billion.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense decreased $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to lower projected year-end bonuses in 2020.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $6.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to lower professional fees and lower travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the allocated portion of the cost recovery
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associated with the CCC matter of $14.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (see Note 7 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information), positive foreign currency adjustments, and lower professional fees and travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
The table below breaks out Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 35,460 | $ | 37,687 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital | 19,974 | 21,552 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 108 | — | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value | 2,081 | 1,996 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 57,623 | $ | 61,235 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (2) | |||||||||||
| All Funds | 1.27 | % | 1.23 | % | |||||||
| Funds in Investment Period | 1.44 | % | 1.44 | % | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate of each fund in the segment, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 57,223 | $ | 60,518 | $ | 61,660 | $ | 62,358 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 114 | 1,538 | 202 | 2,116 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (219) | (292) | (4,321) | (2,614) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | (22) | 1 | (368) | (25) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 527 | (530) | 450 | (600) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 57,623 | $ | 61,235 | $ | 57,623 | $ | 61,235 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, and the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, and reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees. Realizations for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
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Fee-earning AUM was $57.6 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.4 billion, or approximately 1%, compared to $57.2 billion at June 30, 2020. The increase was driven by $0.5 billion of positive foreign exchange activity from the translation of our EUR-denominated funds' AUM to USD. Investment and distribution activity has no impact for funds still in the original investment period where Fee-earning AUM is based on commitments.
Fee-earning AUM was $57.6 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $4.1 billion, or approximately 7%, compared to $61.7 billion at December 31, 2019. The decrease was driven by outflows of $4.3 billion primarily due to CP V no longer charging management fees, as well as dispositions in funds which charge fees based on invested capital.
Fee-earning AUM was $57.6 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $3.6 billion, or approximately 6%, compared to $61.2 billion at September 30, 2019. The decrease was driven by outflows of $5.5 billion primarily due to CP V no longer charging management fees, as well as dispositions in funds which charge fees based on invested capital. Partially offsetting the decrease were inflows of $1.6 billion primarily from new fee-paying commitments raised in CEP V as well as investments in other funds which charge fees based on invested capital.
Fee-earning AUM was $61.2 billion at September 30, 2019, an increase of $0.7 billion, or approximately 1%, compared to $60.5 billion at June 30, 2019. This increase was driven by inflows of $1.5 billion primarily from the activation of management fees in CETP IV. Partially offsetting the increase were $0.5 billion of negative foreign exchange activity from the translation of our EUR-denominated funds' AUM to USD and outflows of $0.3 billion primarily in our Europe buyout and growth funds.
Fee-earning AUM was $61.2 billion at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.2 billion, or approximately 2%, compared to $62.4 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease was driven by outflows of $2.6 billion primarily in our U.S. buyout funds and negative foreign exchange activity of $0.6 billion from the translation of our EUR-denominated funds' AUM to USD. This was partially offset by inflows of $2.1 billion from new fee-earning commitments raised in CETP IV and CEP V.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 84,290 | $ | 86,429 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | — | 492 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (1,736) | (5,291) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 2,015 | 3,014 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 736 | 661 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 85,305 | $ | 85,305 | |||||||
(1) Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2) Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, as well as the expiration of available capital.
(3) Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, as well as the impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, and other changes in AUM.
(4) Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Total AUM was $85.3 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $1.0 billion compared to $84.3 billion as of June 30, 2020. The increase was driven by overall segment appreciation of $2.0 billion, or 5%, for the period. The carry funds driving appreciation for the period included $0.7 billion attributable to CP VI, $0.6 billion attributable to CAP IV, and $0.3 billion
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attributable to CAP V. Partially offsetting the increase were outflows of $1.7 billion primarily from distributions of investment proceeds in our Europe Buyout and U.S. Buyout funds.
Total AUM was $85.3 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $1.1 billion compared to $86.4 billion as of December 31, 2019. Driving the decrease were outflows of $5.3 billion primarily from distributions of investment proceeds in our U.S. Buyout, Asia Buyout, and Europe Buyout funds. Offsetting this was overall segment appreciation of $3.0 billion, or 8%, for the period. The carry funds driving appreciation for the period included $3.8 billion attributable to CP VI, $1.1 billion attributable to CAP IV, and $0.3 billion attributable to CETP III, partially offset by depreciation in CEP IV, CP V, and CGP.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our investment funds that generally have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2020, which we refer to as our “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
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The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Corporate Private Equity business. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | REALIZED/PARTIALLY REALIZED INVESTMENTS(7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2020 | As of September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund Vintage (1) | Investment Period End/Fee Stepdown (2) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(3) | Realized Value(4) | Remaining Fair Value(5) | MOIC(6) | Gross IRR (9)(17) | Net IRR (10)(17) | In Accrued Carry/(Clawback)(11) | LTM Realized Carry (12) | Cumulative Invested Capital(3) | Total Fair Value(13) | MOIC(6) | Gross IRR (9)(17) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Invested/Committed Funds(8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP V | 2007 | $ | 13,719.7 | $ | 13,238.2 | $ | 26,195.5 | $ | 1,556.3 | 2.1x | 18 | % | 14 | % | X | X | $ | 10,777.9 | $ | 26,667.8 | 2.5x | 24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VI | 2014 | $ | 13,000.0 | $ | 13,019.1 | $ | 7,035.3 | $ | 16,099.0 | 1.8x | 18 | % | 13 | % | X | X | $ | 3,948.3 | $ | 6,099.4 | 1.5x | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP II | 2003 | € | 1,805.4 | € | 2,048.4 | € | 4,113.3 | € | 24.3 | 2.0x | 36 | % | 20 | % | X | X | € | 1,888.9 | € | 4,121.7 | 2.2x | 43 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP III | 2007 | € | 5,294.9 | € | 5,155.5 | € | 10,995.5 | € | 409.9 | 2.2x | 19 | % | 14 | % | X | € | 4,667.5 | € | 11,265.9 | 2.4x | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP IV | 2014 | € | 3,669.5 | € | 3,752.9 | € | 1,909.5 | € | 2,793.3 | 1.3x | 8 | % | 4 | % | € | 889.2 | € | 1,597.0 | 1.8x | 23 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP III | 2008 | $ | 2,551.6 | $ | 2,543.2 | $ | 4,416.5 | $ | 197.4 | 1.8x | 16 | % | 11 | % | X | X | $ | 2,149.0 | $ | 4,416.7 | 2.1x | 19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP IV | 2014 | $ | 3,880.4 | $ | 4,043.5 | $ | 3,000.4 | $ | 3,725.9 | 1.7x | 17 | % | 11 | % | X | $ | 1,415.1 | $ | 4,194.2 | 3.0x | 35 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP II | 2006 | ¥ | 165,600.0 | ¥ | 141,866.7 | ¥ | 205,301.1 | ¥ | 1,080.0 | 1.5x | 7 | % | 3 | % | ¥ | 134,666.7 | ¥ | 203,831.2 | 1.5x | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP III | 2013 | ¥ | 119,505.1 | ¥ | 91,191.7 | ¥ | 74,632.4 | ¥ | 90,091.3 | 1.8x | 19 | % | 12 | % | X | ¥ | 28,909.3 | ¥ | 81,077.4 | 2.8x | 37 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP II | 2013 | $ | 1,000.0 | $ | 942.7 | $ | 1,029.7 | $ | 752.7 | 1.9x | 23 | % | 16 | % | X | X | $ | 485.9 | $ | 1,006.3 | 2.1x | 29 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF I | 2011 | $ | 1,119.1 | $ | 1,173.6 | $ | 1,409.8 | $ | 323.5 | 1.5x | 12 | % | 8 | % | X | $ | 766.7 | $ | 1,323.9 | 1.7x | 22 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEOF II | 2015 | $ | 2,400.0 | $ | 2,055.9 | $ | 190.5 | $ | 2,032.6 | 1.1x | 3 | % | Neg | $ | 110.0 | $ | 137.5 | 1.3x | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP III | 2014 | € | 656.6 | € | 592.1 | € | 1,062.6 | € | 407.1 | 2.5x | 42 | % | 29 | % | X | X | € | 236.6 | € | 1,063.7 | 4.5x | 53 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAGP IV | 2008 | $ | 1,041.4 | $ | 954.1 | $ | 1,088.6 | $ | 145.8 | 1.3x | 7 | % | 2 | % | $ | 778.7 | $ | 1,085.1 | 1.4x | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs(14) | Various | $ | 10,653.2 | $ | 10,718.4 | $ | 5,019.8 | 1.5x | 11 | % | 9 | % | $ | 5,761.4 | $ | 10,987.5 | 1.9x | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds, Coinvestments and SMA's(15) | Various | $ | 25,110.8 | $ | 63,851.0 | $ | 11.2 | 2.5x | 33 | % | 28 | % | $ | 25,110.8 | $ | 63,862.2 | 2.5x | 33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fully Invested/Committed Funds | $ | 89,480.3 | $ | 142,782.8 | $ | 34,988.8 | 2.0x | 26 | % | 18 | % | $ | 61,859.1 | $ | 143,636.4 | 2.3x | 27 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds in the Investment Period(8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP VII | 2018 | May-24 | $ | 18,510.0 | $ | 8,733.6 | $ | 262.7 | $ | 8,933.7 | 1.1x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEP V | 2018 | Oct-24 | € | 6,416.4 | € | 1,683.3 | € | 8.0 | € | 1,573.8 | 0.9x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAP V | 2018 | Jun-24 | $ | 6,554.2 | $ | 1,692.0 | $ | 280.2 | $ | 1,964.1 | 1.3x | 42 | % | 13 | % | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGP | 2015 | Mar-21 | $ | 3,588.0 | $ | 2,813.3 | $ | 209.8 | $ | 2,812.0 | 1.1x | 2 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CJP IV | 2020 | Jan-26 | ¥ | 258,000.0 | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGFSP III | 2018 | Dec-23 | $ | 1,004.6 | $ | 441.4 | $ | 3.9 | $ | 516.2 | 1.2x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CETP IV | 2019 | Jul-25 | € | 1,350.0 | € | 339.4 | € | — | € | 321.8 | 0.9x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs(16) | Various | $ | 3,692.7 | $ | 426.7 | $ | 3,726.3 | 1.1x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Funds in the Investment Period | $ | 19,744.2 | $ | 1,192.7 | $ | 20,174.3 | 1.1x | 5 | % | Neg | $ | 82.2 | $ | 298.5 | 3.6x | 60 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL CORPORATE PRIVATE EQUITY(18) | $ | 109,224.5 | $ | 143,975.5 | $ | 55,163.1 | 1.8x | 25 | % | 17 | % | $ | 61,941.3 | $ | 143,934.9 | 2.3x | 27 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The data presented herein that provides “inception to date” performance results of our segments relates to the period following the formation of the first fund within each segment. For our Corporate Private Equity segment our first fund was formed in 1990.
(2)Represents the fund's investment period end date or, if different, the date at which the management fee calculation basis is scheduled to step down from commitments to remaining invested capital at cost (where applicable). This measure is only relevant and reported for funds currently in the investment period.
(3)Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund.
(4)Represents all realized proceeds since inception of the fund.
(5)Represents remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, and may include remaining escrow values for realized investments.
(6)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
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(7)An investment is considered realized when the investment fund has completely exited, and ceases to own an interest in, the investment. An investment is considered partially realized when the total amount of proceeds received in respect of such investment, including dividends, interest or other distributions and/or return of capital, represents at least 85% of invested capital and such investment is not yet fully realized. Because part of our value creation strategy involves pursuing best exit alternatives, we believe information regarding Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR, when considered together with the other investment performance metrics presented, provides investors with meaningful information regarding our investment performance by removing the impact of investments where significant realization activity has not yet occurred. Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR have limitations as measures of investment performance, and should not be considered in isolation. Such limitations include the fact that these measures do not include the performance of earlier stage and other investments that do not satisfy the criteria provided above. The exclusion of such investments will have a positive impact on Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR in instances when the MOIC and Gross IRR in respect of such investments are less than the aggregate MOIC and Gross IRR. Our measurements of Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR may not be comparable to those of other companies that use similarly titled measures. We do not present Realized/Partially Realized performance information separately for funds that are still in the investment period because of the relatively insignificant level of realizations for funds of this type. However, to the extent such funds have had realizations, they are included in the Realized/Partially Realized performance information presented for Total Corporate Private Equity.
(8)Fully Invested funds are past the expiration date of the investment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. In instances where a successor fund has had its first capital call, the predecessor fund is categorized as fully invested.
(9)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(10)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund.
(11)Fund has a net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end, driven by a significant portion of the fund's asset base.
(12)Fund has generated realized net performance fees/(realized giveback) in the last twelve months.
(13)Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(14)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CVP II, MENA, CCI, CSSAF I, CSABF, and CPF.
(15)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CP I, CP II, CP III, CP IV, CEP I, CAP I, CAP II, CBPF I, CJP I, CMG, CVP I, CUSGF III, CGFSP I, CEVP I, CETP I, CETP II, CAVP I, CAVP II, CAGP III and Mexico.
(16)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CAP Growth I and CBPF II.
(17)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is considered not meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end.
(18)For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate.
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Real Assets
For purposes of presenting our results of operations for this segment, our earnings from our investments in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions. The following table presents our results of operations for our Real Assets segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 67.4 | $ | 78.1 | $ | 222.4 | $ | 261.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 0.3 | (0.1) | 0.9 | 3.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 67.7 | 78.0 | 223.3 | 265.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 12.2 | 65.0 | 99.3 | 94.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 2.5 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 75.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 82.5 | 147.7 | 328.1 | 437.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 31.3 | 33.1 | 102.6 | 102.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | 5.9 | 29.2 | 44.9 | 52.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 37.2 | 62.3 | 147.5 | 155.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 12.2 | 16.7 | 46.8 | 50.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 1.5 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 5.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 4.0 | 3.2 | 13.5 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 54.9 | 84.4 | 212.4 | 221.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 27.6 | $ | 63.3 | $ | 115.7 | $ | 216.0 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 6.3 | 35.8 | 54.4 | 42.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 2.5 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 75.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 3.9 | 2.4 | 12.6 | 7.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 22.7 | $ | 26.0 | $ | 69.3 | $ | 105.7 | |||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings decreased $35.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $100.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 63.3 | $ | 216.0 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Decrease in fee related earnings | (3.3) | (36.4) | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in realized net performance revenues | (29.5) | 12.3 | |||||||||
| Decrease in realized principal investment income | (1.4) | (71.0) | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (1.5) | (5.2) | |||||||||
| Total decrease | (35.7) | (100.3) | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 27.6 | $ | 115.7 | |||||||
Realized Net Performance Revenues. Realized net performance revenues decreased $29.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to lower realizations in our U.S. real estate funds.
Realized net performance revenues increased $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the $19.9 million realized giveback on Riverstone Legacy Energy Fund IV in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and higher realizations in our Europe real estate funds in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, partially offset by lower realizations in our U.S. real estate funds. Realized net performance revenues were primarily generated by the following funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| CRP III | CRP VII | CRP III | Energy IV (giveback) | |||||||||||||||||
| CRP VII | CRP III | CRP VII | CRP VII | |||||||||||||||||
| CERF | CPI | |||||||||||||||||||
| CEREP III | CRP III | |||||||||||||||||||
| CPOCP | ||||||||||||||||||||
Realized Principal Investment Income. Realized principal investment income decreased $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $71.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the recovery of $71.5 million from the final resolution of French tax litigation concerning a European real estate fund in 2019, which reversed a portion of an investment loss recognized in 2015. See Note 7 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on this matter.
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Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings decreased $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $36.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 26.0 | $ | 105.7 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Decrease in fee revenues | (10.3) | (41.7) | |||||||||
| Decrease in cash-based compensation and benefits | 1.8 | 0.3 | |||||||||
| Decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | 4.5 | 3.7 | |||||||||
| All other changes | 0.7 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Total decrease | (3.3) | (36.4) | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 22.7 | $ | 69.3 | |||||||
Fee Revenues. Fee revenues decreased $10.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $41.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to the following:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Lower fund management fees | $ | (10.7) | $ | (38.9) | |||||||
| Higher (lower) portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 0.4 | (2.8) | |||||||||
| Total decrease in fee revenues | $ | (10.3) | $ | (41.7) | |||||||
The decrease in fund management fees for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily reflects lower management fees from CGIOF and NGP XII.
The decrease in fund management fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily reflects lower management fees from CIEP I, CGIOF and NGP XII, including $26.4 million in catch up management fees from subsequent closes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, partially offset by increased management fees from CIEP II, including $6.3 million in catch up management fees from subsequent closes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The decrease in portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily from transaction fees associated with investments in CIEP I and CPP II in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The weighted average management fee rate for funds in the investment period decreased to 1.26% at September 30, 2020 from 1.29% at September 30, 2019 primarily due to new funds raised with lower fee rates. The total weighted average management fee rate was 1.24% at September 30, 2020, up slightly from 1.23% at September 30, 2019.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense decreased $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to lower projected year-end bonuses.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expense decreased $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to lower professional fees and travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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General, administrative and other indirect expense decreased $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due the allocated portion of the cost recovery associated with the CCC matter of $5.7 million (see Note 7 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information), positive foreign currency adjustments and lower travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
The table below breaks out Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Real Assets | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 17,406 | $ | 15,495 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 10,981 | 14,724 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 2,789 | 2,131 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other (3) | 360 | 364 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM (4) | $ | 31,536 | $ | 32,714 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (5) | |||||||||||
| All Funds | 1.24 | % | 1.23 | % | |||||||
| Funds in Investment Period | 1.26 | % | 1.29 | % | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, See “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Includes amounts committed to or reserved for investments for certain real estate funds.
(3)Includes certain funds that are calculated on gross asset value.
(4)Energy III, Energy IV, and Renew II (collectively, the “Legacy Energy Funds”), are managed with Riverstone Holdings LLC and its affiliates. Affiliates of both Carlyle and Riverstone act as investment advisors to each of the Legacy Energy Funds. Carlyle has a minority representation on the management committees of Energy IV and Renew II. Carlyle and Riverstone each hold half of the seats on the management committee of Energy III, but the investment period for this fund has expired and the remaining investments in such fund are being disposed of in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2020, the Legacy Energy Funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $1.0 billion in AUM and $1.2 billion in Fee-earning AUM. NGP IX, or in the case of NGP M&R and NGP ETP II, certain affiliated entities (collectively, the “NGP Predecessor Funds”) and NGP X, NGP GAP, NGP XI, and NGP XII (referred to herein as the “NGP Carry Funds”, collectively with the NGP Predecessor Funds, the “NGP Energy Funds”), are managed by NGP Energy Capital Management (“NGP”). As of September 30, 2020, the NGP Energy Funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $9.6 billion in AUM and $9.4 billion in Fee-earning AUM.
(5)Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate of each fund in the segment, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented. Calculation reflects Carlyle’s 10% and 55% interest in management fees earned by the Legacy Energy funds and the NGP Energy Funds, respectively.
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The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Assets | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 31,569 | $ | 33,197 | $ | 33,151 | $ | 32,977 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 501 | 519 | 2,017 | 3,665 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (762) | (1,039) | (3,623) | (3,906) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 171 | 91 | (53) | 42 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 57 | (54) | 44 | (64) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 31,536 | $ | 32,714 | $ | 31,536 | $ | 32,714 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital, and gross subscriptions in open-ended vehicles with management fees based on net asset value. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees, and gross redemptions in open-ended vehicles with management fees based on net asset value. Realizations for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Fee-earning AUM was $31.5 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.1 billion compared to $31.6 billion at June 30, 2020. The decrease was driven by outflows of $0.8 billion primarily from distributions in our NGP Energy funds. Offsetting this decrease were inflows of $0.5 billion primarily related to purchases in CIEP I and CPI, as well as $0.2 billion of positive market activity primarily from appreciation in CPI. Changes in fair value have no material impact on Fee-earning AUM for Real Assets as substantially all of the funds generate management fees based on either commitments or invested capital at cost, neither of which is impacted by fair value movements. Investment and distribution activity has no impact for funds still in the original investment period where Fee-earning AUM is based on commitments.
Fee-earning AUM was $31.5 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $1.7 billion, or approximately 5%, compared to $33.2 billion at December 31, 2019. This decrease was driven by outflows of $3.6 billion primarily in our NGP Energy and Legacy Energy funds. Partially offsetting the decrease were inflows of $2.0 billion primarily related to new limited partner capital invested in CPI and new fee-paying commitments raised in CIEP II.
Fee-earning AUM was $31.5 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $1.2 billion, or approximately 4%, compared to $32.7 billion at September 30, 2019. This decrease was driven by outflows of $4.5 billion primarily in our NGP Energy, Legacy Energy, and U.S. Real Estate funds. Partially offsetting the decrease were inflows of $3.2 billion primarily related to new limited partner capital invested in CPI and other funds with fees based on invested capital, as well as new fee-paying commitments raised in CIEP II and CRSEF.
Fee-earning AUM was $32.7 billion at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.5 billion compared to $33.2 billion at June 30, 2019. The decrease was driven by outflows of $1.0 billion primarily in our Legacy Energy and U.S. real estate funds. This was partially offset by inflows of $0.5 billion primarily related to new fee-paying commitments in CIEP II and new limited partner capital invested in CPI.
Fee-earning AUM was $32.7 billion at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.3 billion compared to $33.0 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease was driven by outflows of $3.9 billion primarily in our NGP Energy, Legacy Energy, and U.S. real estate funds. This was offset by inflows of $3.7 billion primarily related to new fee-paying commitments in CGI, the activation of management fees in CIEP II, and new limited partner capital invested in CPI.
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Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Real Assets | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 40,176 | $ | 43,355 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 237 | 1,887 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (941) | (2,198) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 399 | (3,153) | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 80 | 60 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 39,951 | $ | 39,951 | |||||||
(1) Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2) Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, separately managed accounts and the NGP Predecessor Funds, gross redemptions in our open-ended funds, and the expiration of available capital.
(3) Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds and related co-investment vehicles, the NGP Predecessor Funds and separately managed accounts, as well as the net impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, and other changes in AUM.
(4) Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Total AUM was $40.0 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.2 billion compared to $40.2 billion at June 30, 2020. The decrease was driven by outflows of $0.9 billion related to distributions in our Legacy Energy and U.S. real estate funds.This was offset by appreciation of $0.4 billion and inflows of $0.2 billion primarily from fundraising in CPI, NGP Minerals, and new coinvestment offerings. Appreciation was driven by $0.1 billion attributable to NGP XII, $0.1 billion attributable to CRP VIII, and $0.1 billion attributable to CPI.
Total AUM was $40.0 billion at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $3.4 billion, or approximately 8%, compared to $43.4 billion at December 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to depreciation of $3.2 billion which was driven by $1.1 billion attributable to NGP XI, $0.5 billion attributable to CIEP I, and $0.2 billion attributable to NGP X. Also driving the decrease were outflows of $2.2 billion related to distributions in our Legacy Energy and U.S. real estate funds. This was partially offset by inflows of $1.9 billion from fundraising in CPI, CIEP II, and NGP Minerals.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our carry funds that generally have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2020, which we refer to as our “significant funds,” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns. The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Real Assets business. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
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| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | REALIZED/PARTIALLY REALIZED INVESTMENTS(7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2020 | As of September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund Vintage (1) | Investment Period End/Fee Stepdown (2) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(3) | Realized Value(4) | Remaining Fair Value(5) | MOIC(6) | Gross IRR (9)(17) | Net IRR (10)(17) | In Accrued Carry/(Clawback)(11) | LTM Realized Carry/Clawback (12) | Cumulative Invested Capital(3) | Total Fair Value(13) | MOIC(6) | Gross IRR (9)(17) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Assets | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Invested/Committed Funds(8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP IV | 2004 | $ | 950.0 | $ | 1,215.2 | $ | 1,985.0 | $ | 10.0 | 1.6x | 7 | % | 4 | % | $ | 1,157.2 | $ | 1,983.8 | 1.7x | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP V | 2006 | $ | 3,000.0 | $ | 3,349.1 | $ | 5,090.5 | $ | 792.3 | 1.8x | 12 | % | 9 | % | X | X | $ | 3,227.0 | $ | 5,794.7 | 1.8x | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VI | 2010 | $ | 2,340.0 | $ | 2,163.4 | $ | 3,600.5 | $ | 302.5 | 1.8x | 27 | % | 18 | % | X | X | $ | 1,705.9 | $ | 3,450.9 | 2.0x | 32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VII | 2014 | $ | 4,161.6 | $ | 3,734.3 | $ | 3,652.7 | $ | 2,210.5 | 1.6x | 19 | % | 12 | % | X | X | $ | 1,953.3 | $ | 3,534.8 | 1.8x | 26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEREP III | 2007 | € | 2,229.5 | € | 2,052.7 | € | 2,395.7 | € | 84.6 | 1.2x | 4 | % | 1 | % | € | 1,911.6 | € | 2,392.9 | 1.3x | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CIEP I | 2013 | $ | 2,500.0 | $ | 2,326.3 | $ | 860.6 | $ | 2,196.4 | 1.3x | 14 | % | 6 | % | $ | 665.4 | $ | 1,344.2 | 2.0x | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NGP X | 2012 | $ | 3,586.0 | $ | 3,343.9 | $ | 2,972.3 | $ | 562.6 | 1.1x | 2 | % | Neg | $ | 2,231.6 | $ | 2,900.4 | 1.3x | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NGP XI | 2014 | $ | 5,325.0 | $ | 4,925.7 | $ | 1,651.3 | $ | 3,439.0 | 1.0x | 1 | % | Neg | $ | 1,428.4 | $ | 1,582.8 | 1.1x | 33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy III | 2005 | $ | 3,800.0 | $ | 3,569.7 | $ | 5,248.6 | $ | 152.3 | 1.5x | 9 | % | 5 | % | $ | 3,152.1 | $ | 5,044.9 | 1.6x | 11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy IV | 2007 | $ | 5,979.1 | $ | 6,372.8 | $ | 6,950.8 | $ | 443.1 | 1.2x | 5 | % | 1 | % | (X) | $ | 5,990.5 | $ | 7,233.7 | 1.2x | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Renew II | 2008 | $ | 3,417.5 | $ | 2,833.5 | $ | 3,008.4 | $ | 911.5 | 1.4x | 6 | % | 3 | % | (X) | $ | 2,376.5 | $ | 2,948.8 | 1.2x | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs(14) | Various | $ | 5,380.4 | $ | 6,602.1 | $ | 2,247.2 | 1.6x | 8 | % | 7 | % | $ | 3,548.2 | $ | 6,559.2 | 1.8x | 11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs(15) | Various | $ | 8,698.7 | $ | 12,716.8 | $ | 2.9 | 1.5x | 20 | % | 11 | % | $ | 8,698.7 | $ | 12,719.7 | 1.5x | 20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fully Invested/Committed Funds | $ | 50,319.2 | $ | 57,148.0 | $ | 13,369.5 | 1.4x | 11 | % | 6 | % | $ | 38,375.6 | $ | 57,902.8 | 1.5x | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds in the Investment Period(8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRP VIII | 2017 | May-22 | $ | 5,505.1 | $ | 2,583.0 | $ | 343.4 | $ | 2,779.7 | 1.2x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NGP XII | 2017 | Jul-22 | $ | 4,277.6 | $ | 2,127.9 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 2,081.5 | 1.0x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CIEP II | 2019 | Apr-25 | $ | 2,256.9 | $ | 363.6 | $ | — | $ | 345.4 | 0.9x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPP II | 2014 | Apr-21 | $ | 1,526.7 | $ | 1,229.4 | $ | 318.6 | $ | 1,214.2 | 1.2x | 10 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPI | 2016 | n/a | $ | 3,393.6 | $ | 2,903.1 | $ | 560.8 | $ | 2,923.6 | 1.2x | 13 | % | 11 | % | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGIOF | 2018 | Sep-23 | $ | 2,201.4 | $ | 319.4 | $ | 28.8 | $ | 183.2 | 0.7x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs(16) | Various | $ | 1,912.0 | $ | 254.9 | $ | 1,798.0 | 1.1x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Funds in the Investment Period | $ | 11,438.3 | $ | 1,506.6 | $ | 11,325.7 | 1.1x | 9 | % | 2 | % | $ | 428.7 | $ | 768.4 | 1.8x | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL REAL ASSETS(18) | $ | 61,757.6 | $ | 58,654.6 | $ | 24,695.2 | 1.3x | 11 | % | 6 | % | $ | 38,804.3 | $ | 58,671.3 | 1.5x | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The data presented herein that provides “inception to date” performance results of our segments relates to the period following the formation of the first fund within each segment. For our Real Assets segment our first fund was formed in 1997.
(2)Represents the fund's investment period end date or, if different, the date at which the management fee calculation basis is scheduled to step down from commitments to remaining invested capital at cost (where applicable). This measure is only relevant and reported for funds currently in the investment period.
(3)Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund.
(4)Represents all realized proceeds since inception of the fund.
(5)Represents remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, and may include remaining escrow values for realized investments.
(6)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
(7)An investment is considered realized when the investment fund has completely exited, and ceases to own an interest in, the investment. An investment is considered partially realized when the total amount of proceeds received in respect of such investment, including dividends, interest or other distributions and/or return of capital, represents at least 85% of invested capital and such investment is not yet fully realized. Because part of our value creation strategy involves pursuing best exit alternatives, we believe information regarding Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR, when considered together with the other investment performance metrics presented, provides investors with meaningful information regarding our investment performance by removing the impact of investments where significant realization activity has not yet occurred. Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR have limitations as measures of investment performance, and should not be considered in isolation. Such limitations include the fact that these measures do not include the performance of earlier stage and other investments that do not satisfy the criteria provided above. The exclusion of such investments will have a positive
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impact on Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR in instances when the MOIC and Gross IRR in respect of such investments are less than the aggregate MOIC and Gross IRR. Our measurements of Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR may not be comparable to those of other companies that use similarly titled measures. We do not present Realized/Partially Realized performance information separately for funds that are still in the investment period because of the relatively insignificant level of realizations for funds of this type. However, to the extent such funds have had realizations, they are included in the Realized/Partially Realized performance information presented for Total Real Assets.
(8)Fully Invested funds are past the expiration date of the investment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. In instances where a successor fund has had its first capital call, the predecessor fund is categorized as fully invested.
(9)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(10)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund.
(11)Fund has a net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end, driven by a significant portion of the fund's asset base.
(12)Fund has generated realized net performance fees/(realized giveback) in the last twelve months.
(13)Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(14)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: NGP GAP and CPOCP.
(15)Aggregate includes the following funds: CRP I, CRP II, CRP III, CRCP I, CAREP I, CAREP II, CEREP I, CEREP II, Energy I, Energy II, Renew I, and CIP.
(16)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CCR, CRSEF, CER, and NGP RP.
(17)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is considered not meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end.
(18)For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate.
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Global Credit
The following table presents our results of operations for our Global Credit segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 86.2 | $ | 75.6 | $ | 237.5 | $ | 229.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 1.6 | 2.5 | 19.4 | 8.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 87.8 | 78.1 | 256.9 | 238.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | — | 0.9 | 26.5 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 4.5 | 2.2 | 14.9 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2.3 | 3.6 | 8.0 | 10.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 94.6 | 84.8 | 306.3 | 258.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 52.5 | 43.9 | 156.1 | 140.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | — | — | 12.2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 52.5 | 43.9 | 168.3 | 140.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 12.0 | 20.9 | 30.7 | 57.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 1.8 | 2.4 | 5.2 | 6.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 6.3 | 6.5 | 20.2 | 19.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 72.6 | 73.7 | 224.4 | 224.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 22.0 | $ | 11.1 | $ | 81.9 | $ | 34.1 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | — | 0.9 | 14.3 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 4.5 | 2.2 | 14.9 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 4.0 | 2.9 | 12.2 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 21.5 | $ | 10.9 | $ | 64.9 | $ | 34.0 | |||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings increased $10.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $47.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 11.1 | $ | 34.1 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee related earnings | 10.6 | 30.9 | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in realized net performance revenues | (0.9) | 13.3 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized principal investment income | 2.3 | 6.7 | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (1.1) | (3.1) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 10.9 | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 22.0 | $ | 81.9 | |||||||
Realized net performance revenues increased $13.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily driven by Carlyle Aviation Partners in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Realized Principal Investment Income. Realized principal investment income increased $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $6.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to higher realizations on investments in our business development companies. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was partially offset by higher dividends from our Interval Fund in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings increased $10.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $30.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 10.9 | $ | 34.0 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee revenues | 9.7 | 18.5 | |||||||||
| Increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | (8.6) | (16.1) | |||||||||
| Decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | 8.9 | 27.2 | |||||||||
| All other changes | 0.6 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Total increase | 10.6 | 30.9 | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 21.5 | $ | 64.9 | |||||||
Fee Revenues. Fee revenues increased $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to the following:
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| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2020 v. 2019 | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Higher fund management fees | $ | 10.6 | $ | 7.9 | |||||||
| (Lower) higher portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | (0.9) | 10.6 | |||||||||
| Total increase in fee revenues | $ | 9.7 | $ | 18.5 | |||||||
The increase in fund management fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily driven by increased management fees from our structured credit funds, opportunistic credit carry fund, direct lending platform, and Carlyle FRL, partially offset by lower management fees from our energy mezzanine carry funds and lower servicing fees from Carlyle Aviation Partners. In the third quarter of 2020, we recognized $7.6 million of subordinated management fees in certain of our U.S. CLOs that were previously deferred in the first and second quarters of 2020.
The increase in portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily from transaction fees associated with Carlyle FRL during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (see Note 4 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information).
The weighted average management fee rate on our carry funds increased from 1.23% at September 30, 2019 to 1.27% at September 30, 2020. The rate increase was primarily due to runoff of an early vintage fund with a lower fee rate and new fee-paying commitments raised in SASOF V with a higher effective fee rate.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $16.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to increased headcount.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $8.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to lower professional fees and lower travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $27.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the allocated portion of the cost recovery associated with the CCC matter of $6.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (see Note 7 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information), as well as lower professional fees, due in part to expense recoveries from Carlyle FRL, and lower travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
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The table below breaks out Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Global Credit | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 5,018 | $ | 4,727 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital | 5,178 | 4,015 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par | 26,326 | 24,831 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 1,517 | 1,377 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on other (2) | 4,341 | 2,198 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 42,380 | $ | 37,148 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (3) | |||||||||||
| All Funds, excluding CLOs | 1.27 | % | 1.23 | % | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Includes funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(3) Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate for carry funds, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented. Management fees for CLOs are based on the total par amount of the assets (collateral) and principal balance of the notes in the fund and are not calculated as a percentage of equity and are therefore not included.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 41,830 | $ | 35,902 | $ | 37,862 | $ | 35,152 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 703 | 2,088 | 5,220 | 3,784 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (569) | (765) | (1,879) | (2,390) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 68 | 212 | 338 | 945 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 348 | (289) | 839 | (343) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 42,380 | $ | 37,148 | $ | 42,380 | $ | 37,148 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period, the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital, the fee-earning collateral balance of new CLO issuances, as well as gross subscriptions in our vehicles for which management fees are based on net asset value. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees, gross redemptions in our open-ended funds, and runoff of CLO collateral balances. Realizations for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in funds or vehicles based on the lower of cost or fair value or net asset value, as well as activity of funds with fees based on gross asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Fee-earning AUM was $42.4 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.6 billion compared to $41.8 billion at June 30, 2020. This increase was driven by inflows of $0.7 billion primarily from the closing of our latest vintage U.S. CLO and
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investments made in funds with fees based on invested capital. Also driving the increase was positive foreign exchange activity of $0.3 billion from the translation of Fee-earning AUM in our EUR-denominated CLO’s to USD. This was partially offset by outflows of $0.6 billion due to runoff of CLO collateral balances and outflows in other funds with fees tied to asset value. Investment and distribution activity has no impact for funds still in the original investment period where Fee-earning AUM is based on commitments.
Fee-earning AUM was $42.4 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $4.5 billion compared to $37.9 billion at December 31, 2019. This increase was driven by inflows of $5.2 billion primarily from the onboarding of fee-earning AUM in our insurance business, new fee-paying capital raised in our CLO’s, activation of management fees in SASOF V, and new investments made in CCOF. This was partially offset by outflows of $1.9 billion due to runoff of CLO collateral balances and outflows in other funds with fees tied to asset value.
Fee-earning AUM was $42.4 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $5.3 billion, or approximately 14%, compared to $37.1 billion at September 30, 2019. The increase was driven by inflows of $5.9 billion primarily related to the raising of additional U.S. and Europe CLOs, the onboarding of fee-earning AUM in our insurance business, purchases in CCOF and CSC, and the activation of management fees in SASOF V. This was partially offset by outflows of $2.2 billion primarily due to runoff of our CLO collateral balances and in other funds with fees tied to asset value.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.1 billion at September 30, 2019, an increase of $1.2 billion, or approximately 3%, compared to $35.9 billion at June 30, 2019. This increase was driven by inflows of $2.1 billion primarily related to the closing of our latest U.S. and Europe CLO's, as well as purchases in CCOF. This was partially offset by outflows of $0.8 billion primarily due to dispositions in funds with fees based on invested capital and runoff of our CLO collateral balances.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.1 billion at September 30, 2019, an increase of $1.9 billion, or approximately 5%, compared to $35.2 billion at December 31, 2018. The increase was driven by inflows of $3.8 billion primarily related to the closing of our latest U.S. and Europe CLOs, as well as purchases in CCOF. This was partially offset by $2.4 billion of outflows primarily due to a fee-basis stepdown in CEMOF II, runoff of our CLO collateral balances, and dispositions in funds with fees based on invested capital.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Global Credit | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 49,992 | $ | 49,412 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 2,374 | 6,247 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (384) | (2,917) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 671 | (106) | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 350 | 367 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 53,003 | $ | 53,003 | |||||||
(1) Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2) Outflows includes distributions net of recallable or recyclable amounts in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, and separately managed accounts, gross redemptions in our open-ended funds, runoff of CLO collateral balances, and the expiration of available capital.
(3) Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles, and separately managed accounts, as well as the impact of fees, expenses and non-investment income, change in gross asset value for our business development companies and other changes in AUM.
(4) Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
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Total AUM was $53.0 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $3.0 billion, or approximately 6%, compared to $50.0 billion at June 30, 2020. The increase was driven by $2.4 billion of inflows primarily related to fundraising in various separately managed accounts and the closing of our latest vintage U.S. CLO, as well as $0.7 billion of market appreciation in our carry funds and insurance business. This was offset by $0.4 billion of outflows due to runoff of CLO and other collateral balances.
Total AUM was $53.0 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $3.6 billion, or approximately 7%, compared to $49.4 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase was driven by $6.2 billion of inflows primarily related to fundraising in our insurance business, various separately managed accounts, and SASOF V, as well as closings in our latest vintage U.S. and Europe CLO’s. This was partially offset by outflows of $2.9 billion related to runoff of CLO and other collateral balances and the expiration of dry powder in CEMOF II.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for certain of our Global Credit funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following table reflects the performance of carry funds in our Global Credit business. These tables separately present carry funds that, as of September 30, 2020, had at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total equity value. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
| (Dollars in millions) | TOTAL INVESTMENTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Credit (Carry Funds Only) | Fund Vintage (1) | Investment Period End/Fee Stepdown(2) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital (3) | Realized Value (4) | Remaining Fair Value (5) | MOIC (6) | Gross IRR (7) (13) | Net IRR (8) (13) | In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) (14) | LTM Realized Carry/(Clawback) (15) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active Fully Invested/Committed Funds (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSP II | 2007 | $ | 1,352.3 | $ | 1,352.3 | $ | 2,430.8 | $ | 61.8 | 1.8x | 17 | % | 11 | % | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSP III | 2011 | $ | 702.8 | $ | 702.8 | $ | 846.2 | $ | 178.1 | 1.5x | 21 | % | 11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEMOF I | 2011 | $ | 1,382.5 | $ | 1,606.2 | $ | 868.1 | $ | 123.6 | 0.6x | Neg | Neg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEMOF II | 2015 | $ | 2,819.2 | $ | 1,692.6 | $ | 672.5 | $ | 969.3 | 1.0x | Neg | Neg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSC | 2017 | $ | 838.2 | $ | 1,303.4 | $ | 599.0 | $ | 753 | 1.0x | 4 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs (10) | Various | $ | 2,608.2 | $ | 2,659.2 | $ | 365.6 | 1.2x | 7 | % | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs (11) | Various | $ | 1,312.1 | $ | 1,804.7 | $ | — | 1.4x | 12 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fully Invested/Committed Funds | $ | 10,577.4 | $ | 9,880.6 | $ | 2,451.3 | 1.2x | 8 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funds in the Investment Period (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSP IV | 2016 | Dec-20 | $ | 2,500.0 | $ | 1,589.4 | $ | 708.0 | $ | 1,013.2 | 1.1x | 7 | % | Neg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CCOF | 2017 | Jun-22 | $ | 2,373.4 | $ | 2,229.9 | $ | 581.4 | $ | 1,954.1 | 1.1x | 22 | % | 14 | % | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| All Other Funds, Coinvestments and SMAs (12) | Various | $ | 871.5 | $ | 290.2 | $ | 585.2 | 1.0x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Funds in the Investment Period | $ | 4,690.8 | $ | 1,579.6 | $ | 3,552.5 | 1.1x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL Global Credit | $ | 15,268.3 | $ | 11,460.2 | $ | 6,003.8 | 1.1x | 8 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The data presented herein that provides “inception to date” performance results of our segments relates to the period following the formation of the first fund within each segment. For our Global Credit segment our first carry fund was formed in 2004.
(2)Represents the fund's investment period end date or, if different, the date at which the management fee calculation basis is scheduled to step down from commitments to remaining invested capital at cost (where applicable). This measure is only relevant and reported for funds currently in the investment period.
(3)Represents the original cost of investments net of investment level recallable proceeds which is adjusted to reflect recyclability of invested capital for the purpose of calculating the fund MOIC.
(4)Represents all realized proceeds since inception of the fund.
(5)Represents remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, and may include remaining escrow values for realized investments.
(6)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
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(7)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest.
(8)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund.
(9)Fully Invested funds are past the expiration date of the investment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. In instances where a successor fund has had its first capital call, the predecessor fund is categorized as fully invested.
(10)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: SASOF II and SASOF III.
(11)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: CSP I, CMP I, CMP II, and CASCOF.
(12)Aggregate includes the following funds, as well as related co-investments, separately managed accounts (SMAs), and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us: SASOF IV.
(13)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is considered not meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end.
(14)Fund has a net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end, driven by a significant portion of the fund's asset base.
(15)Fund has generated realized net performance fees/(realized giveback) in the last twelve months.
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Investment Solutions
The following table presents our results of operations for our Investment Solutions segment:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund management fees | $ | 54.8 | $ | 38.7 | $ | 140.2 | $ | 117.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Total fund level fee revenues | 54.8 | 38.7 | 140.2 | 117.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues | 16.3 | 19.1 | 132.4 | 46.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized principal investment income | 0.8 | (0.6) | 1.9 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 72.0 | 57.6 | 275.1 | 165.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based compensation and benefits | 30.3 | 24.5 | 80.3 | 70.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Realized performance revenues related compensation | 14.0 | 16.5 | 125.0 | 40.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation and benefits | 44.3 | 41.0 | 205.3 | 111.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 9.6 | 8.6 | 22.5 | 26.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 1.1 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 2.3 | 1.9 | 7.0 | 5.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 57.3 | 53.0 | 238.2 | 146.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 14.7 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 36.9 | $ | 18.5 | |||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Net Performance Revenues | 2.3 | 2.6 | 7.4 | 5.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (-) Realized Principal Investment Income | 0.8 | (0.6) | 1.9 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (+) Net Interest | 2.2 | 1.5 | 6.4 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 13.8 | $ | 4.1 | $ | 34.0 | $ | 16.8 | |||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings increased $10.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $18.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 18.5 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee related earnings | 9.7 | 17.2 | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in realized net performance revenues | (0.3) | 2.2 | |||||||||
| Increase in realized principal investment income | 1.4 | 0.9 | |||||||||
| Increase in net interest | (0.7) | (1.9) | |||||||||
| Total increase | 10.1 | 18.4 | |||||||||
| Distributable Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 14.7 | $ | 36.9 | |||||||
Investment Solutions had realized performance revenues of $132.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. However, most of these realizations are from AlpInvest fund vehicles in which we generally do not retain any carried interest, therefore our net realized performance revenues were $7.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings increased $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of the changes in Fee Related Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2019 | $ | 4.1 | $ | 16.8 | |||||||
| Increases (decreases): | |||||||||||
| Increase in fee revenues | 16.1 | 22.9 | |||||||||
| Increase in cash-based compensation and benefits | (5.8) | (10.1) | |||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | (1.0) | 3.6 | |||||||||
| All other changes | 0.4 | 0.8 | |||||||||
| Total increase | 9.7 | 17.2 | |||||||||
| Fee Related Earnings, September 30, 2020 | $ | 13.8 | $ | 34.0 | |||||||
Fee Revenues. Total fee revenues increased $16.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $22.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to increased management fees from our private equity fund vehicles driven by the activation of management fees on our latest secondaries fund and higher catch up management fees on our real estate fund-of-fund vehicles.
Cash-based compensation and benefits expense. Cash-based compensation and benefits expense increased $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased $10.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to an increase in projected year-end bonuses.
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General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the allocated portion of the cost recovery associated with the CCC matter of $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (see Note 7 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information), positive foreign currency adjustments and lower travel and entertainment expenses as a result of travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
| As of September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Investment Solutions | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||
| Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 16,877 | $ | 11,907 | |||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 2,245 | 1,801 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 2,927 | 733 | |||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair market value | 12,982 | 13,304 | |||||||||
| Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 35,031 | $ | 27,745 | |||||||
(1)For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.”
(2)Includes amounts committed to or reserved for certain AlpInvest and Metropolitan carry funds.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Solutions | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 31,767 | $ | 28,825 | $ | 28,384 | $ | 29,065 | |||||||||||||||
| Inflows (1) | 2,821 | 518 | 9,268 | 2,668 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (499) | (824) | (2,747) | (3,030) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | (3) | (3) | (871) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 945 | (771) | 997 | (958) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 35,031 | $ | 27,745 | $ | 35,031 | $ | 27,745 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Inflows represents limited partner capital raised by our carry funds or separately managed accounts for which management fees based on commitments were activated during the period and the fee-earning commitments invested in vehicles for which management fees are based on invested capital. Inflows exclude fundraising amounts during the period for which fees have not yet been activated, which are referenced as Pending Fee-earning AUM.
(2)Outflows represents the impact of realizations from vehicles with management fees based on remaining invested capital at cost or fair value, changes in basis for funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired during the period, and reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees. Distributions for funds earning management fees based on commitments during the period do not affect Fee-earning AUM.
(3)Market Activity & Other represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
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Fee-earning AUM was $35.0 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $3.2 billion compared to $31.8 billion at June 30, 2020. This was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $2.8 billion primarily due to new fee-paying commitments raised and the activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest vehicles. Also driving the increase was $0.9 billion of positive foreign exchange activity from the translation of our AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM from EUR to USD. Partially offsetting the increase were outflows, including distributions, of $0.5 billion in our AlpInvest carry funds. Distributions from funds still in the commitment or weighted-average investment period do not impact Fee-earning AUM as these funds are based on commitments and not invested capital. Increases in fair value have an impact on Fee-earning AUM for Investment Solutions as fully committed funds are based on the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying investments.
Fee-earning AUM was $35.0 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $6.6 billion, or approximately 23%, compared to $28.4 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $9.3 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest and MRE carry funds, namely AlpInvest Secondaries Fund VII. Also driving the increase was $1.0 billion of positive foreign exchange activity from the translation of our AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM from EUR to USD. This was partially offset by outflows, including distributions, of $2.7 billion and market depreciation of $0.9 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds.
Fee-earning AUM was $35.0 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $7.3 billion, or approximately 26%, compared to $27.7 billion at September 30, 2019. The increase was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $10.3 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest and MRE carry funds, namely AlpInvest Secondaries Fund VII. Also driving the increase was $1.5 billion of positive foreign exchange activity from the translation of our AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM from EUR to USD. This was partially offset by outflows, including distributions, of $3.8 billion and market depreciation of $0.8 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds.
Fee-earning AUM was $27.7 billion at September 30, 2019, an decrease of $1.1 billion compared to $28.8 billion at June 30, 2019. This was driven by outflows, including distributions, of $0.8 billion which were primarily attributable to our AlpInvest carry funds. Also driving the decrease were $0.8 billion of negative foreign exchange activity from the translation of our AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM from EUR to USD. Partially offsetting the decrease were inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $0.5 billion primarily due to activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest vehicles.
Fee-earning AUM was $27.7 billion at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.4 billion, or approximately 5%, compared to $29.1 billion at December 31, 2018. The decrease was driven by outflows, including distributions, of $3.0 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds and $1.0 billion of negative foreign exchange activity due to the translation of our AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM from EUR to USD. This was offset by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $2.7 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates and purchases in our AlpInvest and MRE carry funds.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Total AUM.
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Investment Solutions | |||||||||||
| Total AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||
| Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 46,874 | $ | 45,246 | |||||||
| Inflows (1) | 2,830 | 8,544 | |||||||||
| Outflows (including realizations) (2) | (1,634) | (4,848) | |||||||||
| Market Activity & Other (3) | 2,227 | 1,346 | |||||||||
| Foreign Exchange (4) | 1,436 | 1,445 | |||||||||
| Balance, End of Period | $ | 51,733 | $ | 51,733 | |||||||
(1)Inflows reflects the impact of gross fundraising during the period. For funds or vehicles denominated in foreign currencies, this reflects translation at the average quarterly rate, while the separately reported Fundraising metric is translated at the spot rate for each individual closing.
(2)Outflows includes distributions in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, as well as the expiration of available capital.
(3)Market Activity & Other generally represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds, related co-investment vehicles and separately managed accounts, the net impact of fees, expenses and non-
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investment income, as well as other changes in AUM. The fair market values for our Investment Solutions primary and secondary carry funds are based on the latest available valuations of the underlying limited partnership interests as provided by their general partners which typically has a lag of up to 90 days, plus the net cash flows since the latest valuation, up to September 30, 2020.
(4)Foreign Exchange represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end.
Total AUM was $51.7 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $4.8 billion, or approximately 10%, compared to $46.9 billion at June 30, 2020. The increase was driven by inflows of $2.8 billion billion primarily related to fundraising in our AlpInvest funds, $2.2 billion of market appreciation primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds, and $1.4 billion of positive foreign exchange activity from the translation of our EUR-denominated AlpInvest AUM to USD. This was partially offset by outflows of $1.6 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds.
Total AUM was $51.7 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $6.5 billion, or approximately 14%, compared to $45.2 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase was driven by inflows of $8.5 billion primarily related to fundraising in our AlpInvest funds, namely AlpInvest Secondaries Fund VII, $1.4 billion of positive foreign exchange activity from the translation of our EUR-denominated AlpInvest AUM to USD, and market appreciation of $1.3 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds. This was partially offset by outflows of $4.8 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our AlpInvest and Metropolitan funds that have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2020, which we refer to as our “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group Inc. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group Inc. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns. Primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on the proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
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The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Investment Solutions business.
| TOTAL INVESTMENTS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Solutions (1) | Vintage Year | Fund Size | Cumulative Invested Capital (2)(3) | Realized Value (3) | Remaining Fair Value | Total Fair Value (4) | MOIC (5) | Gross IRR (7) (9) | Net IRR (8) (9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AlpInvest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Committed Funds (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund I - Fund Investments | 2000 | € | 5,174.6 | € | 4,226.1 | € | 6,899.8 | € | 70.1 | € | 6,969.9 | 1.6x | 12 | % | 11 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund II - Fund Investments | 2003 | € | 4,545.0 | € | 4,796.1 | € | 7,417.6 | € | 268.4 | € | 7,686.0 | 1.6x | 10 | % | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Fund Investments | 2005 | € | 11,500.0 | € | 12,827.4 | € | 18,960.7 | € | 2,274.1 | € | 21,234.8 | 1.7x | 10 | % | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund IV - Fund Investments | 2009 | € | 4,877.3 | € | 5,386.6 | € | 6,852.6 | € | 3,228.8 | € | 10,081.4 | 1.9x | 17 | % | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund V - Fund Investments | 2012 | € | 5,080.0 | € | 5,233.8 | € | 3,394.4 | € | 5,024.8 | € | 8,419.2 | 1.6x | 16 | % | 15 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VI - Fund Investments | 2015 | € | 1,106.4 | € | 906.1 | € | 355.6 | € | 962.9 | € | 1,318.5 | 1.5x | 19 | % | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund II - Secondary Investments | 2003 | € | 998.4 | € | 1,000.0 | € | 1,811.8 | € | 15.5 | € | 1,827.4 | 1.8x | 27 | % | 26 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Secondary Investments | 2006 | € | 2,250.0 | € | 2,333.2 | € | 3,521.4 | € | 54.4 | € | 3,575.9 | 1.5x | 11 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund IV - Secondary Investments | 2010 | € | 1,859.1 | € | 1,933.3 | € | 3,131.2 | € | 153.5 | € | 3,284.6 | 1.7x | 19 | % | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund V - Secondary Investments | 2011 | € | 4,272.8 | € | 4,106.4 | € | 5,168.2 | € | 1,576.6 | € | 6,744.8 | 1.6x | 19 | % | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VI - Secondary Investments | 2017 | € | 5,180.6 | € | 3,767.1 | € | 632.4 | € | 3,746.9 | € | 4,379.3 | 1.2x | 10 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Co-Investments | 2006 | € | 2,760.0 | € | 2,744.3 | € | 3,527.9 | € | 446.9 | € | 3,974.8 | 1.4x | 6 | % | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund IV - Co-Investments | 2010 | € | 1,475.0 | € | 1,336.2 | € | 3,205.3 | € | 383.6 | € | 3,588.9 | 2.7x | 23 | % | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund V - Co-Investments | 2012 | € | 1,124.2 | € | 1,033.0 | € | 1,927.0 | € | 831.8 | € | 2,758.8 | 2.7x | 29 | % | 27 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VI - Co-Investments | 2014 | € | 1,114.6 | € | 928.4 | € | 1,300.1 | € | 884.7 | € | 2,184.8 | 2.4x | 27 | % | 25 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund II - Mezzanine Investments | 2004 | € | 700.0 | € | 747.6 | € | 1,023.2 | € | 8.9 | € | 1,032.0 | 1.4x | 7 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund III - Mezzanine Investments | 2006 | € | 2,000.0 | € | 1,958.1 | € | 2,486.7 | € | 173.2 | € | 2,659.9 | 1.4x | 10 | % | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| All Other Active Funds (10) | Various | € | 2,897.2 | € | 1,738.7 | € | 1,700.1 | € | 3,438.8 | 1.2x | 5 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds | Various | € | 2,100.9 | € | 4,761.1 | € | 4.2 | € | 4,765.3 | 2.3x | 35 | % | 32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fully Committed Funds | € | 60,261.8 | € | 78,115.7 | € | 21,809.3 | € | 99,925.1 | 1.7x | 13 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Funds in the Commitment Period (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VII - Secondary Investments | 2020 | € | 6,203.1 | € | 345.1 | € | 0.1 | € | 368.9 | € | 369.0 | 1.1x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||
| Main Fund VII - Co-Investments | 2017 | € | 2,491.3 | € | 1,770.6 | € | 51.5 | € | 2,065.5 | € | 2,117.0 | 1.2x | 12 | % | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| All Other Funds (10) | Various | € | 1,673.4 | € | 109.0 | € | 1,991.2 | € | 2,100.2 | 1.3x | 20 | % | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Funds in the Commitment Period | € | 3,789.0 | € | 160.6 | € | 4,425.6 | € | 4,586.2 | 1.2x | 15 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL ALPINVEST | € | 64,050.8 | € | 78,276.3 | € | 26,235.0 | € | 104,511.3 | 1.6x | 13 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL ALPINVEST (USD) (11) | $ | 75,080.1 | $ | 91,755.2 | $ | 30,752.5 | $ | 122,507.7 | 1.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metropolitan Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active Fully Committed Funds | Various | $ | 2,586.0 | $ | 2,744.5 | $ | 577.8 | $ | 3,322.3 | 1.3x | 7 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fully Realized Funds | Various | $ | 596.7 | $ | 721.4 | $ | 0.5 | $ | 721.9 | 1.2x | 4 | % | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fully Committed Funds (6) | $ | 3,182.7 | $ | 3,466.0 | $ | 578.3 | $ | 4,044.3 | 1.3x | 6 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| MRE Secondaries Fund II | 2017 | $ | 1,091.8 | $ | 302.4 | $ | 73.1 | $ | 254.4 | $ | 327.5 | 1.1x | 7 | % | Neg | |||||||||||||||||
| All Other Funds in the Commitment Period | Various | $ | 177.0 | $ | 30.8 | $ | 152.9 | $ | 183.7 | 1.0x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total Funds in the Commitment Period (6) | $ | 479.4 | $ | 103.9 | $ | 407.3 | $ | 511.2 | 1.1x | 5 | % | Neg | ||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL METROPOLITAN REAL ESTATE | $ | 3,662.1 | $ | 3,569.9 | $ | 985.6 | $ | 4,555.5 | 1.2x | 6 | % | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
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(1)Includes private equity and mezzanine primary fund investments, secondary fund investments and co-investments originated by the AlpInvest team, as well as real estate primary fund investments, secondary fund investments and co-investments originated by the Metropolitan Real Estate team. Excluded from the performance information shown are a) investments that were not originated by AlpInvest, and b) Direct Investments, which was spun off from AlpInvest in 2005, and c) LP co-investment vehicles advised by AlpInvest. As of September 30, 2020, these excluded investments represent $0.5 billion of AUM at AlpInvest.
(2)Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund.
(3)To exclude the impact of FX, all AlpInvest foreign currency cash flows have been converted to Euro at the reporting period spot rate.
(4)Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest. To exclude the impact of FX, all AlpInvest foreign currency cash flows have been converted to Euro at the reporting period spot rate.
(5)Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital.
(6)Fully Committed funds are past the expiration date of the commitment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement.
(7)Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on investment contributions, distributions and unrealized value of the underlying investments, before management fees, expenses and carried interest at the AlpInvest/Metropolitan Real Estate level.
(8)Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. Fund level IRRs are based on aggregate Limited Partner cash flows, and this blended return may differ from that of individual Limited Partners. As a result, certain funds may generate accrued performance revenues with a blended Net IRR that is below the preferred return hurdle for that fund.
(9)For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is considered not meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end.
(10)Aggregate includes Main Fund VII - Fund Investments, Main Fund VIII - Fund Investments, Main Fund IX - Fund Investments, Main Fund X - Fund Investments, Main Fund XI - Fund Investments, Main Fund IV - Mezzanine Investments, Main Fund V - Mezzanine Investments, AlpInvest CleanTech Funds and funds which are not included as part of a main fund.
(11)Represents the U.S. dollar equivalent balance translated at the spot rate as of period end.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historical Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically required limited capital resources to support the working capital and operating needs of our business. Our management fees have largely covered our operating costs and all realized performance allocations, after covering the related compensation, are available for distribution to equityholders. Approximately 95% – 97% of all capital commitments to our funds are provided by our fund investors, with the remaining amount typically funded by Carlyle, our senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals.
Our Sources of Liquidity
We have multiple sources of liquidity to meet our capital needs, including cash on hand, annual cash flows, accumulated earnings and funds from our senior credit facility, which has $775.0 million of available capacity as of September 30, 2020. We believe these sources will be sufficient to fund our capital needs for at least the next twelve months.
Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were approximately $938 million at September 30, 2020. However, a portion of this cash is allocated for specific business purposes, including, but not limited to, (i) performance allocations and incentive fee-related cash that has been received but not yet distributed as performance allocations and incentive fee-related compensation and amounts owed to non-controlling interests; (ii) proceeds received from realized investments that are allocable to non-controlling interests; and (iii) regulatory capital.
Corporate Treasury Investments. These investments represent investments in U.S. Treasury and government agency obligations, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, other investment grade securities and other investments with original maturities of greater than three months when purchased. There were no corporate treasury investments at September 30, 2020.
After deducting cash amounts allocated to the specific requirements mentioned above, the remaining cash and cash equivalents, is approximately $845 million as of September 30, 2020. This remaining amount will be used towards our primary liquidity needs, as outlined in the next section. This amount does not take into consideration ordinary course of business payables and reserves for specific business purposes.
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Senior Credit Facility. On February 11, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement of its senior credit facility. The capacity under the revolving credit facility is $775.0 million and is scheduled to mature February 11, 2024, of which $775.0 million is available at September 30, 2020. Principal amounts outstanding under the amended and restated revolving credit facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 0.50% per annum, or (b) at LIBOR plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.50% per annum (1.40% at September 30, 2020). As of September 30, 2020, there was no balance outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
The senior credit facility is unsecured. We are required to maintain management fee earning assets (as defined in the amended and restated senior credit facility) of at least $75.0 billion and a total leverage ratio of less than 3.0 to 1.0, in each case, tested on a quarterly basis. Non-compliance with any of the financial or non-financial covenants without cure or waiver would constitute an event of default under the senior credit facility. An event of default resulting from a breach of certain financial or non-financial covenants may result, at the option of the lenders, in an acceleration of the principal and interest outstanding, and a termination of the revolving credit facility. The senior credit facility also contains other customary events of default, including defaults based on events of bankruptcy and insolvency, nonpayment of principal, interest or fees when due, breach of specified covenants, change in control and material inaccuracy of representations and warranties.
Global Credit Revolving Credit Facility. In December 2018, certain subsidiaries of the Company established a $250.0 million revolving line of credit, primarily intended to support certain lending activities within the Global Credit segment. The credit facility includes a $125.0 million line of credit with a one-year term, and a $125.0 million line of credit with a three-year term. The revolving line of credit was extended by one year in December 2019. Principal amounts outstanding under the facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus applicable margin not to exceed 1.00%, or (b) at the Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 2.00%.
CLO Borrowings. For certain of our CLOs, the Company finances a portion of its investment in the CLOs through the proceeds received from term loans and other financing arrangements with financial institutions or other financing arrangements. The Company’s outstanding CLO borrowings were $350.0 million and $324.9 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The CLO borrowings are secured by the Company’s investments in the respective CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and generally do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity. As of September 30, 2020, $331.2 million of these borrowings are secured by investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. See Note 5 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on our CLO borrowings.
Senior Notes. Certain indirect finance subsidiaries of the Company have issued senior notes, on which interest is payable semi-annually, as discussed below. The senior notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the respective subsidiary and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the Company and each of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The indentures governing each of the senior notes contain customary covenants that, among other things, limit the issuers’ and the guarantors’ ability, subject to certain exceptions, to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The notes also contain customary events of default. All or a portion of the notes may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, prior to their stated maturity, at the make-whole redemption price set forth in the notes. If a change of control repurchase event occurs, the notes are subject to repurchase at the repurchase price as set forth in the notes.
3.500% Senior Notes. In September 2019, Carlyle Finance Subsidiary L.L.C. issued $425.0 million of 3.500% senior notes due September 19, 2029 at 99.841% of par.
5.650% Senior Notes. In September 2018, Carlyle Finance L.L.C. issued $350.0 million of 5.650% senior notes due September 15, 2048 at 99.914% of par.
3.875% Senior Notes. In January 2013, Carlyle Holdings Finance L.L.C. issued $500.0 million of 3.875% senior notes due February 1, 2023 at 99.966% of par. In September 2018, we completed a tender offer to purchase $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of these notes. As of September 30, 2020, $250.0 million of these notes remain outstanding.
5.625% Senior Notes. In March 2013, Carlyle Holdings II Finance L.L.C. issued $400.0 million of 5.625% senior notes due March 30, 2043 at 99.583% of par. In March 2014, an additional $200.0 million of these notes were issued at 104.315% of par and are treated as a single class with the already outstanding $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of these notes.
Obligations of CLOs. Loans payable of the Consolidated Funds represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs. We are not liable for any loans payable of the CLOs. Several of the CLOs issued preferred shares representing the most subordinated interest, however these tranches are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity dates of the senior secured loans payable, and as a result have been classified as liabilities under U.S. GAAP, and are included in loans payable of Consolidated Funds in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Loans payable of the CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the CLOs and the assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consists of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities.
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Realized Performance Allocation Revenues. Another source of liquidity we may use to meet our capital needs is the realized performance allocation revenues generated by our investment funds. Performance allocations are generally realized when an underlying investment is profitably disposed of and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return. For certain funds, performance allocations are realized once all invested capital and expenses have been returned to the fund’s investors and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return. Incentive fees earned on our CLO vehicles generally are paid upon the dissolution of such vehicles.
Our accrued performance allocations by segment as of September 30, 2020, gross and net of accrued giveback obligations, are set forth below:
| Asset Class | Accrued Performance Allocations | Accrued Giveback Obligation | Net Accrued Performance Revenues | ||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | 2,820.2 | $ | (0.6) | $ | 2,819.6 | |||||||||||
| Real Assets | 523.1 | (16.9) | 506.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Global Credit | 86.5 | — | 86.5 | ||||||||||||||
Investment Solutions (1) | 754.4 | — | 754.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 4,184.2 | $ | (17.5) | $ | 4,166.7 | |||||||||||
| Less: Accrued performance allocation-related compensation | (2,154.3) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Deferred taxes on accrued performance allocations | (49.5) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net accrued performance allocations attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (1.2) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net accrued performance revenues before timing differences | 1,961.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less/Plus: Timing differences between the period when accrued performance allocations are realized and the period they are collected/distributed | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net accrued performance revenues attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | $ | 1,963.4 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
The net accrued performance revenues attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc., excluding realized amounts, related to our carry funds and our other vehicles as of September 30, 2020, as well as the carry fund appreciation (depreciation), is set forth below by segment (Dollars in millions):
Carry Fund Appreciation/(Depreciation)(1) | Net Accrued Performance Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q3 2019 | Q4 2019 | Q1 2020 | Q2 2020 | Q3 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall Carry Fund Appreciation/(Depreciation) | 2 | % | 2 | % | (7) | % | 5 | % | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Private Equity | 1 | % | 3 | % | (8) | % | 13 | % | 5 | % | $ | 1,530.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Assets(2): | — | % | — | % | (12) | % | 3 | % | 2 | % | 280.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | 3 | % | 1 | % | (1) | % | 2 | % | 3 | % | 277.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural Resources | (3) | % | (1) | % | (22) | % | 3 | % | 1 | % | 6.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Credit Carry Funds (3) | (2) | % | (1) | % | (21) | % | 8 | % | 4 | % | 47.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Solutions Carry Funds (4) | 7 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | (6) | % | 8 | % | 105.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Accrued Performance Revenues | $ | 1,963.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents unrealized gain/(loss) for the period on a total return basis before fees and expenses. The percentage of return is calculated as: ending remaining investment fair market value plus net investment outflow (sales proceeds minus net purchases) minus beginning remaining investment fair market value divided by beginning remaining investment fair market value. Amounts are fund only, and do not include coinvestments.
(2) Includes $3.6 million of net accrued clawback from our Legacy Energy funds.
(3) Global Credit carry funds account for 13% of Global Credit remaining fair value as of September 30, 2020, and include our Energy Mezzanine funds, which experienced appreciation of 9% and 4% during the second and third quarters, respectively, following depreciation of 30% in the first quarter.
(4) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
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Realized Principal Investment Income. Another source of liquidity we may use to meet our capital needs is the realized principal investment income generated by our equity method investments and other principal investments. Principal investment income is realized when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive or are due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Certain of the investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. (excluding certain general partner interests, strategic investments, and investments in certain CLOs) may be sold at our discretion as a source of liquidity.
Investments as of September 30, 2020 consist of the following:
| Investments in Carlyle Funds | Investments in NGP(1) | Total | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments, excluding performance allocations | $ | 1,923.9 | $ | 376.1 | $ | 2,300.0 | |||||||||||
| Less: Amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (192.2) | — | (192.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Plus: Investments in Consolidated Funds, eliminated in consolidation | 145.6 | — | 145.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Strategic equity method investments in NGP Management | — | (376.1) | (376.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Total investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc., exclusive of NGP Management | $ | 1,877.3 | $ | — | $ | 1,877.3 | |||||||||||
(1) See Note 4 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Our investments as of September 30, 2020, can be further attributed as follows (Dollars in millions):
| Investments in Carlyle Funds, excluding CLOs: | |||||
| Corporate Private Equity funds | $ | 407.6 | |||
Real Assets funds(1) | 197.5 | ||||
Global Credit funds (2) | 645.6 | ||||
Investment Solutions funds (3) | 42.0 | ||||
| Total investments in Carlyle Funds, excluding CLOs | 1,292.7 | ||||
| Investments in CLOs | 477.6 | ||||
| Other investments | 107.0 | ||||
| Total investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. | 1,877.3 | ||||
CLO loans and other borrowings attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. (4) | (353.5) | ||||
| Total investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc., net of CLO loans and other borrowings | $ | 1,523.8 | |||
(1) Excludes our strategic equity method investment in NGP Management and investments in NGP general partners - accrued performance allocations.
(2) Includes the Company’s investment in Fortitude Re, which was contributed to Carlyle FRL, a Carlyle-affiliated investment fund, in June 2020 as discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.
(3) The Company’s primary and secondary investments in external funds are generally valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. As a result, amounts presented may not include the impact of economic activity in the current quarter.
(4) Of the $350.0 million in total CLO borrowings as of September 30, 2020 and as disclosed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, $331.2 million are collateralized by investments attributable to The Carlyle Group Inc. Also includes $22.3 million of borrowings under a credit facility to fund Carlyle Capital Solutions investments.
Our Liquidity Needs
We generally use our working capital and cash flows to invest in growth initiatives, service our debt, fund the working capital needs of our business and investment funds and pay dividends to our common stockholders.
In the future, we expect that our primary liquidity needs will be to:
•provide capital to facilitate the growth of our existing business lines;
•provide capital to facilitate our expansion into new, complementary business lines, including acquisitions;
•pay operating expenses, including compensation and compliance costs and other obligations as they arise;
•fund costs of litigation and contingencies, including related legal costs;
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•fund the capital investments of Carlyle in our funds;
•fund capital expenditures;
•repay borrowings and related interest costs and expenses;
•pay earnouts and contingent cash consideration associated with our acquisitions and strategic investments;
•pay income taxes, including corporate income taxes following the Conversion;
•pay dividends to our common stockholders in accordance with our dividend policy, and;
•make installment payments under the deferred obligation to former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units,
which were exchanged in the Conversion, and;
•repurchase our common stock.
Preferred Unit Distributions and Redemption. With respect to distribution year 2019, the Board of Directors declared a distribution to preferred unitholders totaling approximately $19.1 million. In October 2019, we completed the redemption of our preferred units for $25.339757 per unit, which is equal to $25.25 per Preferred Unit plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date.
Common Stockholder Dividends. Our intention is to pay dividends to holders of our common stock in an amount of $0.25 per share of common stock ($1.00 per share annually), subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and compliance with applicable law. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, any dividends we pay following the Conversion generally will be treated as qualified dividend income (generally taxable to U.S. individual stockholders at capital gain rates) paid by a domestic corporation to the extent paid out of or current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, with any excess dividends treated as return of capital to the extent of the stockholder’s basis. The declaration and payment of dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors, and our dividend policy may be changed at any time.
With respect to distribution year 2020, the Board of Directors has declared a dividend to common stockholders totaling approximately $263.9 million, or $0.75 per share, consisting of the following:
| Common Stock Dividends - Dividend Year 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarter | Dividend per Common Share | Dividend to Common Stockholders | Record Date | Payment Date | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2020 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 87.2 | May 12, 2020 | May 19, 2020 | |||||||||||
| Q2 2020 | 0.25 | 88.3 | August 11, 2020 | August 18, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Q3 2020 | 0.25 | 88.4 | November 10, 2020 | November 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 0.75 | $ | 263.9 | |||||||||||||
With respect to distribution year 2019, the Board of Directors declared cumulative dividends to common stockholders totaling approximately $194.8 million, consisting of the following:
| Common Stock Dividends - Dividend Year 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Quarter | Dividend per Common Share | Dividend to Common Stockholders(1) | Record Date | Payment Date | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2019 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 21.0 | May 13, 2019 | May 20, 2019 | |||||||||||
| Q2 2019 | 0.43 | 49.9 | August 12, 2019 | August 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Q3 2019 | 0.31 | 36.5 | November 12, 2019 | November 19, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Q4 2019 | 0.25 | 87.4 | February 18, 2020 | February 25, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1.18 | $ | 194.8 | |||||||||||||
(1) The dividend to common stockholders for Q4 2019 reflects the exchange of all Carlyle Holdings partnership units to shares of common stock in The Carlyle Group Inc. in connection with the Conversion on January 1, 2020.
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Dividends to common stockholders paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $262.9 million, including the amount paid in February 2020 of $0.25 per common share in respect of the fourth quarter of 2019. Distributions to common stockholders paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $118.4 million, including the amount paid in February 2019 of $0.43 per common share in respect of the fourth quarter of 2018.
Fund Commitments. Generally, we intend to have Carlyle commit to fund approximately 0.75% to 1% of the capital commitments to our future carry funds, although we may elect to invest additional amounts in funds focused on new investment areas. We may, from time to time, exercise our right to purchase additional interests in our investment funds that become available in the ordinary course of their operations. We expect our senior Carlyle professionals and employees to continue to make significant capital contributions to our funds based on their existing commitments, and to make capital commitments to future funds consistent with the level of their historical commitments. We also intend to make investments in our open-end funds and our CLO vehicles. Our investments in our European CLO vehicles will comply with the risk retention rules as discussed in “Risk Retention Rules” later in this section.
Since our inception through September 30, 2020, we and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals have invested or committed to invest in or alongside our funds. Approximately 3% to 5% of all capital commitments to our funds are funded collectively by us and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals. The current unfunded commitment of Carlyle and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals to our investment funds as of September 30, 2020, consisted of the following (Dollars in millions):
| Asset Class | Unfunded Commitment | ||||
| Corporate Private Equity | $ | 2,122.5 | |||
| Real Assets | 872.2 | ||||
| Global Credit | 319.5 | ||||
| Investment Solutions | 232.1 | ||||
| Total | $ | 3,546.3 | |||
A substantial majority of the remaining commitments are expected to be funded by senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals through our internal co-investment program. Of the $3.5 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $3.0 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Company.
Repurchase Program. In December 2018, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common stock and/or Carlyle Holdings units. In connection with the Conversion, in January 2020 our Board of Directors re-authorized the repurchase program. This program authorizes the repurchase of shares of common stock from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we paid an aggregate of $26.4 million to repurchase and retire approximately 1.1 million shares of common stock with all of the repurchases done via open market and brokered transactions. As of September 30, 2020, $139.1 million of repurchase capacity remains under the program.
Cash Flows
The significant captions and amounts from our consolidated statements of cash flows which include the effects of our Consolidated Funds and CLOs in accordance with U.S. GAAP are summarized below.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
| Statements of Cash Flows Data | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, including investments in Carlyle funds | $ | (110.6) | $ | 924.0 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (37.3) | (17.5) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 252.1 | (28.0) | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | 6.6 | (11.0) | |||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 110.8 | $ | 867.5 | |||||||
Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Operating Activities. Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities includes the investment activity of our Consolidated Funds. Excluding this activity, net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by our earnings in the respective periods after adjusting for significant non-cash activity, including non-cash performance allocations and incentive fees, the related non-cash performance allocations and incentive fee related
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compensation, non-cash equity-based compensation, and depreciation, amortization and impairments, all of which are included in earnings.
Cash flows from operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, excluding the activities of our Consolidated Funds, were $491.3 million and $767.9 million, respectively. Operating cash inflows primarily include the receipt of management fees, realized performance allocations and incentive fees, while operating cash outflows primarily include payments for operating expenses, including compensation and general, administrative, and other expenses. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, net cash provided by operating activities primarily included the receipt of management fees and realized performance allocations and incentive fees, totaling approximately $1.5 billion. These inflows were offset by payments for compensation and general, administrative and other expenses of approximately $0.9 billion and $1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Cash used to purchase investments as well as the proceeds from the sale of such investments are also reflected in our operating activities as investments are a normal part of our operating activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, investment proceeds were $233.6 million while investment purchases were $293.7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, investment proceeds were $305.2 million as compared to purchases of $216.5 million.
The net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 also reflects the investment activity of our Consolidated Funds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, purchases of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $2,049.1 million, while proceeds from the sales and settlements of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $1,571.4 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, purchases of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $1,399.0 million, while proceeds from the sales and settlements of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $1,742.5 million.
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities. Our investing activities generally reflect cash used for acquisitions, fixed assets and software for internal use. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash used in investing activities principally reflects purchases of fixed assets. Purchases of fixed assets were $37.3 million and $17.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, excluding the activities of our Consolidated Funds, was $(341.5) million and $133.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $287.1 million from borrowings under the revolving credit facilities, and repaid $300.6 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company received net proceeds of received net proceeds of $421.6 million from the issuance of $425.0 million of 3.500% senior notes, $40.9 million from the issuance of various CLO borrowings, and repaid a $25.0 million term loan under its senior credit facility. See Note 5 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on these borrowings. The Company also paid $68.8 million in January 2020 representing the first annual installment of the deferred consideration payable to former Carlyle Holdings unitholders in connection with the Conversion.
Distributions to our common stockholders were $262.9 million and $118.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Distributions to the non-controlling interest holders in Carlyle Holdings and to our preferred unitholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $242.3 million and $17.7 million, respectively.
The net borrowings (payments) on loans payable by our Consolidated Funds during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $594.6 million and $(161.7) million, respectively. Contributions from non-controlling interest holders were $24.2 million and $24.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which relate primarily to contributions from the non-controlling interest holders in Consolidated Funds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, distributions to non-controlling interest holders were $53.5 million and $42.9 million, respectively, which relate primarily to distributions to the non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries.
Our Balance Sheet
Total assets were $14.2 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.4 billion from December 31, 2019. The increase in total assets was primarily attributable to an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $145.0 million and a $407.5 million increase in investments of Consolidated Funds, offset by a $320.2 million decrease in investments, including performance allocations. The increase in cash was primarily due to the receipt of management fees and realized performance revenues, partially offset by the payment of a deferred purchase price adjustment for our investment in Fortitude Re, a $50.0 million investment in the preferred stock of TCG BDC, Inc., payment to the first installment of deferred consideration to the former Carlyle Holdings unitholders, and payments for bonuses and payroll, dividends and income taxes. Investments of Consolidated Funds increased due to the consolidation of two CLOs, partially offset by fair value depreciation in our CLOs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, The decrease in investments, including performance allocations, was largely driven by the transfer of our investment in Fortitude Re to Carlyle FRL, as described in Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Cash and cash equivalents were approximately $938.4 million and $793.4 million at September 30, 2020 and
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December 31, 2019, respectively. Our cash balance tends to be higher at March 31 and September 30 relative to other parts of the year given that many of our large funds pay management fees in July and January.
Total liabilities were $11.8 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $932.8 million from December 31, 2019. The increase in liabilities was primarily attributable to an increase in accrued compensation and benefits of $187.7 million due to the corresponding increase in accrued performance allocations as well as an increase in loans payable of Consolidated Funds of $557.0 million and an increase in other liabilities of Consolidated Funds of $159.1 million from December 31, 2019 to September 30, 2020.
The assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the assets of the Consolidated Funds are not available to meet our liquidity requirements and similarly the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are non-recourse to us. For example, as previously discussed, the CLO term loans generally are secured by the Company’s investment in the CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity.
Our balance sheet without the effect of the Consolidated Funds can be seen in Note 16 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. At September 30, 2020, our total assets without the effect of the Consolidated Funds were $8.5 billion, including cash and cash equivalents of $0.9 billion and net accrued performance revenues of $2.0 billion.
Unconsolidated Entities
Certain of our funds have entered into lines of credit secured by their investors’ unpaid capital commitments or by a pledge of the equity of the underlying investment. These lines of credit are used primarily to reduce the overall number of capital calls to investors or for working capital needs. In certain instances, however, they may be used for other investment related activities, including serving as bridge financing for investments. The degree of leverage employed varies among our funds.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including sponsoring and owning limited or general partner interests in consolidated and non-consolidated funds, entering into derivative transactions, entering into operating leases and entering into guarantee arrangements. We also have ongoing capital commitment arrangements with certain of our consolidated and non-consolidated funds. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that would require us to fund losses or guarantee target returns to investors in any of our other investment funds.
For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 2 and Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth information relating to our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2020 on a consolidated basis and on a basis excluding the obligations of the Consolidated Funds:
| Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 | 2021-2022 | 2023-2024 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations (including senior notes) (1) | $ | 22.3 | $ | 20.4 | $ | 250.0 | $ | 1,704.6 | $ | 1,997.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payable (2) | 21.9 | 173.0 | 147.5 | 1,157.8 | 1,500.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other consideration (3) | 1.3 | 221.8 | 179.6 | — | 402.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations (4) | 15.3 | 105.0 | 104.2 | 442.0 | 666.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital commitments to Carlyle funds (5) | 3,565.8 | — | 114.9 | — | 3,680.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax receivable agreement payments (6) | — | 12.2 | 17.9 | 77.3 | 107.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds (7) | 23.4 | 185.5 | 185.8 | 5,894.1 | 6,288.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded commitments of the CLOs (8) | 0.7 | — | — | — | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated contractual obligations | 3,650.7 | 717.9 | 999.9 | 9,275.8 | 14,644.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans payable of Consolidated Funds (7) | (23.4) | (185.5) | (185.8) | (5,894.1) | (6,288.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital commitments to Carlyle funds (5) | (3,024.0) | — | — | — | (3,024.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unfunded commitments of the CLOs (8) | (0.7) | — | — | — | (0.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Operating Entities contractual obligations | $ | 602.6 | $ | 532.4 | $ | 814.1 | $ | 3,381.7 | $ | 5,330.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)The table above assumes that no prepayments are made on the senior notes and that any outstanding balance on the senior credit facility is repaid on the maturity date of the senior credit facility, which is February 11, 2024. The CLO term loans are included in the table above based on the earlier of the stated maturity date or the date the CLO is expected to be dissolved. See Note 5 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the various maturity dates of the CLO term loans and senior notes.
(2)The interest rates on the debt obligations as of September 30, 2020 consist of: 3.500% on $425.0 million of senior notes, 5.650% on $350.0 million of senior notes, 3.875% on $250.0 million of senior notes, 5.625% on $600.0 million of senior notes, 1.40% on $250.0 million under the revolving credit facility, and a range of approximately 1.59% to 2.63% for our CLO term loans. Interest payments assume that no prepayments are made and loans are held until maturity with the exception of the CLO term loans, which are based on the earlier of the stated maturity date or the date the CLO is expected to be dissolved.
(3)These obligations represent our estimate of amounts to be paid on the contingent cash obligations associated with our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners and other obligations, as well as the deferred payment obligations described below. In connection with the Conversion, former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units will receive cash payments aggregating to approximately $344 million, which is equivalent to $1.50 per Carlyle Holdings partnership unit exchanged in the Conversion, payable in five annual installments of $0.30, the first of which occurred during the first quarter of 2020. The payment obligations are unsecured obligations of the Company or a subsidiary thereof, subordinated in right of payment to indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, and do not bear interest.
(4)We lease office space in various countries around the world and maintain our headquarters in Washington, D.C., where in June 2018, we entered into an amended non-cancelable lease agreement expiring on March 31, 2030. In July 2018, we entered into a new non-cancelable lease agreement expiring in 2036 for new office space in New York City. Our office leases in other locations expire in various years through 2032. The amounts in this table represent the minimum lease payments required over the term of the lease.
(5)These obligations generally represent commitments by us to fund a portion of the purchase price paid for each investment made by our funds. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category. A substantial majority of these investments is expected to be funded by senior Carlyle professionals and other professionals through our internal co-investment program. Of the $3.5 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $3.0 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Company. The amounts also include performance-based contingent cash and deferred payment obligations associated with our strategic investment in Fortitude Re, which would be payable to Carlyle FRL for further payment to AIG (see Note 4).
(6)In connection with our initial public offering, we entered into a tax receivable agreement with the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships whereby we agreed to pay such limited partners 85% of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax realized as a result of increases in tax basis resulting from exchanges of Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units of The Carlyle Group L.P. From and after the consummation of the Conversion, former holders of Carlyle Holdings partnership units do not have any rights to payments under the tax receivable agreement except for payment obligations pre-existing at the time of the Conversion with respect to exchanges that occurred prior to the Conversion. These obligations are more than offset by the future cash tax savings that we are expected to realize.
(7)These obligations represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the consolidated CLO vehicles. These obligations include interest to be paid on debt securities issued by the consolidated CLO vehicles. Interest payments assume that no prepayments are made and loans are held until maturity. For debt securities with rights only to the residual value of the CLO and no stated interest, no interest payments were included in this calculation. Interest payments on variable-rate debt securities are based on interest rates in effect as of September 30, 2020, at spreads to market rates pursuant to the debt agreements, and range from 0.40% to 8.03%.
(8)These obligations represent commitments of the CLOs to fund certain investments. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category.
Excluded from the table above are liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $21.9 million at September 30, 2020 as we are unable to estimate when such amounts may be paid.
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Contingent Cash Payments For Business Acquisitions and Strategic Investments
We have certain contingent cash obligations associated with our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners and our strategic investment in Fortitude Re. For our acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners, the contingent cash payments relate to an earn-out of up to $150.0 million that is payable upon the achievement of certain revenue and earnings performance targets during 2020 through 2025, which will be accounted for as compensation expense. We accrue the compensation liability over the service period. If earned, payments would be made in the year following the performance year to which the payments relate.
For our strategic investment in Fortitude Re, the contingent cash payments relate to performance-based contingent cash consideration payable to Carlyle FRL for further payment to AIG following December 31, 2023.
Based on the terms of the underlying contracts, the maximum amount that could be paid from contingent cash obligations associated with the acquisition of Carlyle Aviation Partners and the strategic investment in Fortitude Re as of September 30, 2020 is $245.0 million versus the amounts recognized on the balance sheet of $140.8 million.
Risk Retention Rules
We will continue to comply with the risk retention rules governing CLOs issued in Europe for which we are a sponsor, which require a combination of capital from our balance sheet, commitments from senior Carlyle professionals, and/or third party financing.
Guarantees
In December 2019, we entered into an agreement with a financial institution pursuant to which we provided a guarantee on a revolving credit facility with a temporary borrowing capacity of $130.0 million for a fund in the Real Assets segment, which is scheduled to expire in December 2020. The outstanding balance, which was $83.5 million as of September 30, 2020, is secured by uncalled capital commitments of the fund’s limited partners. We have not funded any amounts under the guarantee to date, and the fair value of the guarantee is not significant to the consolidated financial statements. The investment fund issued a capital call to its limited partners, which is due October 30, 2020, the proceeds from which will be used to repay outstanding amounts.
See Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to all of our material guarantees.
Indemnifications
In many of our service contracts, we agree to indemnify the third-party service provider under certain circumstances. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract, and the amount of indemnification liability, if any, cannot be determined and has not been included in the table above or recorded in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2020.
Other Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to litigation, investigations, inquiries, employment-related matters, disputes and other potential claims. We discuss certain of these matters in Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Carlyle Common Stock and Carlyle Holdings Partnership Units
A rollforward of our common stock outstanding and Carlyle Holdings partnership units from December 31, 2019 through September 30, 2020 is as follows:
| Shares as of December 31, 2019 | Shares Issued | Shares Forfeited | Shares Exchanged | Shares Repurchased / Retired | Shares as of September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. common shares | 117,840,651 | 7,201,331 | — | 229,318,248 | (1,090,437) | 353,269,793 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Holdings partnership units | 229,318,248 | — | — | (229,318,248) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 347,158,899 | 7,201,331 | — | — | (1,090,437) | 353,269,793 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares of The Carlyle Group Inc. common stock issued during the period from December 31, 2019 through September 30, 2020 relate to the vesting of the Company’s restricted stock units during the nine months ended September 30,
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2020. The Carlyle Holdings partnership units exchanged relate to the exchange of Carlyle Holdings partnership units for an equivalent number of shares of common stock of the Company on January 1, 2020 pursuant to the Conversion.
The total shares as of September 30, 2020 as shown above exclude approximately 0.3 million common shares in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units subsequent to September 30, 2020 that will participate in the common shareholder dividend that will be paid November 17, 2020.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment advisor to our investment funds and the sensitivities to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, incentive fees and investment income, including performance allocations. Although our investment funds share many common themes, each of our asset management asset classes runs its own investment and risk management processes, subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy. The investment process of our investment funds involves a comprehensive due diligence approach, including review of reputation of shareholders and management, company size and sensitivity of cash flow generation, business sector and competitive risks, portfolio fit, exit risks and other key factors highlighted by the deal team. Key investment decisions are subject to approval by both the fund-level managing directors, as well as the investment committee, which is generally comprised of one or more of the three founding partners, one “sector” head, one or more operating executives and senior investment professionals associated with that particular fund. Once an investment in a portfolio company has been made, our fund teams closely monitor the performance of the portfolio company, generally through frequent contact with management and the receipt of financial and management reports.
There was no material change in our market risks during the three months ended September 30, 2020. For additional information, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required with respect to this item can be found under “Legal Matters” in Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this quarterly report, and such information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
In December 2018, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common stock and/or Carlyle Holdings units. As part of the Conversion, in January 2020 our Board of Directors re-authorized the December 2018 repurchase program with regard to our common stock. The timing and actual number of shares of common stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
137
Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report:
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||
| 3.1 | |||||
| 3.2 | |||||
| 3.3 | |||||
| 31.1 * | |||||
| 31.2 * | |||||
| 32.1 * | |||||
| 32.2 * | |||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | ||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | ||||
| 104 | The cover page from The Carlyle Group Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments). | ||||
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
138
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||||||||||||||
| Date: October 29, 2020 | By: | /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||||||||||||
| Name: | Curtis L. Buser | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer) | ||||||||||||||
139
Exhibit 31.1
I, Kewsong Lee, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 of The Carlyle Group Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: October 29, 2020 | ||
| /s/ Kewsong Lee | ||
| Kewsong Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Exhibit 31.2
I, Curtis L. Buser, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 of The Carlyle Group Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: October 29, 2020 | ||
| /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
(Principal Financial Officer) | ||
Exhibit 32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kewsong Lee, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Kewsong Lee | ||
| Kewsong Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
Date: October 29, 2020
| * | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. | ||||
Exhibit 32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Curtis L. Buser, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Curtis L. Buser | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| The Carlyle Group Inc. | ||
Date: October 29, 2020
| * | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. | ||||