UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number: 001-35538
The Carlyle Group L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 45-2832612 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C., 20004-2505
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(202) 729-5626
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ý | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | |||
Emerging growth company | ¨ | |||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
The number of the registrant’s common units representing limited partner interests outstanding as of October 27, 2017 was 97,805,907.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
Item 1. | ||
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – September 30, 2017 and 2016: | ||
Item 2. | ||
Item 3. | ||
Item 4. | ||
Item 1. | ||
Item 1A. | ||
Item 2. | ||
Item 3. | ||
Item 4. | ||
Item 5. | ||
Item 6. | ||
1
Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, contingencies, our distribution policy, and other non-historical statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements including, but not limited to, those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 16, 2017, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Website and Social Media Disclosure
We use our website (www.carlyle.com), our corporate Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/onecarlyle/) and our corporate Twitter account (@OneCarlyle) as channels of distribution of material company information. For example, financial and other material information regarding our company is routinely posted on and accessible at www.carlyle.com. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Carlyle when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alert Subscription” section at http://ir.carlyle.com/alerts.cfm?. The contents of our website and social media channels are not, however, a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are not incorporated by reference herein.
Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this report to “Carlyle,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to The Carlyle Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries. When we refer to the “partners of The Carlyle Group L.P.,” we are referring specifically to the common unitholders and our general partner and any others who may from time to time be partners of that specific Delaware limited partnership. When we refer to our “senior Carlyle professionals,” we are referring to the partner-level personnel of our firm. References in this report to the ownership of the senior Carlyle professionals include the ownership of personal planning vehicles of these individuals. When we refer to the “Carlyle Holdings partnerships” or “Carlyle Holdings”, we are referring to Carlyle Holdings I L.P., Carlyle Holdings II L.P., and Carlyle Holdings III L.P.
“Carlyle funds,” “our funds” and “our investment funds” refer to the investment funds and vehicles advised by Carlyle.
“Carry funds” generally refers to closed-end investment vehicles, in which commitments are drawn down over a specified investment period, and in which the general partner receives a special residual allocation of income from limited partners, which we refer to as carried interest, in the event that specified investment returns are achieved by the fund. Disclosures referring to carry funds will also include the impact of certain commitments which do not earn carried interest, but are either part of, or associated with our carry funds. The rate of carried interest, as well as the share of carried interest allocated to Carlyle, may vary across the carry fund platform. Carry funds generally include the following investment vehicles across our four business segments:
• | Corporate Private Equity: Buyout & growth funds advised by Carlyle |
• | Real Assets: Real estate, power, infrastructure and energy funds advised by Carlyle, as well as those energy funds advised by NGP Energy Capital Management in which Carlyle is entitled to receive a share of carried interest |
• | Global Market Strategies: Distressed credit, corporate mezzanine and energy credit funds, as well as certain closed-end credit funds advised by Carlyle |
• | Investment Solutions: Funds and vehicles advised by AlpInvest Partners B.V. (“AlpInvest”) and Metropolitan Real Estate Equity Management, LLC (“Metropolitan), which include primary fund, secondary and co-investment strategies |
Carry funds specifically exclude those funds advised by NGP Energy Capital Management in which Carlyle is not entitled to receive a share of carried interest (or “NGP management fee funds”), collateralized loan obligation vehicles (CLOs), business development companies, and our former hedge fund platform.
2
For an explanation of the fund acronyms used throughout this Quarterly Report, refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Our Family of Funds.”
“Fee-earning assets under management” or “Fee-earning AUM” refers to the assets we manage or advise from which we derive recurring fund management fees. Our Fee-earning AUM is generally based on one of the following, once fees have been activated:
(a) | the amount of limited partner capital commitments, generally for carry funds where the original investment period has not expired, for AlpInvest carry funds during the commitment fee period and for Metropolitan carry funds during the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds; |
(b) | the remaining amount of limited partner invested capital at cost, generally for carry funds and certain co-investment vehicles where the original investment period has expired and Metropolitan carry funds after the expiration of the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds; |
(c) | the amount of aggregate fee-earning collateral balance at par of our collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), as defined in the fund indentures (typically exclusive of equities and defaulted positions) as of the quarterly cut-off date for each CLO; |
(d) | the external investor portion of the net asset value of our hedge fund and fund of hedge funds vehicles (pre redemptions and subscriptions), as well as certain carry funds; |
(e) | the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), excluding cash and cash equivalents of our business development companies and certain carry funds; or |
(f) | the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital, generally for AlpInvest carry funds where the commitment fee period has expired and certain carry funds where the investment period has expired. |
“Assets under management” or “AUM” refers to the assets we manage or advise. Our AUM equals the sum of the following:
(a) the fair value of the capital invested in carry funds and related co-investment vehicles and NGP management fee funds plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles (including Carlyle commitments to those funds and vehicles and those of senior Carlyle professionals and employees) pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those funds and vehicles;
(b) | the amount of aggregate collateral balance and principal cash at par or aggregate principal amount of the notes of our CLOs and other structured products (inclusive of all positions); |
(c) | the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our long/short credit, emerging markets, multi-product macroeconomic, fund of hedge funds vehicles, mutual fund and other hedge funds; and |
(d) | the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage) of our business development companies. |
We include in our calculation of AUM and Fee-earning AUM certain energy and renewable resources funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone Holdings L.L.C. (“Riverstone”) and certain NGP management fee funds and carry funds that are advised by NGP.
For most of our carry funds, total AUM includes the fair value of the capital invested, whereas Fee-earning AUM includes the amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital, depending on whether the original investment period for the fund has expired. As such, Fee-earning AUM may be greater than total AUM when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
Our calculations of AUM and Fee-earning AUM may differ from the calculations of other alternative asset managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other alternative asset managers. In addition, our calculation of AUM (but not Fee-earning AUM) includes uncalled commitments to, and the fair value of invested capital in, our investment funds from Carlyle and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to management or performance fees. Our calculations of AUM or Fee-earning AUM are not based on any definition of AUM or Fee-earning AUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage or advise.
3
“Vermillion” refers to our commodities advisor and business advised by Carlyle Commodity Management L.L.C., which was formerly known as Vermillion Asset Management until August 2015.
Changes to Disclosure and Presentation of Key Performance Metrics
Investment funds and vehicles advised by AlpInvest Partners B.V. and Metropolitan Real Estate Equity Management, LLC, which comprise our Investment Solutions segment, are now included in our "carry funds" definition. Accordingly, they are now included in our Invested Capital, Realized Proceeds and Fund Appreciation metrics. We have recast metrics for 2016, including supplemental key metrics information available on our website at ir.carlyle.com under “Key Metrics”. In addition, we have also adjusted the methodology for recognition of Invested Capital to an investment timing basis, rather than the timing of cash flows to and from our fund investors, to better reflect capital deployed by our funds during a given period.
4
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in millions)
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Unaudited) | |||||||
Assets | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,355.7 | $ | 670.9 | |||
Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | 195.4 | 761.5 | |||||
Restricted cash | 9.6 | 13.1 | |||||
Corporate treasury investments | 117.4 | 190.2 | |||||
Accrued performance fees | 3,498.6 | 2,481.1 | |||||
Investments | 1,480.9 | 1,107.0 | |||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | 4,235.8 | 3,893.7 | |||||
Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | 268.8 | 227.2 | |||||
Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | 64.3 | 29.5 | |||||
Receivables and inventory of a real estate VIE | — | 145.4 | |||||
Fixed assets, net | 100.1 | 106.1 | |||||
Deposits and other | 58.5 | 39.4 | |||||
Other assets of a real estate VIE | — | 31.5 | |||||
Intangible assets, net | 38.0 | 42.0 | |||||
Deferred tax assets | 263.5 | 234.4 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 11,686.6 | $ | 9,973.0 | |||
Liabilities and partners’ capital | |||||||
Debt obligations | $ | 1,515.6 | $ | 1,265.2 | |||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | 3,794.8 | 3,866.3 | |||||
Loans payable of a real estate VIE at fair value (principal amount of $144.4 million as of December 31, 2016) | — | 79.4 | |||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 308.9 | 369.8 | |||||
Accrued compensation and benefits | 2,175.1 | 1,661.8 | |||||
Due to affiliates | 264.3 | 223.6 | |||||
Deferred revenue | 236.0 | 54.0 | |||||
Deferred tax liabilities | 77.1 | 76.6 | |||||
Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | 475.4 | 637.0 | |||||
Other liabilities of a real estate VIE | — | 124.5 | |||||
Accrued giveback obligations | 67.6 | 160.8 | |||||
Total liabilities | 8,914.8 | 8,519.0 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies | |||||||
Series A preferred units (16,000,000 units issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017) | 387.6 | — | |||||
Partners’ capital (common units 97,805,907 and 84,610,951 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively) | 660.4 | 403.1 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (69.4 | ) | (95.2 | ) | |||
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 374.7 | 277.8 | |||||
Non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 1,418.5 | 868.3 | |||||
Total partners’ capital | 2,771.8 | 1,454.0 | |||||
Total liabilities and partners’ capital | $ | 11,686.6 | $ | 9,973.0 | |||
See accompanying notes.
5
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except unit and per unit data)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 262.5 | $ | 255.1 | $ | 747.6 | $ | 817.1 | |||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 411.8 | 383.4 | 852.7 | 905.1 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (126.2 | ) | (168.7 | ) | 658.1 | (334.3 | ) | ||||||||
Total performance fees | 285.6 | 214.7 | 1,510.8 | 570.8 | |||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 15.5 | 40.7 | 42.0 | 92.2 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 21.7 | 29.8 | 100.5 | 34.0 | |||||||||||
Total investment income | 37.2 | 70.5 | 142.5 | 126.2 | |||||||||||
Interest and other income | 9.9 | 5.3 | 25.9 | 15.0 | |||||||||||
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 44.7 | 43.0 | 132.6 | 107.8 | |||||||||||
Revenue of a real estate VIE | — | 18.7 | 109.0 | 61.5 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 639.9 | 607.3 | 2,668.4 | 1,698.4 | |||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Base compensation | 174.1 | 154.3 | 471.1 | 470.5 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 81.0 | 81.4 | 241.8 | 265.8 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 189.4 | 189.0 | 401.9 | 423.0 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (51.8 | ) | (78.1 | ) | 309.9 | (146.1 | ) | ||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 392.7 | 346.6 | 1,424.7 | 1,013.2 | |||||||||||
General, administrative and other expenses | (18.7 | ) | 188.9 | 170.9 | 362.6 | ||||||||||
Interest | 16.9 | 15.6 | 48.4 | 46.3 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 37.2 | 32.3 | 160.9 | 87.3 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation | 64.5 | 82.1 | 202.5 | 157.9 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating (income) expenses | — | (3.7 | ) | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
Total expenses | 492.6 | 661.8 | 2,007.5 | 1,668.1 | |||||||||||
Other income | |||||||||||||||
Net investment gains of Consolidated Funds | 18.6 | 4.8 | 76.4 | 3.1 | |||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | 165.9 | (49.7 | ) | 737.3 | 33.4 | ||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (1.3 | ) | 1.0 | 17.7 | 32.7 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | 167.2 | (50.7 | ) | 719.6 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 27.6 | (29.1 | ) | 47.4 | (29.8 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 139.6 | (21.6 | ) | 672.2 | 30.5 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 95.0 | (22.4 | ) | 487.0 | 15.2 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 44.6 | $ | 0.8 | $ | 185.2 | $ | 15.3 | |||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. per common unit (see Note 13) | |||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.47 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 2.06 | $ | 0.19 | |||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.43 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.90 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
Weighted-average common units | |||||||||||||||
Basic | 95,198,102 | 83,602,503 | 89,815,112 | 82,062,633 | |||||||||||
Diluted | 334,392,424 | 312,534,968 | 97,538,190 | 306,981,103 | |||||||||||
Distributions declared per common unit | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.68 | $ | 1.18 | |||||||
Substantially all revenue is earned from affiliates of the Partnership. See accompanying notes.
6
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 167.2 | $ | (50.7 | ) | $ | 719.6 | $ | 0.7 | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 38.4 | 5.9 | 87.8 | (11.3 | ) | |||||||||||||
Cash flow hedges | ||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for loss included in interest expense | — | 0.6 | — | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||
Defined benefit plans | ||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) for the period | (0.3 | ) | 0.4 | (1.3 | ) | 0.9 | ||||||||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment for loss during the period, included in base compensation expense | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 38.4 | — | 7.0 | — | 87.4 | — | (8.5 | ) | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | 205.6 | (43.7 | ) | 807.0 | (7.8 | ) | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (38.6 | ) | 46.2 | (68.5 | ) | 71.0 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | — | (0.2 | ) | — | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 167.0 | 2.3 | 738.5 | 63.1 | ||||||||||||||
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | (114.3 | ) | 4.7 | (534.5 | ) | (39.2 | ) | |||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 52.7 | $ | 7.0 | $ | 204.0 | $ | 23.9 | ||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
7
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||
Net income | $ | 719.6 | $ | 0.7 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 30.9 | 52.6 | |||||
Equity-based compensation | 241.8 | 265.8 | |||||
Non-cash performance fees | (561.5 | ) | 108.0 | ||||
Other non-cash amounts | (4.2 | ) | (19.2 | ) | |||
Consolidated Funds related: | |||||||
Realized/unrealized gain on investments of Consolidated Funds | (27.1 | ) | (45.0 | ) | |||
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss from loans payable of Consolidated Funds | (49.3 | ) | 43.8 | ||||
Purchases of investments by Consolidated Funds | (2,129.7 | ) | (1,707.8 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sale and settlements of investments by Consolidated Funds | 2,135.6 | 873.9 | |||||
Non-cash interest income, net | (4.3 | ) | (3.6 | ) | |||
Change in cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | 566.1 | 622.5 | |||||
Change in other receivables held at Consolidated Funds | (30.9 | ) | (4.8 | ) | |||
Change in other liabilities held at Consolidated Funds | (208.5 | ) | (178.9 | ) | |||
Investment income | (138.9 | ) | (124.2 | ) | |||
Purchases of investments | (412.4 | ) | (218.6 | ) | |||
Proceeds from the sale of investments | 297.7 | 219.7 | |||||
Payments of contingent consideration | (22.5 | ) | (82.6 | ) | |||
Deconsolidation of Claren Road (see Note 9) | (23.3 | ) | — | ||||
Deconsolidation of Urbplan (see Note 15) | 14.0 | — | |||||
Changes in deferred taxes, net | (8.7 | ) | 3.7 | ||||
Change in due from affiliates and other receivables | (78.2 | ) | 2.8 | ||||
Change in receivables and inventory of a real estate VIE | (14.5 | ) | 45.1 | ||||
Change in deposits and other | (7.1 | ) | 5.0 | ||||
Change in other assets of a real estate VIE | 1.6 | 33.1 | |||||
Change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1.9 | 71.8 | |||||
Change in accrued compensation and benefits | 42.2 | 32.4 | |||||
Change in due to affiliates | 15.0 | (22.4 | ) | ||||
Change in other liabilities of a real estate VIE | 47.9 | (1.2 | ) | ||||
Change in deferred revenue | 178.6 | 154.9 | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 571.8 | 127.5 | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||
Change in restricted cash | 3.6 | 1.8 | |||||
Purchases of fixed assets, net | (26.0 | ) | (13.3 | ) | |||
Net cash used in investing activities | (22.4 | ) | (11.5 | ) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||
Proceeds from issuance of preferred units, net of offering costs and expenses | 387.6 | — | |||||
Borrowings under credit facility | 250.0 | — | |||||
Repayments under credit facility | (250.0 | ) | — | ||||
Payments on debt obligations | (15.0 | ) | — | ||||
Proceeds from debt obligations | 202.6 | 20.6 | |||||
Net payments on loans payable of a real estate VIE | (14.3 | ) | (27.3 | ) | |||
Net (payments) borrowings on loans payable of Consolidated Funds | (312.7 | ) | 339.7 | ||||
Payments of contingent consideration | (0.4 | ) | (3.3 | ) | |||
Distributions to common unitholders | (63.0 | ) | (98.5 | ) | |||
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders in Carlyle Holdings | (163.1 | ) | (300.9 | ) | |||
Contributions from non-controlling interest holders | 87.7 | 75.3 | |||||
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders | (74.0 | ) | (87.3 | ) | |||
Common units repurchased | (0.2 | ) | (53.6 | ) | |||
Change in due to/from affiliates financing activities | 38.5 | 62.0 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 73.7 | (73.3 | ) | ||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | 61.7 | 9.1 | |||||
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | 684.8 | 51.8 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 670.9 | 991.5 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,355.7 | $ | 1,043.3 | |||
Supplemental non-cash disclosures | |||||||
Net increase in partners’ capital and accumulated other comprehensive income related to reallocation of ownership interest in Carlyle Holdings | $ | 23.8 | $ | 12.4 | |||
Net asset impact of deconsolidation of Consolidated Funds | $ | — | $ | (7,170.2 | ) | ||
Tax effect from acquisition of Carlyle Holdings partnership units: | |||||||
Deferred tax asset | $ | 24.3 | $ | 2.5 | |||
Tax receivable agreement liability | $ | 21.1 | $ | 2.2 | |||
Total partners’ capital | $ | 3.2 | $ | 0.3 | |||
See accompanying notes.
8
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
The Carlyle Group L.P., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is one of the world’s largest global alternative asset management firms that originates, structures and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, growth capital financings, real estate opportunities, bank loans, high-yield debt, distressed assets, mezzanine debt and other investment opportunities. The Carlyle Group L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership formed on July 18, 2011, which is managed and operated by its general partner, Carlyle Group Management L.L.C., which is in turn wholly-owned and controlled by Carlyle’s founders and other senior Carlyle professionals. Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references to the “Partnership” or “Carlyle” refer to The Carlyle Group L.P., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Carlyle provides investment management services to, and has transactions with, various private equity funds, real estate funds, private credit funds, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and other investment products sponsored by the Partnership for the investment of client assets in the normal course of business. Carlyle typically serves as the general partner, investment manager or collateral manager, making day-to-day investment decisions concerning the assets of these products. Carlyle operates its business through four reportable segments: Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, Global Market Strategies, and Investment Solutions (see Note 16).
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of the Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. In addition, certain Carlyle-affiliated funds, related co-investment entities, certain CLOs managed by the Partnership (collectively the “Consolidated Funds”) and a real estate development company have been consolidated in the accompanying financial statements pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), as described in Note 2. The accounts of the real estate development company have been deconsolidated as of September 30, 2017 (see Note 15). The consolidation of the Consolidated Funds generally has a gross-up effect on assets, liabilities and cash flows, and generally has no effect on the net income attributable to the Partnership. The economic ownership interests of the other investors in the Consolidated Funds are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated entities in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (see Note 2).
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. These statements, including notes, have not been audited, exclude some of the disclosures required for annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods presented.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The Partnership consolidates all entities that it controls either through a majority voting interest or as the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). On January 1, 2016, the Partnership adopted ASU 2015-2, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which provides a revised consolidation model for all reporting entities to use in evaluating whether to consolidate certain types of legal entities.
The Partnership evaluates (1) whether it holds a variable interest in an entity, (2) whether the entity is a VIE, and (3)whether the Partnership's involvement would make it the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether the Partnership holds a variable interest, fees (including management fees and performance fees) that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Partnership does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, are not considered variable interests. The Partnership considers all economic interests, including indirect interests, to determine if a fee is considered a variable interest.
9
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
For those entities where the Partnership holds a variable interest, the Partnership determines whether each of these entities qualifies as a VIE and, if so, whether or not the Partnership is the primary beneficiary. The assessment of whether the entity is a VIE is generally performed qualitatively, which requires judgment. These judgments include: (a) determining whether the equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) evaluating whether the equity holders, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the economic performance of the entity, (c) determining whether two or more parties' equity interests should be aggregated, and (d) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive returns from an entity.
For entities that are determined to be VIEs, the Partnership consolidates those entities where it has concluded it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is defined as the variable interest holder with (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In evaluating whether the Partnership is the primary beneficiary, the Partnership evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by the Partnership.
As of September 30, 2017, assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIEs reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets were $4.5 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively. Except to the extent of the consolidated assets of the VIEs, the holders of the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities generally do not have recourse to the Partnership.
Substantially all of our Consolidated Funds are CLOs, which are VIEs that issue loans payable that are backed by diversified collateral asset portfolios consisting primarily of loans or structured debt. In exchange for managing the collateral for the CLOs, the Partnership earns investment management fees, including in some cases subordinated management fees and contingent incentive fees. In cases where the Partnership consolidates the CLOs (primarily because of a retained interest that is significant to the CLO), those management fees have been eliminated as intercompany transactions. As of September 30, 2017, the Partnership held $191.6 million of investments in these consolidated CLOs which represents its maximum risk of loss. The Partnership’s investments in these CLOs are generally subordinated to other interests in the entities and entitle the Partnership to receive a pro rata portion of the residual cash flows, if any, from the entities. Investors in the CLOs have no recourse against the Partnership for any losses sustained in the CLO structure.
Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally assessed for consolidation as voting interest entities. Under the voting interest entity model, the Partnership consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest.
All significant inter-entity transactions and balances of entities consolidated have been eliminated.
Investments in Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Partnership holds variable interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated because the Partnership is not the primary beneficiary, including its investments in certain CLOs and strategic investment in NGP Management Company, L.L.C. (“NGP Management” and, together with its affiliates, “NGP”). Refer to Note 5 for information on the strategic investment in NGP. The Partnership’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct equity interests and fee arrangements. The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by the Partnership relating to its variable interests in these unconsolidated entities. The assets recognized in the Partnership’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets related to the Partnership’s variable interests in these non-consolidated VIEs and the Partnership’s maximum exposure to loss relating to unconsolidated VIEs were as follows:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Investments | $ | 828.5 | $ | 664.2 | |||
Due from affiliates, net | — | 1.8 | |||||
Maximum Exposure to Loss | $ | 828.5 | $ | 666.0 | |||
10
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Additionally, as of September 30, 2017, the Partnership had $51.9 million and $12.8 million recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to accrued carry and management fee receivables, respectively, related to the unconsolidated VIEs.
Basis of Accounting
The accompanying financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management has determined that the Partnership’s Funds are investment companies under U.S. GAAP for the purposes of financial reporting. U.S. GAAP for an investment company requires investments to be recorded at estimated fair value and the unrealized gains and/or losses in an investment’s fair value are recognized on a current basis in the statements of operations. Additionally, the Funds do not consolidate their majority-owned and controlled investments (the “Portfolio Companies”). In the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Partnership has retained the specialized accounting for the Funds.
All of the investments held and notes issued by the Consolidated Funds are presented at their estimated fair values in the Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds as well as interest expense and other expenses of the Consolidated Funds are included in the Partnership’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s estimates are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. It also requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Partnership’s accounting policies. Assumptions and estimates regarding the valuation of investments and their resulting impact on performance fees involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity and these assumptions and estimates may be significant to the consolidated financial statements and the resulting impact on performance fees. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material.
Revenue Recognition
Fund Management Fees
The Partnership provides management services to funds in which it holds a general partner interest or has a management agreement.
For closed-end carry funds in the Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets and Global Market Strategies segments, management fees generally range from 1.0% to 2.0% of commitments during the fund's investment period based on limited partners' capital commitments to the funds. Following the expiration or termination of the investment period, management fees generally are based on the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital and the rate charged may also be reduced to between 0.6% and 2.0%. For certain managed accounts and longer-dated carry funds, with expected terms greater than ten years, management fees generally range from 0.2% to 1.0% based on contributions for unrealized investments or the current value of the investment. The Partnership will receive management fees during a specified period of time, which is generally ten years from the initial closing date, or, in some instances, from the final closing date, but such termination date may be earlier in certain limited circumstances or later if extended for successive one-year periods, typically up to a maximum of two years. Depending upon the contracted terms of investment advisory or investment management and related agreements, these fees are generally called semi-annually in advance and are recognized as earned over the subsequent six month period. For certain longer-dated carry funds, management fees are called quarterly over the life of the funds.
Within the Global Market Strategies segment, for CLOs and other structured products, management fees generally range from 0.3% to 0.6% based on the total par amounts of assets or the aggregate principal amount of the notes in the CLO and are due quarterly or semi-annually based on the terms and recognized over the respective period. Management fees for the CLOs and other structured products are governed by indentures and collateral management agreements. The Partnership will receive management fees for the CLOs until redemption of the securities issued by the CLOs, which is generally five to ten years after issuance. Management fees for the business development companies are due quarterly in arrears at annual rates that range from 0.25% to 1.0% of gross assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents.
11
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Management fees for the Partnership's private equity and real estate carry fund vehicles in the Investment Solutions segment generally range from 0.25% to 1.0% of the vehicle’s capital commitments during the commitment fee period of the relevant fund or the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds. Following the expiration of the commitment fee period or weighted-average investment period of such funds, the management fees generally range from 0.25% to 1.0% of the lower of cost or fair value of the capital invested, the net asset value for unrealized investments, or the contributions for unrealized investments; however, certain managed accounts earn management fees at all times on contributions for unrealized investments. Management fees for the Investment Solutions carry fund vehicles are generally due quarterly and recognized over the related quarter.
The Partnership also provides transaction advisory and portfolio advisory services to the portfolio companies, and where covered by separate contractual agreements, recognizes fees for these services when the service has been provided and collection is reasonably assured. Fund management fees includes transaction and portfolio advisory fees of $10.2 million and $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $28.0 million and $37.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, net of any offsets as defined in the respective partnership agreements. Fund management fees exclude the reimbursement of any partnership expenses paid by the Partnership on behalf of the Carlyle funds pursuant to the limited partnership agreements, including amounts related to the pursuit of actual, proposed, or unconsummated investments, professional fees, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, and other fund administrative expenses.
Performance Fees
Performance fees consist principally of the allocation of profits from certain of the funds to which the Partnership is entitled (commonly known as carried interest).
For closed-end carry funds in the Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets and Global Market Strategies segments, the Partnership is generally entitled to a 20% allocation (or 10% to 20% on certain longer-dated carry funds and external co-investment vehicles, or approximately 2% to 10% in the majority of the Investment Solutions segment carry fund vehicles) of the net realized income or gain as a carried interest after returning the invested capital, the allocation of preferred returns of generally 7% to 9% (or 4% to 7% for certain longer-dated carry funds) and return of certain fund costs (generally subject to catch-up provisions as set forth in the fund limited partnership agreement). Carried interest is recognized upon appreciation of the funds’ investment values above certain return hurdles set forth in each respective partnership agreement. The Partnership recognizes revenues attributable to performance fees based upon the amount that would be due pursuant to the fund partnership agreement at each period end as if the funds were terminated at that date. Accordingly, the amount recognized as performance fees reflects the Partnership’s share of the gains and losses of the associated funds’ underlying investments measured at their then-current fair values relative to the fair values as of the end of the prior period. Because of the inherent uncertainty, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material.
Carried interest is ultimately realized when: (i) an underlying investment is profitably disposed of, (ii) certain costs borne by the limited partner investors have been reimbursed, (iii) the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return and (iv) the Partnership has decided to collect carry rather than return additional capital to limited partner investors. Realized carried interest may be required to be returned by the Partnership in future periods if the funds’ investment values decline below certain levels. When the fair value of a fund’s investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance fees are reversed. In all cases, each fund is considered separately in this regard, and for a given fund, performance fees can never be negative over the life of a fund. If upon a hypothetical liquidation of a fund’s investments at their then-current fair values, previously recognized and distributed carried interest would be required to be returned, a liability is established for the potential giveback obligation. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Partnership has recognized $67.6 million and $160.8 million, respectively, for giveback obligations.
The Partnership is also entitled to receive performance fees pursuant to management contracts from certain of its Global Market Strategies funds when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. In such arrangements, performance fees are recognized when the performance benchmark has been achieved, and are included in performance fees in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
12
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Investment Income (Loss)
Investment income (loss) represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses resulting from the Partnership’s equity method investments and other principal investments, including CLOs. Equity method investment income (loss) includes the related amortization of the basis difference between the Partnership’s carrying value of its investment and the Partnership’s share of underlying net assets of the investee, as well as the compensation expense associated with compensatory arrangements provided by the Partnership to employees of its equity method investee, as it relates to its investments in NGP (see Note 5). Investment income (loss) is realized when the Partnership redeems all or a portion of its investment or when the Partnership receives or is due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Unrealized investment income (loss) results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment as well as the reversal of unrealized gain (loss) at the time an investment is realized.
Interest Income
Interest income is recognized when earned. For debt securities representing non-investment grade beneficial interests in securitizations, the effective yield is determined based on the estimated cash flows of the security. Changes in the effective yield of these securities due to changes in estimated cash flows are recognized on a prospective basis as adjustments to interest income in future periods. Interest income earned by the Partnership is included in interest and other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest income of the Consolidated Funds was $41.8 million and $40.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $124.1 million and $101.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Compensation and Benefits
Base Compensation – Base compensation includes salaries, bonuses (discretionary awards and guaranteed amounts), performance payment arrangements and benefits paid and payable to Carlyle employees. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
Equity-Based Compensation – Compensation expense relating to the issuance of equity-based awards to Carlyle employees is measured at fair value on the grant date. The compensation expense for awards that vest over a future service period is recognized over the relevant service period on a straight-line basis. The compensation expense for awards that do not require future service is recognized immediately. Cash settled equity-based awards are classified as liabilities and are re-measured at the end of each reporting period. The compensation expense for awards that contain performance conditions is recognized when it is probable that the performance conditions will be achieved; in certain instances, such compensation expense may be recognized prior to the grant date of the award.
Equity-based awards issued to non-employees are generally recognized as general, administrative and other expenses, except to the extent they are recognized as part of our equity method earnings because they are issued to employees of our equity method investees. The grant-date fair value of equity-based awards granted to Carlyle’s non-employee directors is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The cost of services received in exchange for an equity-based award issued to non-employees who are not directors is measured at each vesting date, and is not measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award unless the award is vested at the grant date. Equity-based awards that require the satisfaction of future service criteria are recognized over the relevant service period based on the fair value of the award on each reporting date and adjusted for the actual fair value of the award at each vesting date. Accordingly, the measured value of the award will not be finalized until the vesting date.
On January 1, 2017, the Partnership adopted ASU 2016-9, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). In accordance with ASU 2016-9, the Partnership elected to recognize equity-based award forfeitures in the period they occur as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense. The reduction in compensation expense is determined based on the specific awards forfeited during that period. Furthermore, the Partnership is required to recognize prospectively all excess tax benefits and deficiencies as income tax benefit or expense in the statement of operations.
Performance Fee Related Compensation – A portion of the performance fees earned is due to employees and advisors of the Partnership. These amounts are accounted for as compensation expense in conjunction with the recognition of the related performance fee revenue and, until paid, are recognized as a component of the accrued compensation and benefits liability. Accordingly, upon a reversal of performance fee revenue, the related compensation expense, if any, is also reversed. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Partnership had recorded a liability of $1.8 billion and $1.3 billion related to
13
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
the portion of accrued performance fees due to employees and advisors, respectively, which was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Income Taxes
Certain of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Partnership and the Carlyle Holdings partnerships are subject to federal, state, local and foreign corporate income taxes at the entity level and the related tax provision attributable to the Partnership’s share of this income is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Based on applicable federal, foreign, state and local tax laws, the Partnership records a provision for income taxes for certain entities. Tax positions taken by the Partnership are subject to periodic audit by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign taxing authorities.
The Partnership accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the period in which the difference is expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period of the change in the provision for income taxes. Further, deferred tax assets are recognized for the expected realization of available net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. A valuation allowance is recorded on the Partnership’s gross deferred tax assets when it is “more likely than not” that such asset will not be realized. When evaluating the realizability of the Partnership’s deferred tax assets, all evidence, both positive and negative, is evaluated. Items considered in this analysis include the ability to carry back losses, the reversal of temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and expectations of future earnings.
Under U.S. GAAP for income taxes, the amount of tax benefit to be recognized is the amount of benefit that is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. The Partnership analyzes its tax filing positions in all of the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as for all open tax years in these jurisdictions. If, based on this analysis, the Partnership determines that uncertainties in tax positions exist, a liability is established, which is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Partnership recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in the provision for income taxes. If recognized, the entire amount of unrecognized tax positions would be recorded as a reduction in the provision for income taxes.
Tax Receivable Agreement
Exchanges of Carlyle Holdings partnership units for the Partnership’s common units that are executed by the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships result in transfers of and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Carlyle Holdings, primarily attributable to a portion of the goodwill inherent in the business. These transfers and increases in tax basis will increase (for tax purposes) depreciation and amortization and therefore reduce the amount of tax that certain of the Partnership’s subsidiaries, including Carlyle Holdings I GP Inc., which are referred to as the “corporate taxpayers,” would otherwise be required to pay in the future. This increase in tax basis may also decrease gain (or increase loss) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets. The Partnership has entered into a tax receivable agreement with the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships whereby the corporate taxpayers have agreed to pay to the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships involved in any exchange transaction 85% of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or foreign or franchise tax that the corporate taxpayers realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and, in limited cases, transfers or prior increases in tax basis. The corporate taxpayers expect to benefit from the remaining 15% of cash tax savings, if any, in income tax they realize. Payments under the tax receivable agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that the Partnership will determine. The corporate taxpayers will not be reimbursed for any payments previously made under the tax receivable agreement if a tax basis increase is successfully challenged by the Internal Revenue Service.
The Partnership records an increase in deferred tax assets for the estimated income tax effects of the increases in tax basis based on enacted federal and state tax rates at the date of the exchange. To the extent that the Partnership estimates that the corporate taxpayers will not realize the full benefit represented by the deferred tax asset, based on an analysis that will consider, among other things, its expectation of future earnings, the Partnership will reduce the deferred tax asset with a valuation allowance and will assess the probability that the related liability owed under the tax receivable agreement will be paid. The Partnership records 85% of the estimated realizable tax benefit (which is the recorded deferred tax asset less any recorded valuation allowance) as an increase to the liability due under the tax receivable agreement, which is included in due to affiliates
14
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The remaining 15% of the estimated realizable tax benefit is initially recorded as an increase to the Partnership’s partners’ capital.
All of the effects to the deferred tax asset of changes in any of the Partnership’s estimates after the tax year of the exchange will be reflected in the provision for income taxes. Similarly, the effect of subsequent changes in the enacted tax rates will be reflected in the provision for income taxes.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities represent the component of equity in consolidated entities held by third-party investors. These interests are adjusted for general partner allocations and by subscriptions and redemptions in hedge funds which occur during the reporting period. Any change in ownership of a subsidiary while the controlling financial interest is retained is accounted for as an equity transaction between the controlling and non-controlling interests. Transaction costs incurred in connection with such changes in ownership of a subsidiary are recorded as a direct charge to partners’ capital.
Non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings relate to the ownership interests of the other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The Partnership, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, is the sole general partner of Carlyle Holdings. Accordingly, the Partnership consolidates Carlyle Holdings into its consolidated financial statements, and the other ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings are reflected as non-controlling interests in the Partnership’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Any change to the Partnership’s ownership interest in Carlyle Holdings while it retains the controlling financial interest in Carlyle Holdings is accounted for as a transaction within partners’ capital as a reallocation of ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings.
Earnings Per Common Unit
The Partnership computes earnings per common unit in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”). Basic earnings per common unit is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the common units of the Partnership by the weighted-average number of common units outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common unit reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities. Net income (loss) attributable to the common units excludes net income (loss) and dividends attributable to any participating securities under the two-class method of ASC 260.
Investments
Investments include (i) the Partnership’s ownership interests (typically general partner interests) in the Funds, (ii) strategic investments made by the Partnership (both of which are accounted for as equity method investments), (iii) the investments held by the Consolidated Funds (which are presented at fair value in the Partnership’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), and (iv) investments in the CLOs and certain credit-oriented investments (which are accounted for as trading securities).
The valuation procedures utilized for investments of the Funds vary depending on the nature of the investment. The fair value of investments in publicly-traded securities is based on the closing price of the security with adjustments to reflect appropriate discounts if the securities are subject to restrictions.
The fair value of non-equity securities or other investments, which may include instruments that are not listed on an exchange, considers, among other factors, external pricing sources, such as dealer quotes or independent pricing services, recent trading activity or other information that, in the opinion of the Partnership, may not have been reflected in pricing obtained from external sources.
When valuing private securities or assets without readily determinable market prices, the Partnership gives consideration to operating results, financial condition, economic and/or market events, recent sales prices and other pertinent information. These valuation procedures may vary by investment, but include such techniques as comparable public market valuation, comparable acquisition valuation and discounted cash flow analysis. Because of the inherent uncertainty, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material. Furthermore, there is no assurance that, upon liquidation, the Partnership will realize the values presented herein.
Upon the sale of a security or other investment, the realized net gain or loss is computed on a weighted average cost basis, with the exception of the investments held by the CLOs, which compute the realized net gain or loss on a first in, first out basis. Securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis.
15
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Equity Method Investments
The Partnership accounts for all investments in which it has or is otherwise presumed to have significant influence, including investments in the unconsolidated Funds and strategic investments, using the equity method of accounting. The carrying value of equity method investments is determined based on amounts invested by the Partnership, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the investee allocated based on the respective partnership agreement, less distributions received. The Partnership evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash held at banks and cash held for distributions, including temporary investments with original maturities of less than three months when purchased.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Funds
Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds consists of cash and cash equivalents held by the Consolidated Funds, which, although not legally restricted, is not available to fund the general liquidity needs of the Partnership.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily represents cash held by the Partnership’s foreign subsidiaries due to certain government regulatory capital requirements.
Corporate Treasury Investments
Corporate treasury investments represent investments in U.S. Treasury and government agency obligations, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, other investment grade securities and other investments with original maturities of greater than three months when purchased. These investments are accounted for as trading securities in which changes in the fair value of each investment are recorded through investment income (loss). Any interest earned on debt investments is recorded through interest and other income.
Derivative Instruments
The Partnership uses derivative instruments primarily to reduce its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative instruments are recognized at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for all derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets consist of furniture, fixtures and equipment, leasehold improvements, and computer hardware and software and are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which for leasehold improvements are the lesser of the lease terms or the life of the asset, and three to seven years for other fixed assets. Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The Partnership’s intangible assets consist of acquired contractual rights to earn future fee income, including management and advisory fees, customer relationships, and acquired trademarks. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from five to ten years, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the identifiable net assets of businesses acquired and is recorded in the functional currency of the acquired entity. Goodwill is recognized as an asset and is reviewed for impairment annually as of October 1st and between annual tests when events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.
16
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents management fees and other revenue received prior to the balance sheet date, which has not yet been earned.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Partnership’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and gains and losses on defined benefit plans sponsored by AlpInvest. The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Currency translation adjustments | $ | (65.4 | ) | $ | (91.7 | ) | |
Unrealized losses on defined benefit plans | (4.0 | ) | (3.5 | ) | |||
Total | $ | (69.4 | ) | $ | (95.2 | ) | |
Foreign Currency Translation
Non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities are translated at period-end rates of exchange, and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are translated at rates of exchange in effect throughout the period. Foreign currency (gains) losses resulting from transactions outside of the functional currency of an entity of $0.7 million and $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $2.2 million and $30.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are included in general, administrative and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-12, among other things, permits hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships to now involve nonfinancial risk components and requires an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedge item is reported. The guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2019 and requires cash flow hedges and net investment hedges existing at the date of adoption to apply a cumulative effect adjustment to eliminate the measurement of ineffectiveness to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of partners’ capital as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts the guidance. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. While the Partnership is still assessing the guidance in ASU 2017-12, it does not expect the impact of this guidance to be material.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-1, Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business. ASU 2017-01 changes the criteria for determining whether a group of assets acquired is a business. Specifically, when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the assets acquired would not be considered a business. The guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2018 and is required to be applied prospectively, however, early adoption is permitted. This guidance will impact the Partnership's analysis of the accounting for any future acquisitions occurring after the date of adoption.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-4, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies an entity’s annual goodwill test for impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, and instead an entity should compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The impairment charge will then be the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. An entity would still have the option to perform a qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2020 and requires the guidance to be applied using a prospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. The Partnership does not expect the impact of this guidance to be material.
17
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 clarifies the presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows by requiring the amounts described as restricted cash be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. If cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are presented separately on the statement of financial position, a reconciliation of these separate line items to the total cash amount included in the statement of cash flows will be required either in the footnotes or on the face of the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2018 and ASU 2016-18 requires the guidance to be applied using a retrospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted; however, the Partnership expects to reflect this change in presentation of restricted cash in its first quarter 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 clarifies the classification of several discrete cash flow issues, including the treatment of cash distributions from equity method investments. The guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2018 and ASU 2016-15 requires the guidance to be applied using a retrospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted, provided that all of the amendments for all of the topics are adopted in the same period. The Partnership is currently assessing the potential impact of this guidance to its consolidated statements of cash flows.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Accounting for Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Currently, GAAP requires an "incurred loss" methodology that delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. Under the new standard, the allowance for credit losses must be deducted from the amortized cost of the financial asset to present the net amount expected to be collected. The income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. This provision of the guidance requires a modified retrospective transition method and will result in a cumulative-effect adjustment in retained earnings upon adoption. This guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Partnership is currently assessing the potential impact of this guidance.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-9, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-9 changes certain aspects of accounting for share-based payments to employees. ASU 2016-9 requires the income tax effects of awards to be recognized through the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. Previously, an entity was required to determine for each award whether the difference between the deduction for tax purposes and the compensation cost recognized for financial reporting purposes resulted in either an excess tax benefit or a tax deficiency. Excess tax benefits were recognized in partners’ capital, while tax deficiencies were recognized as an offset to accumulated excess tax benefits or in the income statement. Under ASU 2016-9, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are required to be recognized as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement. This provision of the guidance is required to be applied prospectively. Additionally, ASU 2016-9 allows an employer to withhold employee shares upon vest up to maximum statutory tax rates without causing an award to be classified as a liability. This provision of the guidance requires a modified retrospective transition method. Finally, the previous equity-based compensation guidance required cost to be measured based on the number of awards that are expected to vest. Under ASU 2016-9, an accounting policy election can be made to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. This guidance was effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2017. The Partnership adopted this guidance on that date by recording an adjustment for the cumulative effect of adoption in partners' capital on January 1, 2017. The impact of the adjustment was not material to total partners' capital.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-2 requires lessees to recognize virtually all of their leases on the balance sheet, by recording a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The lease liability will be measured at the present value of lease payments and the right-of-use asset will be based on the lease liability value, subject to adjustments. Leases can be classified as either operating leases or finance leases. Operating leases will result in straight-line lease expense, while finance leases will result in front-loaded expense. This guidance is effective for the Partnership on January 1, 2019 and ASU 2016-2 requires the guidance to be applied using a modified retrospective method. Early adoption is permitted. The Partnership is currently assessing the potential impact of this guidance, however, the Partnership's total assets and total liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet will increase upon adoption of this guidance.
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The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-9”) in May 2014 and subsequently issued several amendments to the standard. ASU 2014-9, and related amendments, provide comprehensive guidance for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. Entities will be able to recognize revenue when the entity transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance includes a five-step framework that requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The guidance in ASU 2014-9, and the related amendments, is effective for the Partnership beginning on January 1, 2018, and the Partnership plans to adopt this guidance on that date.
Upon adoption of ASU 2014-9, performance fees that represent a performance-based capital allocation from fund limited partners to the Partnership (commonly known as “carried interest”, which comprised over 80% of the Partnership's performance fee revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014) will be accounted for as earnings from financial assets within the scope of ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and therefore will not be in the scope of ASU 2014-9. In accordance with ASC 323, the Partnership will record equity method income (losses) as a component of investment income based on the change in our proportionate claim on net assets of the investment fund, including performance-based capital allocations, assuming the investment fund was liquidated as of each reporting date pursuant to each fund's governing agreements. The Partnership will apply this change in accounting on a full retrospective basis. This change in accounting will result in a reclassification from performance fee revenues to investment income (losses).
The Partnership is currently in the process of implementing ASU 2014-9 and its related amendments. The Partnership does not expect significant changes to our historical pattern of recognizing revenue for management fees and performance fees (both for arrangements within the scope of ASC 323 and arrangements within the scope of ASU 2014-9). Additionally, while the determination of who is the customer in a contractual arrangement will be made on a contract-by-contract basis, the Partnership expects that the customer will generally be the investment fund for our significant management and advisory contracts. The Partnership is still, however, evaluating its method of adoption for ASU 2014-9 and how ASU 2014-9 and its related amendments will impact principal versus agent considerations, which would affect whether certain transactions are reported gross or net in the consolidated statement of operations.
3. Fair Value Measurement
The fair value measurement accounting guidance establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework which ranks the observability of market price inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date. The type of financial instruments included in Level I include unrestricted securities, including equities and derivatives, listed in active markets. The Partnership does not adjust the quoted price for these instruments, even in situations where the Partnership holds a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.
Level II – inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. The type of financial instruments in this category includes less liquid and restricted securities listed in active markets, securities traded in other than active markets, government and agency securities, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs.
Level III – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to overall fair value measurement. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in this category include investments in privately-held entities, non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations, collateralized loan obligations, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
19
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given financial instrument is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Partnership’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument.
In certain cases, debt and equity securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments.
The following table summarizes the Partnership’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of September 30, 2017:
(Dollars in millions) | Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||
Equity securities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 26.8 | $ | 26.8 | |||||||
Bonds | — | — | 347.0 | 347.0 | |||||||||||
Loans | — | — | 3,861.7 | 3,861.7 | |||||||||||
Other | — | — | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||||||||||
— | — | 4,235.8 | 4,235.8 | ||||||||||||
Investments in CLOs and other | — | — | 322.7 | 322.7 | |||||||||||
Corporate treasury investments | |||||||||||||||
Bonds | — | 87.6 | — | 87.6 | |||||||||||
Commercial paper and other | — | 29.8 | — | 29.8 | |||||||||||
— | 117.4 | — | 117.4 | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | — | 0.3 | — | 0.3 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 117.7 | $ | 4,558.5 | $ | 4,676.2 | |||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,794.8 | $ | 3,794.8 | |||||||
Contingent consideration(2) | — | — | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | — | 3.9 | — | 3.9 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 3.9 | $ | 3,796.1 | $ | 3,800.0 | |||||||
(1) | Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Partnership and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. |
(2) | Related to contingent consideration associated with the Partnership's acquisitions, excluding employment-based contingent consideration. |
20
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the Partnership’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the above fair value hierarchy levels as of December 31, 2016:
(Dollars in millions) | Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||||||||
Equity securities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 10.3 | $ | 10.3 | |||||||
Bonds | — | — | 396.4 | 396.4 | |||||||||||
Loans | — | — | 3,485.6 | 3,485.6 | |||||||||||
Other | — | — | 1.4 | 1.4 | |||||||||||
— | — | 3,893.7 | 3,893.7 | ||||||||||||
Investments in CLOs and other | — | — | 152.6 | 152.6 | |||||||||||
Corporate treasury investments | |||||||||||||||
Bonds | — | 91.3 | — | 91.3 | |||||||||||
Commercial paper and other | — | 98.9 | — | 98.9 | |||||||||||
— | 190.2 | — | 190.2 | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | — | 2.5 | — | 2.5 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 192.7 | $ | 4,046.3 | $ | 4,239.0 | |||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,866.3 | $ | 3,866.3 | |||||||
Contingent consideration(2) | — | — | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
Loans payable of a real estate VIE | — | — | 79.4 | 79.4 | |||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | — | 10.0 | — | 10.0 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 10.0 | $ | 3,947.2 | $ | 3,957.2 | |||||||
(1) | Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of the CLO financial assets, less (i) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by the Partnership and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. |
(2) | Related to contingent consideration associated with the Partnership's acquisitions, excluding employment-based contingent consideration. |
There were no transfers from Level II to Level I during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Investment professionals with responsibility for the underlying investments are responsible for preparing the investment valuations pursuant to the policies, methodologies and templates prepared by the Partnership’s valuation group, which is a team made up of dedicated valuation professionals reporting to the Partnership’s chief accounting officer. The valuation group is responsible for maintaining the Partnership’s valuation policy and related guidance, templates and systems that are designed to be consistent with the guidance found in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. These valuations, inputs and preliminary conclusions are reviewed by the fund accounting teams. The valuations are then reviewed and approved by the respective fund valuation subcommittees, which are comprised of the respective fund head(s), segment head, chief financial officer and chief accounting officer, as well as members of the valuation group. The valuation group compiles the aggregate results and significant matters and presents them for review and approval by the global valuation committee, which is comprised of the Partnership’s co-chief executive officers, president and chief operating officer, chief risk officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, deputy chief investment officers for Corporate Private Equity, the business segment heads, and observed by the chief compliance officer, the director of internal audit and the Partnership’s audit committee. Additionally, each quarter a sample of valuations is reviewed by external valuation firms.
In the absence of observable market prices, the Partnership values its investments using valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis. For some investments little market activity may exist. Management’s determination of fair value is then based on the best information available in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks. Investments for which market prices are not observable include private
21
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
investments in the equity of operating companies and real estate properties, and certain debt positions. The valuation technique for each of these investments is described below:
Private Equity and Real Estate Investments – The fair values of private equity investments are determined by reference to projected net earnings, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), the discounted cash flow method, public market or private transactions, valuations for comparable companies or sales of comparable assets, and other measures which, in many cases, are unaudited at the time received. The methods used to estimate the fair value of real estate investments include the discounted cash flow method and/or capitalization rate (“cap rate”) analysis. Valuations may be derived by reference to observable valuation measures for comparable companies or transactions (e.g., applying a key performance metric of the investment such as EBITDA or net operating income to a relevant valuation multiple or cap rate observed in the range of comparable companies or transactions), adjusted by management for differences between the investment and the referenced comparables, and in some instances by reference to option pricing models or other similar models. Adjustments to observable valuation measures are frequently made upon the initial investment to calibrate the initial investment valuation to industry observable inputs. Such adjustments are made to align the investment to observable industry inputs for differences in size, profitability, projected growth rates, geography and capital structure if applicable. The adjustments are reviewed with each subsequent valuation to assess how the investment has evolved relative to the observable inputs. Additionally, the investment may be subject to certain specific risks and/or development milestones which are also taken into account in the valuation assessment. Option pricing models and similar tools do not currently drive a significant portion of private equity or real estate valuations and are used primarily to value warrants, derivatives, certain restrictions and other atypical investment instruments.
Credit-Oriented Investments – The fair values of credit-oriented investments (including corporate treasury investments) are generally determined on the basis of prices between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments. Specifically, for investments in distressed debt and corporate loans and bonds, the fair values are generally determined by valuations of comparable investments. In some instances, the Partnership may utilize other valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow method.
CLO Investments and CLO Loans Payable – The Partnership measures the financial liabilities of its consolidated CLOs based on the fair value of the financial assets of its consolidated CLOs, as the Partnership believes the fair value of the financial assets are more observable. The fair values of the CLO loan and bond assets are primarily based on quotations from reputable dealers or relevant pricing services. In situations where valuation quotations are unavailable, the assets are valued based on similar securities, market index changes, and other factors. The Partnership corroborates quotations from pricing services either with other available pricing data or with its own models. Generally, the loan and bond assets of the CLOs are not actively traded and are classified as Level III. The fair values of the CLO structured asset positions are determined based on both discounted cash flow analyses and third party quotes. Those analyses consider the position size, liquidity, current financial condition of the CLOs, the third party financing environment, reinvestment rates, recovery lags, discount rates and default forecasts and are compared to broker quotations from market makers and third party dealers.
The Partnership measures the CLO loan payables held by third party beneficial interest holders on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLO and the beneficial interests held by the Partnership. The Partnership continues to measure the CLO loans payable that it holds at fair value based on both discounted cash flow analyses and third-party quotes, as described above.
Loans Payable of a Real Estate VIE – Prior to September 30, 2017, the Partnership elected the fair value option to measure the loans payable of a real estate VIE at fair value. The fair values of the loans are primarily based on discounted cash flows analyses, which consider the liquidity and current financial condition of the real estate VIE. These loans are classified as Level III.
Fund Investments – The Partnership’s investments in external funds are valued based on its proportionate share of the net assets provided by the third party general partners of the underlying fund partnerships based on the most recent available information which typically has a lag of up to 90 days. The terms of the investments generally preclude the ability to redeem the investment. Distributions from these investments will be received as the underlying assets in the funds are liquidated, the timing of which cannot be readily determined.
22
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The changes in financial instruments measured at fair value for which the Partnership has used Level III inputs to determine fair value are as follows (Dollars in millions):
Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Other | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 9.7 | $ | 395.9 | $ | 3,500.1 | $ | 2.0 | $ | 222.9 | $ | 4,130.6 | |||||||||||
Purchases | 0.1 | 15.5 | 599.3 | — | 114.0 | 728.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Sales and distributions | — | (71.2 | ) | (98.3 | ) | (3.1 | ) | (20.5 | ) | (193.1 | ) | ||||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | (216.3 | ) | — | — | (216.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | 16.8 | (7.4 | ) | (9.6 | ) | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.5 | |||||||||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 0.2 | 14.2 | 86.5 | 0.1 | 5.9 | 106.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 26.8 | $ | 347.0 | $ | 3,861.7 | $ | 0.3 | $ | 322.7 | $ | 4,558.5 | |||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | 16.8 | $ | (5.6 | ) | $ | 0.8 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 1.3 | $ | 13.4 | ||||||||||
Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Other | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 10.3 | $ | 396.4 | $ | 3,485.6 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 152.6 | $ | 4,046.3 | |||||||||||
Purchases | 0.1 | 132.3 | 1,997.4 | — | 174.8 | 2,304.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Sales and distributions | (1.6 | ) | (227.5 | ) | (1,101.8 | ) | (3.0 | ) | (23.6 | ) | (1,357.5 | ) | |||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | (801.7 | ) | — | — | (801.7 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | 17.1 | (1.7 | ) | 16.3 | 1.7 | 6.5 | 39.9 | ||||||||||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 0.9 | 47.5 | 265.9 | 0.2 | 12.4 | 326.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 26.8 | $ | 347.0 | $ | 3,861.7 | $ | 0.3 | $ | 322.7 | $ | 4,558.5 | |||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | 22.1 | $ | 0.8 | $ | 22.5 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 7.4 | $ | 52.9 | |||||||||||
23
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Other | Investments in CLOs and other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 11.9 | $ | 407.8 | $ | 2,933.1 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 152.7 | $ | 3,505.6 | |||||||||||
Purchases | — | 45.3 | 352.0 | — | 1.0 | 398.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Sales and distributions | 0.1 | (66.3 | ) | (122.0 | ) | — | (2.2 | ) | (190.4 | ) | |||||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | (220.7 | ) | — | — | (220.7 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | (1.5 | ) | 4.1 | 18.4 | 1.6 | 8.7 | 31.3 | ||||||||||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | — | 5.5 | 21.5 | — | (2.9 | ) | 24.1 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 10.5 | $ | 396.4 | $ | 2,982.3 | $ | 1.7 | $ | 157.3 | $ | 3,548.2 | |||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | (1.3 | ) | $ | 3.5 | $ | 15.7 | $ | 0.3 | $ | 8.4 | $ | 26.6 | ||||||||||
Financial Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | Bonds | Loans | Partnership and LLC interests(2) | Other | Investments in CLOs and other | Restricted securities of Consolidated Funds | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 575.3 | $ | 1,180.9 | $ | 15,686.7 | $ | 59.6 | $ | 5.0 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 8.7 | $ | 17,517.6 | |||||||||||||||
Deconsolidation of funds(1) | (562.1 | ) | (890.7 | ) | (13,506.9 | ) | (74.3 | ) | (5.0 | ) | 123.8 | (8.7 | ) | (14,923.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases | 11.1 | 194.3 | 1,490.0 | 12.4 | — | 25.9 | — | 1,733.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and distributions | (5.1 | ) | (103.6 | ) | (249.9 | ) | — | — | (6.4 | ) | — | (365.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | (516.9 | ) | — | — | — | — | (516.9 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | (9.0 | ) | 5.9 | 42.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 26.9 | — | 70.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 0.3 | 9.6 | 37.0 | — | — | (14.3 | ) | — | 32.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 10.5 | $ | 396.4 | $ | 2,982.3 | $ | — | $ | 1.7 | $ | 157.3 | $ | — | $ | 3,548.2 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | $ | (7.0 | ) | $ | 5.1 | $ | 36.6 | $ | — | $ | 1.8 | $ | 26.9 | $ | — | $ | 63.4 | ||||||||||||||
(1) | As a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-2 and the deconsolidation of certain CLOs on January 1, 2016, $123.8 million of investments that the Partnership held in those CLOs are no longer eliminated in consolidation and are now included in investments in CLOs and other for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. |
(2) | As a result of the retrospective adoption of ASU 2015-7, the beginning balance of Partnership and LLC interests that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have been revised to reflect their exclusion from the fair value hierarchy. |
24
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | Contingent Consideration | Loans Payable of a real estate VIE | Total | ||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 3,721.2 | $ | 1.3 | $ | 72.6 | $ | 3,795.1 | |||||||
Paydowns | (2.3 | ) | — | — | (2.3 | ) | |||||||||
Deconsolidation of a real estate VIE | — | — | (72.6 | ) | (72.6 | ) | |||||||||
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | (21.1 | ) | — | — | (21.1 | ) | |||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 97.0 | — | — | 97.0 | |||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 3,794.8 | $ | 1.3 | $ | — | $ | 3,796.1 | |||||||
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | (24.1 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (24.1 | ) | |||||
Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | Contingent Consideration | Loans Payable of a real estate VIE | Total | ||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 3,866.3 | $ | 1.5 | $ | 79.4 | $ | 3,947.2 | |||||||
Borrowings | 1,569.0 | — | — | 1,569.0 | |||||||||||
Paydowns | (1,881.7 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (14.3 | ) | (1,896.4 | ) | |||||||
Deconsolidation of a real estate VIE | — | — | (72.6 | ) | (72.6 | ) | |||||||||
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | (49.4 | ) | 0.1 | 3.3 | (46.0 | ) | |||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 290.6 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 294.9 | |||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 3,794.8 | $ | 1.3 | $ | — | $ | 3,796.1 | |||||||
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | (53.6 | ) | $ | 0.1 | $ | — | $ | (53.5 | ) | |||||
25
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | Derivative Instruments of Consolidated Funds | Contingent Consideration | Loans Payable of a real estate VIE | Total | |||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 3,284.7 | $ | 0.3 | $ | 25.0 | $ | 81.7 | $ | 3,391.7 | |||||||||
Initial consolidation of funds | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Borrowings | 26.4 | — | — | — | 26.4 | ||||||||||||||
Paydowns | (99.0 | ) | — | (10.0 | ) | (10.4 | ) | (119.4 | ) | ||||||||||
Sales | — | (1.7 | ) | — | — | (1.7 | ) | ||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | 15.8 | 1.4 | (3.7 | ) | 7.1 | 20.6 | |||||||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 25.5 | — | 0.1 | 10.5 | 36.1 | ||||||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 3,253.4 | $ | — | $ | 11.4 | $ | 88.9 | $ | 3,353.7 | |||||||||
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | 19.5 | $ | — | $ | 0.1 | $ | 7.1 | $ | 26.7 | |||||||||
Financial Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds | Derivative Instruments of Consolidated Funds | Contingent Consideration | Loans Payable of a real estate VIE | Total | |||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 17,046.7 | $ | 29.1 | $ | 20.8 | $ | 75.4 | $ | 17,172.0 | |||||||||
Initial consolidation / deconsolidation of funds | (14,221.3 | ) | (29.0 | ) | — | — | (14,250.3 | ) | |||||||||||
Borrowings | 671.1 | — | — | — | 671.1 | ||||||||||||||
Paydowns | (331.4 | ) | — | (10.3 | ) | (27.3 | ) | (369.0 | ) | ||||||||||
Sales | — | (1.7 | ) | — | — | (1.7 | ) | ||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses, net | |||||||||||||||||||
Included in earnings | 43.8 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 20.9 | 67.1 | ||||||||||||||
Included in other comprehensive income | 44.5 | — | 0.1 | 19.9 | 64.5 | ||||||||||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 3,253.4 | $ | — | $ | 11.4 | $ | 88.9 | $ | 3,353.7 | |||||||||
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to financial liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | 36.6 | $ | — | $ | 0.5 | $ | 20.9 | $ | 58.0 | |||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains and losses included in earnings for Level III investments for investments in CLOs and other investments are included in investment income (loss), and such gains and losses for investments of Consolidated Funds and loans payable and derivative instruments of the CLOs are included in net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses included in earnings for Level III contingent consideration liabilities are included in other non-operating expense (income), and such gains and losses for loans payable of a real estate VIE are included in interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for all Level III financial asset and liabilities are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, non-controlling interests in consolidated entities and non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
26
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the Partnership’s Level III inputs as of September 30, 2017:
Fair Value at | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted Average) | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | September 30, 2017 | ||||||||
Assets | |||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||
Equity securities | $ | 24.9 | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | 6% - 10% (6%) | ||||
Exit Cap Rate | 7% - 10% (7%) | ||||||||
1.9 | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes ($ per share) | 28 - 28 (28) | ||||||
Bonds | 347.0 | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 65 - 110 (99) | |||||
Loans | 3,861.7 | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 49 - 102 (100) | |||||
Other | 0.3 | Counterparty Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Notional Amount) | 11 - 11 (11) | |||||
4,235.8 | |||||||||
Investments in CLOs and other: | |||||||||
Senior secured notes | 275.8 | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | 1% - 9% (3%) | |||||
Default Rates | 1% - 3% (2%) | ||||||||
Recovery Rates | 50% - 70% (60%) | ||||||||
Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 95 - 102 (100) | ||||||||
Subordinated notes and preferred shares | 44.0 | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | 8% - 10% (9%) | |||||
Default Rates | 1% - 3% (2%) | ||||||||
Recovery Rates | 50% - 70% (60%) | ||||||||
Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 71 - 97 (87) | ||||||||
Other | 2.9 | Comparable Multiple | LTM EBITDA Multiple | 6.3x - 6.3x (6.3x) | |||||
Total | $ | 4,558.5 | |||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||
Senior secured notes (1) | $ | 3,621.3 | Other | N/A | N/A | ||||
Subordinated notes and preferred shares (1) | 27.3 | Other | N/A | N/A | |||||
146.2 | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | 8% - 10% (9%) | ||||||
Default Rates | 1% - 3% (2%) | ||||||||
Recovery Rates | 50% - 70% (60%) | ||||||||
Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 79 - 94 (86) | ||||||||
Contingent consideration(2) | 1.3 | Other | N/A | N/A | |||||
Total | $ | 3,796.1 | |||||||
(1) | Beginning on January 1, 2016, CLO loan payables held by third party beneficial interest holders are measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLO and the beneficial interests held by the Partnership. |
(2) | Relates to contingent consideration associated with the Partnership's acquisitions. |
27
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the Partnership’s Level III inputs as of December 31, 2016:
Fair Value at | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input(s) | Range (Weighted Average) | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | December 31, 2016 | ||||||||
Assets | |||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||
Equity securities | $ | 9.6 | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rates | 9% - 10% (9%) | ||||
Exit Cap Rate | 7% - 9% (7%) | ||||||||
0.7 | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes ($ per share) | 10 - 10 (10) | ||||||
Bonds | 396.4 | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 74 - 108 (99) | |||||
Loans | 3,485.6 | Consensus Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 31 - 102 (99) | |||||
Other | 1.4 | Counterparty Pricing | Indicative Quotes (% of Notional Amount) | 6 - 8 (7) | |||||
3,893.7 | |||||||||
Investments in CLOs and other | |||||||||
Senior secured notes | 115.9 | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rate | 1% - 11% (2%) | |||||
Default Rates | 1% - 3% (2%) | ||||||||
Recovery Rates | 50% - 74% (71%) | ||||||||
Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 82 - 102 (99) | ||||||||
Subordinated notes and preferred shares | 35.4 | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rate | 9% - 14% (12%) | |||||
Default Rates | 1% - 10% (2%) | ||||||||
Recovery Rates | 50% - 74% (64%) | ||||||||
Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 2 - 101 (96) | ||||||||
Other | 1.3 | Comparable Multiple | LTM EBITDA Multiple | 5.7 x - 5.7x (5.7x) | |||||
Total | $ | 4,046.3 | |||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds: | |||||||||
Senior secured notes(1) | $ | 3,672.5 | Other | N/A | N/A | ||||
Subordinated notes and preferred shares(1) | 26.9 | Other | N/A | N/A | |||||
166.9 | Discounted Cash Flow with Consensus Pricing | Discount Rates | 9% - 14% (12%) | ||||||
Default Rates | 1% - 3% (2%) | ||||||||
Recovery Rates | 50% - 74% (66%) | ||||||||
Indicative Quotes (% of Par) | 7 - 90 (68) | ||||||||
Loans payable of a real estate VIE | 79.4 | Discounted Cash Flow | Discount to Expected Payment | 10% - 55% (37%) | |||||
Discount Rate | 20% - 30% (23%) | ||||||||
Contingent consideration(2) | 1.5 | Other | N/A | N/A | |||||
Total | $ | 3,947.2 | |||||||
(1) | Beginning on January 1, 2016, CLO loan payables held by third party beneficial interest holders are measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLOs and the beneficial interests held by the Partnership. |
(2) | Relates to contingent consideration associated with the Partnership's acquisitions. |
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Partnership’s investments in equity securities include EBITDA multiples, indicative quotes, discount rates and exit cap rates. Significant decreases in EBITDA multiples or indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant increases in discount rates or exit cap rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
28
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Partnership’s investments in bonds and loans are market yields and indicative quotes. Significant increases in market yields in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant decreases in indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Partnership’s investments in CLOs and other investments include EBITDA multiples, discount rates, default rates, recovery rates and indicative quotes. Significant decreases in EBITDA multiples, recovery rates or indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Significant increases in discount rates or default rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Partnership’s loans payable of Consolidated Funds are discount rates, default rates, recovery rates and indicative quotes. Significant increases in discount rates or default rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement, while a significant increase in recovery rates or indicative quotes in isolation would result in a significantly higher fair value.
4. Accrued Performance Fees
The components of accrued performance fees are as follows:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 2,130.9 | $ | 1,375.4 | |||
Real Assets | 624.3 | 483.4 | |||||
Global Market Strategies | 84.9 | 68.6 | |||||
Investment Solutions | 658.5 | 553.7 | |||||
Total | $ | 3,498.6 | $ | 2,481.1 | |||
Approximately 31% of accrued performance fees at September 30, 2017 are related to Carlyle Partners V, L.P. and Carlyle Partners VI, L.P., two of the Partnership's Corporate Private Equity funds.
Approximately 27% of accrued performance fees at December 31, 2016, are related to Carlyle Partners V, L.P. and Carlyle Asia Partners III, L.P., two of the Partnership’s Corporate Private Equity funds.
Accrued performance fees are shown gross of the Partnership’s accrued performance fee-related compensation (see Note 8), and accrued giveback obligations, which are separately presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The components of the accrued giveback obligations are as follows:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | (9.8 | ) | $ | (3.9 | ) | |
Real Assets | (57.8 | ) | (156.9 | ) | |||
Total | $ | (67.6 | ) | $ | (160.8 | ) | |
29
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Performance Fees
The performance fees included in revenues are derived from the following segments:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 159.6 | $ | 186.5 | $ | 1,147.4 | $ | 283.0 | |||||||
Real Assets | 74.5 | (19.1 | ) | 214.0 | 198.6 | ||||||||||
Global Market Strategies | 17.2 | 17.8 | 50.8 | 26.8 | |||||||||||
Investment Solutions | 34.3 | 29.5 | 98.6 | 62.4 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 285.6 | $ | 214.7 | $ | 1,510.8 | $ | 570.8 | |||||||
Approximately 39%, or $110.4 million, of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance fees, fund management fees, and investment income):
•Carlyle Partners V, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $39.7 million,
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $120.5 million,
•Carlyle U.S. Equity Opportunities Fund, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $(31.6) million, and
•Carlyle International Energy Partners, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $47.6 million.
Approximately 65%, or $979.9 million, of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance fees, fund management fees, and investment income):
•Carlyle Partners V, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $301.0 million,
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $615.0 million, and
•Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $271.3 million.
Approximately 50%, or $107.9 million, of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance fees, fund management fees, and investment income):
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $208.9 million,
•Carlyle Asia Partners III, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $(20.8) million, and
•Carlyle Realty Partners V, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $(50.9) million.
Approximately 59%, or $338.2 million, of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are related to the following funds along with total revenue recognized (total revenue includes performance fees, fund management fees, and investment income):
•Carlyle Partners V, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $129.7 million,
•Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (Corporate Private Equity segment) - $317.3 million, and
•Carlyle Realty Partners VII, L.P. (Real Assets segment) - $111.2 million.
30
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
5. Investments
Investments consist of the following:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Equity method investments, excluding accrued performance fees | $ | 1,157.7 | $ | 950.9 | |||
Investments in CLOs and other | 323.2 | 156.1 | |||||
Total investments | $ | 1,480.9 | $ | 1,107.0 | |||
Strategic Investment in NGP
In December 2012, the Partnership entered into an agreement with ECM Capital, L.P. (“ECM”) and Barclays Natural Resource Investments, a division of Barclays Bank PLC (“BNRI”), to make an investment in NGP Management Company, L.L.C. (“NGP Management” and, together with its affiliates, “NGP”), an Irving, Texas-based energy investor. The agreement was amended in March 2017 to further align the interests of the Partnership and NGP. The Partnership’s equity interests in NGP Management entitle the Partnership to an allocation of income equal to 55.0% of the management fee-related revenues of the NGP entities that serve as the advisors to certain private equity funds, and future interests in the general partners of certain future carry funds advised by NGP that entitle the Partnership to an allocation of income equal to 47.5% of the carried interest received by such fund general partners.
In consideration for these interests, the Partnership paid an aggregate of $504.6 million in cash to ECM and BNRI, and issued 996,572 Carlyle Holdings partnership units to ECM that vest ratably through 2017. In January 2016, the Partnership also paid contingent consideration to BNRI of $183.0 million, of which $63.0 million was paid in cash and $120.0 million was paid by a six year promissory note issued by the Partnership (see Note 7). The transaction also included contingent consideration payable to ECM comprised of up to $45.0 million in cash (of which $22.5 million was paid in March 2017 with the balance payable in January 2018), together with an additional $15.0 million in cash, which is payable in January 2018, and 597,944 Carlyle Holdings partnership units that were issued in December 2012 and substantially vested upon the amendment in March 2017. The Partnership has also agreed to issue common units on each of February 1, 2018, 2019, and 2020, with a value of $10.0 million per year to an affiliate of NGP Management, and subsequent to 2020, to issue common units on an annual basis with a value not to exceed $10.0 million per year based on a prescribed formula, which will vest over a 42-month period. The Partnership has the right to purchase the remaining equity interests in NGP Management in specific remote situations designed to protect the Partnership's interest.
The Partnership accounts for its investments in NGP under the equity method of accounting. The Partnership recorded its investments in NGP initially at cost, excluding any elements in the transaction that were deemed to be compensatory arrangements to NGP personnel. The Carlyle Holdings partnership units issued in the transaction and the deferred restricted common units (which were granted in 2012 to certain NGP personnel) were deemed to be compensatory arrangements; these elements are recognized as an expense under applicable U.S. GAAP.
31
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Partnership records investment income (loss) for its equity income allocation from NGP management fees and performance fees, and also records its share of any allocated expenses from NGP Management, expenses associated with the compensatory elements of the transaction, and the amortization of the basis differences related to the definitive-lived identifiable intangible assets of NGP Management. The net investment earnings (loss) recognized in the Partnership’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 21.3 | $ | 20.9 | $ | 58.9 | $ | 62.1 | |||||||
Performance fees | 7.4 | 37.9 | 62.7 | 47.6 | |||||||||||
Investment income | 1.6 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 10.8 | |||||||||||
Expenses | (10.6 | ) | (4.1 | ) | (46.2 | ) | (10.7 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of basis differences | (2.1 | ) | (13.8 | ) | (6.4 | ) | (41.4 | ) | |||||||
Net investment income | $ | 17.6 | $ | 47.3 | $ | 76.8 | $ | 68.4 | |||||||
The difference between the Partnership’s remaining carrying value of its investment and its share of the underlying net assets of the investee was $23.4 million and $29.8 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively; these differences are amortized over a period of 10 years from the initial investment date. In addition, net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes $27.7 million of accelerated expenses (that the Partnership otherwise would have incurred in the fourth quarter of 2017) as a result of the March 2017 amendment to acknowledge that the performance conditions related to the contingently issuable Carlyle Holdings partnership units had substantially been met ahead of the measurement date.
Equity Method Investments
The Partnership’s equity method investments include its fund investments in Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, Global Market Strategies, and Investment Solutions, typically as general partner interests, and its strategic investments in NGP (included within Real Assets), which are not consolidated. Investments are related to the following segments:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 370.3 | $ | 282.4 | |||
Real Assets | 729.7 | 622.8 | |||||
Global Market Strategies | 19.7 | 20.1 | |||||
Investment Solutions | 38.0 | 25.6 | |||||
Total | $ | 1,157.7 | $ | 950.9 | |||
32
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Investment Income (Loss)
The components of investment income (loss) are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Income from equity investments | $ | 35.9 | $ | 65.9 | $ | 140.2 | $ | 116.3 | |||||||
Income from investments in CLOs and other investments | 1.3 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 9.6 | |||||||||||
Other investment income | — | — | — | 0.3 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 37.2 | $ | 70.5 | $ | 142.5 | $ | 126.2 | |||||||
Carlyle’s income (loss) from its equity method investments is included in investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and consists of:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 8.8 | $ | 13.5 | $ | 38.4 | $ | 32.0 | |||||||
Real Assets | 24.1 | 52.5 | 95.7 | 89.9 | |||||||||||
Global Market Strategies | — | (0.5 | ) | 0.6 | (5.5 | ) | |||||||||
Investment Solutions | 3.0 | 0.4 | 5.5 | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 35.9 | $ | 65.9 | $ | 140.2 | $ | 116.3 | |||||||
Investments in CLOs and Other Investments
Investments in CLOs and other investments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 primarily consisted of $323.2 million and $156.1 million, respectively, of investments in CLO senior and subordinated notes, derivative instruments, and corporate mezzanine securities and bonds.
Investments of Consolidated Funds
The Partnership consolidates the financial positions and results of operations of certain CLOs in which it is the primary beneficiary. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership formed five CLOs for which the Partnership is the primary beneficiary of one of those CLOs. As of September 30, 2017, the total assets of this CLO included in the Partnership's condensed consolidated financial statements were approximately $522.7 million.
There were no individual investments with a fair value greater than five percent of the Partnership’s total assets for any period presented.
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds
The components of interest and other income of Consolidated Funds are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Interest income from investments | $ | 41.8 | $ | 40.0 | $ | 124.1 | $ | 101.6 | |||||||
Other income | 2.9 | 3.0 | 8.5 | 6.2 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 44.7 | $ | 43.0 | $ | 132.6 | $ | 107.8 | |||||||
33
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Net Investment Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Funds
Net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds include net realized gains (losses) from sales of investments and unrealized gains (losses) resulting from changes in fair value of the Consolidated Funds’ investments. The components of net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Gains (losses) from investments of Consolidated Funds | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 18.6 | $ | 27.1 | $ | 45.0 | ||||||
Gains (losses) from liabilities of CLOs | 21.1 | (15.9 | ) | 49.3 | (43.8 | ) | |||||||||
Gains on other assets of CLOs | — | 2.1 | — | 1.9 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 18.6 | $ | 4.8 | $ | 76.4 | $ | 3.1 | |||||||
The following table presents realized and unrealized gains (losses) earned from investments of the Consolidated Funds:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Realized losses | $ | (3.3 | ) | $ | — | $ | (9.1 | ) | $ | (9.6 | ) | ||||
Net change in unrealized gains | 0.8 | 18.6 | 36.2 | 54.6 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 18.6 | $ | 27.1 | $ | 45.0 | ||||||
6. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The following table summarizes the carrying amount of intangible assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Acquired contractual rights(1) | $ | 80.3 | $ | 74.1 | |||
Acquired trademarks(1) | 1.2 | 1.0 | |||||
Accumulated amortization | (54.5 | ) | (43.2 | ) | |||
Finite-lived intangible assets, net | 27.0 | 31.9 | |||||
Goodwill(1) | 11.0 | 10.1 | |||||
Intangible assets, net | $ | 38.0 | $ | 42.0 | |||
(1) Changes in the carrying amount of acquired contractual rights, acquired trademarks, and goodwill are due to foreign currency translation.
As of September 30, 2017, all of the remaining finite-lived intangible assets, net, and goodwill are associated with the Partnership's Investment Solutions segment.
As discussed in Note 2, the Partnership reviews its intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. No impairment losses were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Intangible asset amortization expense was $2.6 million and $11.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $7.6 million and $30.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
34
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the expected amortization expense for October 1, 2017 through December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions):
2017 | $ | 2.6 | |
2018 | 9.6 | ||
2019 | 5.9 | ||
2020 | 5.9 | ||
2021 | 3.0 | ||
$ | 27.0 | ||
7. Borrowings
The Partnership borrows and enters into credit agreements for its general operating and investment purposes. The Partnership’s debt obligations consist of the following (Dollars in millions):
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||
Borrowing Outstanding | Carrying Value | Borrowing Outstanding | Carrying Value | ||||||||||||
Senior Credit Facility Term Loan Due 5/05/2020 | $ | 25.0 | $ | 24.8 | $ | 25.0 | $ | 24.7 | |||||||
CLO Term Loans (See below) | 229.9 | 229.9 | 33.8 | 33.8 | |||||||||||
3.875% Senior Notes Due 2/01/2023 | 500.0 | 497.5 | 500.0 | 497.2 | |||||||||||
5.625% Senior Notes Due 3/30/2043 | 600.0 | 600.7 | 600.0 | 600.7 | |||||||||||
Promissory Note Due 1/01/2022 | 108.8 | 108.8 | 108.8 | 108.8 | |||||||||||
Promissory Notes Due 7/15/2019 | 53.9 | 53.9 | — | — | |||||||||||
Total debt obligations | $ | 1,517.6 | $ | 1,515.6 | $ | 1,267.6 | $ | 1,265.2 | |||||||
Senior Credit Facility
As of September 30, 2017, the senior credit facility included $25.0 million in a term loan and $750.0 million in a revolving credit facility. As of September 30, 2017, the term loan and revolving credit facility were scheduled to mature on May 5, 2020. Principal amounts outstanding under the term loan and revolving credit facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 0.75%, or (b) at LIBOR plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.75% (at September 30, 2017, the interest rate was 2.49%). There was no amount outstanding under the revolving credit facility at September 30, 2017. Interest expense under the senior credit facility was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The fair value of the outstanding balances of the term loan and revolving credit facility at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 approximated par value based on current market rates for similar debt instruments and are classified as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
On April 6, 2017, the Partnership borrowed $250.0 million against the $750.0 million revolving credit facility. This amount was repaid in full on June 2, 2017.
35
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
CLO Term Loans
For certain of our CLOs, the Partnership finances a portion of its investment in the CLOs through the proceeds received from term loans with financial institutions. The Partnership's outstanding CLO term loans consist of the following (Dollars in millions):
Formation Date | Borrowing Outstanding September 30, 2017 | Borrowing Outstanding December 31, 2016 | Maturity Date (1) | Interest Rate as of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||
October 3, 2013 | $ | — | (2) | $ | 13.2 | (2) | September 28, 2018 | NA | (3) | ||||||
June 7, 2016 | 20.6 | 20.6 | July 15, 2027 | 3.10% | (4) | ||||||||||
February 28, 2017 | 73.0 | — | September 21, 2029 | 2.33% | (5) | ||||||||||
April 19, 2017 | 22.8 | — | April 22, 2031 | 3.24% | (6) (12) | ||||||||||
June 28, 2017 | 23.1 | — | July 22, 2031 | 3.25% | (7) (12) | ||||||||||
July 20, 2017 | 24.4 | — | April 21, 2027 | 2.84% | (8) (12) | ||||||||||
August 2, 2017 | 22.8 | — | July 23, 2029 | 3.10% | (9) (12) | ||||||||||
August 2, 2017 | 20.6 | — | August 3, 2022 | 1.75% | (10) | ||||||||||
August 14, 2017 | 22.6 | — | August 15, 2030 | 3.16% | (11) (12) | ||||||||||
$ | 229.9 | $ | 33.8 | ||||||||||||
(1) Maturity date is earlier of date indicated or the date that the CLO is dissolved.
(2) Original borrowing of €12.6 million.
(3) Note paid off in the third quarter of 2017.
(4) | Incurs interest at the weighted average rate of the underlying senior notes. Interest income on the underlying collateral approximated the amount of interest expense and was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. |
(5) | Original borrowing of €61.8 million; incurs interest at EURIBOR plus applicable margins as defined in the agreement. |
(6) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.932%. |
(7) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.923%. |
(8) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.536%. |
(9) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.808%. |
(10) | Original borrowing of €17.4 million; incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.75% and has full recourse to the Partnership. |
(11) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.848%. |
(12) | Term loan issued under master credit agreement. |
The CLO term loans are secured by the Partnership's investments in the respective CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and generally do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity. Interest expense on these term loans was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The fair value of the outstanding balance of the CLO term loans at September 30, 2017 approximated par value based on current market rates for similar debt instruments. These CLO term loans are classified as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
European CLO Financing - February 28, 2017
On February 28, 2017, a subsidiary of the Partnership entered into a financing agreement with several financial institutions under which these financial institutions provided a €61.8 million term loan ($73.0 million at September 30, 2017) to the Partnership. This term loan is secured by the Partnership’s investments in the retained notes in certain European CLOs that were formed in 2014 and 2015. This term loan will mature on the earlier of September 21, 2029 or the date that the certain European CLO retained notes have been redeemed. The Partnership may prepay the term loan in whole or in part at any time after the third anniversary of the date of issuance without penalty. Prepayment of the term loan within the first three years will incur a penalty based on the prepayment amount. Interest on this term loan accrues at EURIBOR plus applicable margins (2.33% at September 30, 2017).
36
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Master Credit Agreement - Term Loans
In January 2017, the Partnership entered into a master credit agreement with a financial institution under which the financial institution expects to provide term loans to the Partnership for the purchase of eligible interests in CLOs. This agreement will terminate in January 2020. Any term loan to be issued under this master credit agreement will be secured by the Partnership’s investment in the respective CLO as well as any senior management fee and subordinated management fee payable by each CLO. Any term loan will bear interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread over LIBOR on the CLO notes and an applicable margin. Interest will be due quarterly.
3.875% Senior Notes
In January 2013, an indirect finance subsidiary of the Partnership issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.875% senior notes due February 1, 2023 at 99.966% of par. Interest is payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1, beginning August 1, 2013. This subsidiary may redeem the senior notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a price equal to the greater of 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed and the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on any notes being redeemed discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the Treasury rate plus 30 basis points plus accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amounts being redeemed to the redemption date.
Interest expense on the notes was $5.0 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and $14.9 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the notes, including accrued interest, was approximately $520.8 million and $512.8 million, respectively, based on indicative quotes. The notes are classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy.
5.625% Senior Notes
In March 2013, an indirect finance subsidiary of the Partnership issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% senior notes due March 30, 2043 at 99.583% of par. Interest is payable semi-annually on March 30 and September 30, beginning September 30, 2013. This subsidiary may redeem the senior notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time at a price equal to the greater of 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed and the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on any notes being redeemed discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the Treasury rate plus 40 basis points plus accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amounts being redeemed to the redemption date.
In March 2014, an indirect finance subsidiary of the Partnership issued $200.0 million of 5.625% Senior Notes due March 30, 2043 at 104.315% of par. These notes were issued as additional 5.625% Senior Notes and are treated as a single class with the already outstanding $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of these senior notes.
Interest expense on the notes was $8.4 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and $25.3 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the notes, including accrued interest, was approximately $688.7 million and $603.1 million, respectively, based on indicative quotes. The notes are classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy.
Promissory Notes
Promissory Note Due January 1, 2022
On January 1, 2016, the Partnership issued a $120.0 million promissory note to BNRI as a result of a contingent consideration arrangement entered into in 2012 between the Partnership and BNRI as part of the Partnership's strategic investment in NGP (see Note 5). Interest on the promissory note accrues at the three month LIBOR plus 2.50% (3.83% at September 30, 2017). The Partnership may prepay the promissory note in whole or in part at any time without penalty. The promissory note is scheduled to mature on January 1, 2022. Interest expense on the promissory note was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The fair value of the outstanding balance of the promissory note at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 approximated par value based on current market rates for similar debt instruments and is classified as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
37
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
In December 2016, the Partnership repurchased $11.2 million of the promissory note for a purchase price of approximately $9.0 million. Approximately $108.8 million of the promissory note is outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Promissory Notes Due July 15, 2019
In June 2017, as part of the settlement with investors in two commodities investment vehicles managed by an affiliate of the Partnership (disclosed in Note 9), the Partnership issued a series of promissory notes, aggregating to $53.9 million, to the investors of these commodities investment vehicles. Interest on these promissory notes accrues at the three month LIBOR plus 2% (3.33% at September 30, 2017). The Partnership may prepay these promissory notes in whole or in part at any time without penalty. These promissory notes are scheduled to mature on July 15, 2019. Interest expense on these promissory notes was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The fair value of the outstanding balance of these promissory notes at September 30, 2017 approximated par value based on current market rates for similar debt instruments and is classified as Level III within the fair value hierarchy.
Debt Covenants
The Partnership is subject to various financial covenants under its loan agreements including, among other items, maintenance of a minimum amount of management fee-earning assets. The Partnership is also subject to various non-financial covenants under its loan agreements and the indentures governing its senior notes. The Partnership was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under its various loan agreements as of September 30, 2017.
Loans Payable of Consolidated Funds
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds primarily represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs. Several of the CLOs issued preferred shares representing the most subordinated interest, however these tranches are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity dates of the senior secured loans payable, and as a result have been classified as liabilities and are included in loans payable of Consolidated Funds in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the following borrowings were outstanding, which includes preferred shares classified as liabilities (Dollars in millions):
As of September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||
Borrowing Outstanding | Fair Value | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years | |||||||||||
Senior secured notes | $ | 3,631.2 | $ | 3,621.3 | 2.24 | % | 11.49 | |||||||
Subordinated notes, preferred shares and other | 174.8 | 173.5 | N/A | (a) | 9.79 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 3,806.0 | $ | 3,794.8 | ||||||||||
As of December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||
Borrowing Outstanding | Fair Value | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years | |||||||||||
Senior secured notes | $ | 3,681.0 | $ | 3,672.5 | 2.45 | % | 10.22 | |||||||
Subordinated notes, preferred shares and other | 195.6 | 193.8 | N/A | (a) | 9.26 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 3,876.6 | $ | 3,866.3 | ||||||||||
(a) | The subordinated notes and preferred shares do not have contractual interest rates, but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the CLOs. |
38
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Loans payable of the CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the CLOs and the assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consisted of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the CLO assets was $4.5 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively.
8. Accrued Compensation and Benefits
Accrued compensation and benefits consist of the following:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Accrued performance fee-related compensation | $ | 1,803.9 | $ | 1,307.4 | |||
Accrued bonuses | 261.2 | 177.2 | |||||
Other | 110.0 | 177.2 | |||||
Total | $ | 2,175.1 | $ | 1,661.8 | |||
9. Commitments and Contingencies
Capital Commitments
The Partnership and its unconsolidated affiliates have unfunded commitments to entities within the following segments as of September 30, 2017 (Dollars in millions):
Unfunded Commitments | |||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 1,190.1 | |
Real Assets | 900.6 | ||
Global Market Strategies | 573.9 | ||
Investment Solutions | 165.5 | ||
Total | $ | 2,830.1 | |
Of the $2.8 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $2.5 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Partnership. In addition to these unfunded commitments, the Partnership may from time to time exercise its right to purchase additional interests in its investment funds that become available in the ordinary course of their operations.
Guaranteed Loans
On August 4, 2001, the Partnership entered into an agreement with a financial institution pursuant to which the Partnership is the guarantor on a credit facility for eligible employees investing in Carlyle sponsored funds. This credit facility renews on an annual basis, allowing for annual incremental borrowings up to an aggregate of $11.3 million, and accrues interest at the lower of the prime rate, as defined, or three-month LIBOR plus 3%, reset quarterly (4.30% weighted-average rate at September 30, 2017). As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, approximately $11.3 million and $9.6 million, respectively, were outstanding under the credit facility and payable by the employees. The amount funded by the Partnership under this guarantee as of September 30, 2017 was not material. The Partnership believes the likelihood of any material funding under this guarantee to be remote. The fair value of this guarantee is not significant to the consolidated financial statements.
Contingent Obligations (Giveback)
A liability for potential repayment of previously received performance fees of $67.6 million at September 30, 2017, is shown as accrued giveback obligations in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, representing the giveback obligation that
39
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
would need to be paid if the funds were liquidated at their current fair values at September 30, 2017. However, the ultimate giveback obligation, if any, generally is not paid until the end of a fund’s life or earlier if the giveback becomes fixed and early payment is agreed upon by the fund's partners (see Note 2). The Partnership has recorded $3.4 million and $5.6 million of unbilled receivables from former and current employees and senior Carlyle professionals as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, related to giveback obligations, which are included in due from affiliates and other receivables, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The receivables are collateralized by investments made by individual senior Carlyle professionals and employees in Carlyle-sponsored funds. In addition, $254.4 million and $356.9 million have been withheld from distributions of carried interest to senior Carlyle professionals and employees for potential giveback obligations as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Such amounts are held on behalf of the respective current and former Carlyle employees to satisfy any givebacks they may owe and are held by entities not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Current and former senior Carlyle professionals and employees are personally responsible for their giveback obligations. As of September 30, 2017, approximately $38.3 million of the Partnership's accrued giveback obligation is the responsibility of various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and the net accrued giveback obligation attributable to Carlyle Holdings is $29.3 million.
If, at September 30, 2017, all of the investments held by the Partnership’s Funds were deemed worthless, a possibility that management views as remote, the amount of realized and distributed carried interest subject to potential giveback would be $0.8 billion, on an after-tax basis where applicable.
Leases
The Partnership leases office space in various countries around the world and maintains its headquarters in Washington, D.C., where it leases its primary office space under a non-cancelable lease agreement expiring on July 31, 2026. Office leases in other locations expire in various years from 2017 through 2032. These leases are accounted for as operating leases. Rent expense was approximately $15.2 million and $13.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $43.4 million and $41.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in general, administrative and other expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The future minimum commitments for the leases are as follows (Dollars in millions):
2017 | $ | 12.6 | |
2018 | 48.1 | ||
2019 | 47.9 | ||
2020 | 47.4 | ||
2021 | 43.0 | ||
Thereafter | 334.6 | ||
$ | 533.6 | ||
The Partnership records contractual escalating minimum lease payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Deferred rent payable under the leases was $60.7 million and $60.3 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Legal Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Partnership is a party to litigation, investigations, inquiries, employment-related matters, disputes and other potential claims. Certain of these matters are described below. The Partnership is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible amount of loss or range of loss, in excess of amounts accrued, for the matters that have not been resolved. The Partnership does not believe it is probable that the outcome of any existing litigation, investigations, disputes or other potential claims will materially affect the Partnership or these financial statements in excess of amounts accrued. The Partnership believes that the claims asserted against the Partnership in the pending litigation matters described below are without merit and intends to vigorously contest such allegations.
40
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Along with many other companies and individuals in the financial sector, the Partnership and Carlyle Mezzanine Partners, L.P. (“CMP”) are named as defendants in Foy v. Austin Capital, a case filed in June 2009 in state court in New Mexico, which purports to be a qui tam suit on behalf of the State of New Mexico under the state Fraud Against Taxpayers Act (“FATA”). The suit alleges that investment decisions by New Mexico public investment funds were improperly influenced by campaign contributions and payments to politically connected placement agents. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, actual damages for lost income, rescission of the investment transactions described in the complaint and disgorgement of all fees received. In September 2017, the Court dismissed the lawsuit. On October 4, 2017, the qui tam plaintiffs appealed that ruling. The Attorney General may also pursue its own recovery from the defendants in the action.
Carlyle Capital Corporation Limited (“CCC”) was a fund sponsored by the Partnership that invested in AAA-rated residential mortgage backed securities on a highly leveraged basis. In March of 2008, amidst turmoil throughout the mortgage markets and money markets, CCC filed for insolvency protection in Guernsey. The Guernsey liquidators who took control of CCC in March 2008 filed a suit on July 7, 2010 against the Partnership, certain of its affiliates and the former directors of CCC in the Royal Court of Guernsey seeking more than $1.0 billion in damages in a case styled Carlyle Capital Corporation Limited v. Conway et al. On September 4, 2017, the Royal Court of Guernsey ruled that the Partnership and Directors of CCC acted reasonably and appropriately in the management and governance of CCC and that none of the Partnership, its affiliates or former directors of CCC had any liability. The liquidators have asked for additional time until December 5, 2017 to decide whether or not to appeal the trial court decision.
The Partnership currently is and expects to continue to be, from time to time, subject to examinations, formal and informal inquiries and investigations by various U.S. and non-U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, including but not limited to, the SEC, Department of Justice, state attorneys general, FINRA, National Futures Association and the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. The Partnership routinely cooperates with such examinations, inquiries and investigations, and they may result in the commencement of civil, criminal, or administrative or other proceedings against the Partnership or its personnel. For example, among various other requests for information, the SEC has requested information about: (i) the Partnership's historical practices relating to the acceleration of monitoring fees received from certain of the Partnership's funds' portfolio companies, and (ii) the Partnership's relationship with a third-party investment adviser to a registered investment company that has invested in various investment funds sponsored by the Partnership. The Partnership is cooperating fully with the SEC's inquiries.
During the year, the Partnership entered into settlement and purchase agreements with investors in a hedge fund and two structured finance vehicles managed by Vermillion related to investments of approximately $400 million in petroleum commodities that the Partnership believes were misappropriated by third parties outside the U.S. In total, the Partnership paid $265 million ($165 million of which was paid in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 with the remaining $100 million paid in 2016) to fully resolve all claims related to these matters and issued promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $54 million to repurchase the investors' interests in the two structured finance vehicles. In connection with these settlements, the Partnership also acquired certain rights to receive a portion of any proceeds obtained from marine cargo insurance policies and other efforts to pursue reimbursement for the misappropriation of petroleum. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership has recognized $74 million and $177 million, respectively, net of related recovery costs, in general liability insurance proceeds related to these settlements.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings and employment-related matters, and some of the matters discussed above involve claims for potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts of damages. Based on information known by management, management does not believe that as of the date of this filing the final resolutions of the matters above will have a material effect upon the Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements. However, given the potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts of damages sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of investigations and litigations, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material effect on the Partnership's financial results in any particular period.
The Partnership accrues an estimated loss contingency liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of September 30, 2017, the Partnership had recorded liabilities aggregating to approximately $35 million for litigation-related contingencies, regulatory examinations and inquiries, and other matters. The Partnership evaluates its outstanding legal and regulatory proceedings and other matters each quarter to assess its loss contingency accruals, and makes adjustments in such accruals, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management's best judgment after consultation with counsel. There is no assurance that the Partnership's accruals for loss
41
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
contingencies will not need to be adjusted in the future or that, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the accruals that the Partnership has recorded.
Transaction with Claren Road
On December 12, 2016, the Partnership signed an agreement with the founders of Claren Road Asset Management, LLC and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Claren Road”) to transfer all of the Partnership's 63% ownership interest in Claren Road to its founders. As a result of the transaction, the Partnership was also relieved of all of its obligations under the 2010 acquisition agreement, including any potential future obligations thereunder. This transaction closed on January 31, 2017. The Partnership recorded additional base compensation expense of approximately $25.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2016 associated with the transfer of the interests to Claren Road in addition to the disposition of approximately $4.4 million of intangible assets and approximately $10.8 million of potential future obligations. The remaining income before provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2016 was not material. The impact of this transaction on our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was not material. Claren Road was part of the Partnership's Global Market Strategies segment.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Partnership and its subsidiaries enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide general indemnifications. The Partnership’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Partnership that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Partnership believes the risk of material loss to be remote.
Risks and Uncertainties
Carlyle’s funds seek investment opportunities that offer the possibility of attaining substantial capital appreciation. Certain events particular to each industry in which the underlying investees conduct their operations, as well as general economic conditions, may have a significant negative impact on the Partnership’s investments and profitability. Such events are beyond the Partnership’s control, and the likelihood that they may occur and the effect on the Partnership cannot be predicted.
Furthermore, certain of the funds’ investments are made in private companies and there are generally no public markets for the underlying securities at the current time. The funds’ ability to liquidate their publicly-traded investments are often subject to limitations, including discounts that may be required to be taken on quoted prices due to the number of shares being sold. The funds’ ability to liquidate their investments and realize value is subject to significant limitations and uncertainties, including among others currency fluctuations and natural disasters.
The Partnership and the funds make investments outside of the United States. Investments outside the United States may be subject to less developed bankruptcy, corporate, partnership and other laws (which may have the effect of disregarding or otherwise circumventing the limited liability structures potentially causing the actions or liabilities of one fund or a portfolio company to adversely impact the Partnership or an unrelated fund or portfolio company). Non-U.S. investments are subject to the same risks associated with the Partnership’s U.S. investments as well as additional risks, such as fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, difficulties in managing non-U.S. investments, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws.
Furthermore, Carlyle is exposed to economic risk concentrations related to certain large investments as well as concentrations of investments in certain industries and geographies.
Additionally, the Partnership encounters credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of default by a counterparty in the Partnership’s investments in debt securities, loans, leases and derivatives that result from a borrower’s, lessee’s or derivative counterparty’s inability or unwillingness to make required or expected payments.
The Partnership considers cash, cash equivalents, securities, receivables, equity method investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other liabilities, loans, senior notes, assets and liabilities of Consolidated Funds and contingent and other consideration for acquisitions to be its financial instruments. Except for the senior notes, the carrying amounts reported in the
42
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
condensed consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments equal or closely approximate their fair values. The fair value of the senior notes is disclosed in Note 7.
10. Related Party Transactions
Due from Affiliates and Other Receivables, Net
The Partnership had the following due from affiliates and other receivables at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Unbilled receivable for giveback obligations from current and former employees | $ | 3.4 | $ | 5.6 | |||
Notes receivable and accrued interest from affiliates | 16.8 | 37.6 | |||||
Other receivables from unconsolidated funds and affiliates, net | 248.6 | 184.0 | |||||
Total | $ | 268.8 | $ | 227.2 | |||
Notes receivable represent loans that the Partnership has provided to certain unconsolidated funds to meet short-term obligations to purchase investments. Other receivables from certain of the unconsolidated funds and portfolio companies relate to management fees receivable from limited partners, advisory fees receivable and expenses paid on behalf of these entities. These costs represent costs related to the pursuit of actual or proposed investments, professional fees and expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of the investments. The affiliates are obligated at the discretion of the Partnership to reimburse the expenses. Based on management’s determination, the Partnership accrues and charges interest on amounts due from affiliate accounts at interest rates ranging up to 6.79% as of September 30, 2017. The accrued and charged interest to the affiliates was not significant for any period presented.
These receivables are assessed regularly for collectability and amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged directly to general, administrative and other expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A corresponding allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded and such amounts were not significant for any period presented.
Due to Affiliates
The Partnership had the following due to affiliates balances at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Due to affiliates of Consolidated Funds | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.2 | |||
Due to non-consolidated affiliates | 54.2 | 29.7 | |||||
Performance-based contingent cash consideration related to acquisitions | 34.3 | 36.1 | |||||
Amounts owed under the tax receivable agreement | 155.9 | 137.8 | |||||
Other | 19.7 | 19.8 | |||||
Total | $ | 264.3 | $ | 223.6 | |||
The Partnership has recorded obligations for amounts due to certain of its affiliates. The Partnership periodically offsets expenses it has paid on behalf of its affiliates against these obligations. The amount owed under the tax receivable agreement is related primarily to the acquisition by the Partnership of Carlyle Holdings partnership units in June 2015 and March 2014, respectively, the exchange in May 2012 by CalPERS of its Carlyle Holdings partnership units for Partnership common units, as well as certain unit exchanges by senior Carlyle professionals which began in the second quarter of 2017 (see Note 14).
43
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Other Related Party Transactions
In the normal course of business, the Partnership has made use of aircraft owned by entities controlled by senior Carlyle professionals. The senior Carlyle professionals paid for their purchases of aircraft and bear all operating, personnel and maintenance costs associated with their operation for personal use. Payment by the Partnership for the business use of these aircraft by senior Carlyle professionals and other employees, which is made at market rates, totaled $1.7 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $3.9 million and $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These fees are included in general, administrative, and other expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Senior Carlyle professionals and employees are permitted to participate in co-investment entities that invest in Carlyle funds or alongside Carlyle funds. In many cases, participation is limited by law to individuals who qualify under applicable legal requirements. These co-investment entities generally do not require senior Carlyle professionals and employees to pay management or performance fees, however, Carlyle professionals and employees are required to pay their portion of partnership expenses.
Carried interest income from the funds can be distributed to senior Carlyle professionals and employees on a current basis, but is subject to repayment by the subsidiary of the Partnership that acts as general partner of the fund in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The senior Carlyle professionals and certain other investment professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligation of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several and not joint and are limited to a particular individual’s distributions received.
The Partnership does business with some of its portfolio companies; all such arrangements are on a negotiated basis.
Substantially all revenue is earned from affiliates of Carlyle.
11. Income Taxes
The Partnership is generally organized as a series of pass through entities pursuant to the United States Internal Revenue Code. As such, the Partnership is not responsible for the tax liability due on certain income earned during the year. Such income is taxed at the unitholder and non-controlling interest holder level, and any income tax is the responsibility of the unitholders and is paid at that level. For income taxes on income earned for which the Partnership is responsible for the tax liability, the Partnership’s income tax expense (benefit) was $(1.3) million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $17.7 million and $32.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In the normal course of business, the Partnership is subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. With a few exceptions, as of September 30, 2017, the Partnership’s U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2014 through 2016 are open under the normal three-year statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. State and local tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2012 to 2016. Foreign tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2009 to 2016. Certain of the Partnership’s affiliates are currently under audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. Currently, the Internal Revenue Service is examining the tax returns of certain subsidiaries for the 2013, 2014, and 2015 years.
The Partnership does not believe that the outcome of these audits will require it to record reserves for uncertain tax positions or that the outcome will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Partnership does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
44
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
12. Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities
The components of the Partnership’s non-controlling interests in consolidated entities are as follows:
As of | |||||||
September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Non-Carlyle interests in Consolidated Funds | $ | 23.5 | $ | 13.5 | |||
Non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries | 349.0 | 331.7 | |||||
Non-controlling interest in carried interest, giveback obligations and cash held for carried interest distributions | 2.2 | (67.4 | ) | ||||
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | $ | 374.7 | $ | 277.8 | |||
The components of the Partnership’s non-controlling interests in income (loss) of consolidated entities are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Non-Carlyle interests in Consolidated Funds | $ | 8.2 | $ | (1.2 | ) | $ | 8.1 | $ | 0.2 | ||||||
Non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries | 11.0 | (24.7 | ) | 22.5 | (21.6 | ) | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest in carried interest, giveback obligations and cash held for carried interest distributions | 8.4 | (3.4 | ) | 16.8 | (8.5 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to other non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 27.6 | (29.3 | ) | 47.4 | (29.9 | ) | |||||||||
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | — | 0.2 | — | 0.1 | |||||||||||
Non-controlling interests in income (loss) of consolidated entities | $ | 27.6 | $ | (29.1 | ) | $ | 47.4 | $ | (29.8 | ) | |||||
13. Earnings Per Common Unit
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common unit are calculated as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||
Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 44,600,000 | $ | 44,600,000 | $ | 185,200,000 | $ | 185,200,000 | |||||||
Incremental net income from assumed exchange of Carlyle Holdings partnership units | — | 97,800,000 | — | — | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to common units | $ | 44,600,000 | $ | 142,400,000 | $ | 185,200,000 | $ | 185,200,000 | |||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding | 95,198,102 | 334,392,424 | 89,815,112 | 97,538,190 | |||||||||||
Net income per common unit | $ | 0.47 | $ | 0.43 | $ | 2.06 | $ | 1.90 | |||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | ||||||||||||||
Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 800,000 | $ | 800,000 | $ | 15,300,000 | $ | 15,300,000 | |||||||
Incremental net income (loss) from assumed exchange of Carlyle Holdings partnership units | — | (5,700,000 | ) | — | 8,100,000 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common units | $ | 800,000 | $ | (4,900,000 | ) | $ | 15,300,000 | $ | 23,400,000 | ||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding | 83,602,503 | 312,534,968 | 82,062,633 | 306,981,103 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) per common unit | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
45
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The weighted-average common units outstanding, basic and diluted, are calculated as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||
Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||
The Carlyle Group L.P. weighted-average common units outstanding | 95,198,102 | 95,198,102 | 89,815,112 | 89,815,112 | |||||||
Unvested deferred restricted common units | — | 7,756,460 | — | 7,125,134 | |||||||
Issuable Carlyle Holdings Partnership units | — | 597,944 | — | 597,944 | |||||||
Weighted-average vested Carlyle Holdings Partnership units | — | 228,839,164 | — | — | |||||||
Unvested Carlyle Holdings Partnership units | — | 2,000,754 | — | — | |||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding | 95,198,102 | 334,392,424 | 89,815,112 | 97,538,190 | |||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | ||||||||||
Basic | Diluted | Basic | Diluted | ||||||||
The Carlyle Group L.P. weighted-average common units outstanding | 83,602,503 | 83,602,503 | 82,062,633 | 82,062,633 | |||||||
Unvested deferred restricted common units | — | 3,569,302 | — | 3,181,825 | |||||||
Weighted-average vested Carlyle Holdings Partnership units | — | 224,826,988 | — | 221,377,938 | |||||||
Unvested Carlyle Holdings Partnership units | — | 536,175 | — | 358,707 | |||||||
Weighted-average common units outstanding | 83,602,503 | 312,534,968 | 82,062,633 | 306,981,103 | |||||||
The Carlyle Group L.P. weighted-average common units outstanding includes vested deferred restricted common units and common units associated with acquisitions that have been earned for which issuance of the related common units is deferred until future periods.
The Partnership applies the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted-average common units represented by the unvested deferred restricted common units. Also included in the determination of dilutive weighted-average common units are issuable Carlyle Holdings partnership units associated with the Partnership's strategic investments in NGP.
The Partnership applies the “if-converted” method to the vested Carlyle Holdings partnership units to determine the dilutive weighted-average common units outstanding. The Partnership applies the treasury stock method to the unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units and the “if-converted” method on the resulting number of additional Carlyle Holdings partnership units to determine the dilutive weighted-average common units represented by the unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units.
In computing the dilutive effect that the exchange of Carlyle Holdings partnership units would have on earnings per common unit, the Partnership considered that net income available to holders of common units would increase due to the elimination of non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings (including any tax impact). Based on these calculations, 228,839,164 of vested Carlyle Holdings partnership units and 2,000,754 of unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were dilutive. As a result, net income of non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings associated with the assumed exchange of $97.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 has been included in net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. for purposes of the dilutive earnings per common unit calculation. Further, 227,315,486 of vested Carlyle Holdings partnership units and 1,963,185 of unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were antidilutive, and therefore have been excluded.
Further, based on these calculations, 224,826,988 and 221,377,938 of vested Carlyle Holdings partnership units and 536,175 and 358,707 of unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were dilutive. As a result, a net (loss) income of non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings associated with the assumed exchange of $(5.7) million and $8.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 have been included in net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. for purposes of the dilutive earnings per common unit calculation.
On August 1, 2013, as part of acquiring the remaining 40% equity interests in AlpInvest, the Partnership issued 914,087 common units that are subject to vesting conditions. As of September 30, 2017, 7,782 common units remain unvested. The common units participate immediately in any Partnership distributions. Under ASC 260, these common units are considered
46
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
participating securities and are required to be included in the computation of earnings per common unit pursuant to the two-class method.
14. Equity and Equity-Based Compensation
Preferred Unit Issuance
On September 13, 2017, the Partnership issued 16,000,000 of 5.875% Series A Preferred Units (the “Preferred Units”) for gross proceeds of $400.0 million, or $387.6 million, net of issuance costs and expenses. The Partnership plans to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Preferred Units for general corporate purposes, including to fund investments.
Distributions on the Preferred Units will be payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2017, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership, at a rate per annum of 5.875%. Distributions on the Preferred Units are discretionary and non-cumulative.
Subject to certain exceptions, unless distributions have been declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment on the Preferred Units for a quarterly distribution period, during the remainder of that distribution period, the Partnership may not repurchase any common units or any other units that are junior in rank to the Preferred Units and the Partnership may not declare or pay or set apart payment for distributions on any common or junior units for the remainder of that distribution period, other than (i) distributions of tax distribution amounts received from Carlyle Holdings in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreements of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships as in effect on the date the Preferred Units were first issued, (ii) the net unit settlement of equity-based awards granted under The Carlyle Group L.P. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”) (or any successor or any similar plan) in order to satisfy associated tax obligations, or (iii) distributions paid in junior units or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase other units or with proceeds from the substantially concurrent sale of junior units. These restrictions are not applicable during the period from original issue date to, but excluding, December 15, 2017.
The Preferred Units may be redeemed at the Partnership’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 15, 2022 at a price of $25.00 per Preferred Unit, plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared distributions. Holders of the Preferred Units have no right to require the redemption of the Preferred Units and there is no maturity date.
If a change of control event or tax redemption event occurs prior to September 15, 2022, the Partnership may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Units, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such change in control event or such tax redemption event, as applicable, at a price of $25.25 per Preferred Unit, plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared distributions. If (i) a change of control event occurs (whether before, on or after September 15, 2022) and (ii) the Partnership does not give notice prior to the 31st day following the change in control event to redeem all the outstanding Preferred Units, the distribution rate per annum on the Preferred Units will increase by 5.00%, beginning on the 31st day following such change in control event.
If a rating agency event occurs prior to September 15, 2022, the Partnership may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Units, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such rating agency event, as applicable, at a price of $25.50 per Preferred Unit, plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared distributions.
The Preferred Units are not convertible into common units or any other class or series of interests or any other security. Holders of the Preferred Units will generally have no voting rights and have none of the voting rights given to holders of the Partnership’s common units, except as otherwise provided in the Partnership's limited partnership agreement.
Unit Repurchase Program
In February 2016, the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units. Under this unit repurchase program, units may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The Partnership expects that the majority of repurchases under this program will be done via open market transactions. No units will be repurchased from the Partnership's executive officers under this program. The timing and actual number of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings
47
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
units repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This unit repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership paid an aggregate of $0.2 million to repurchase and retire 14,190 units with all of the repurchases done via open market transactions. There were no unit repurchases for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Since inception of this program, the Partnership has paid an aggregate of $59.1 million to repurchase and retire 3.7 million units.
Quarterly Unit Exchange Program
Beginning in the second quarter of 2017, current and former senior Carlyle professionals are able to exchange their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units on a quarterly basis, subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, current and former senior Carlyle professionals exchanged 1,646,980 and 4,634,232, respectively, Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units, resulting in a reallocation of capital of $9.2 million and $23.2 million, respectively, from non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings to partners' capital and accumulated other comprehensive loss. None of Carlyle's named executive officers participated in the quarterly unit exchange.
Equity-Based Compensation
In May 2012, Carlyle Group Management L.L.C., the general partner of the Partnership, adopted the Equity Incentive Plan. The Equity Incentive Plan is a source of equity-based awards permitting the Partnership to grant to Carlyle employees, directors of the Partnership’s general partner and consultants non-qualified options, unit appreciation rights, common units, restricted common units, deferred restricted common units, phantom restricted common units and other awards based on the Partnership’s common units and Carlyle Holdings partnership units. The total number of the Partnership’s common units and Carlyle Holdings partnership units which were initially available for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan was 30,450,000. The Equity Incentive Plan contains a provision which automatically increases the number of the Partnership’s common units and Carlyle Holdings partnership units available for grant based on a pre-determined formula; this increase occurs annually on January 1. As of January 1, 2017, pursuant to the formula, the total number of the Partnership’s common units and Carlyle Holdings partnership units available for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan was 32,645,874.
Unvested Partnership Common Units
On August 1, 2013, the Partnership acquired the remaining 40% equity interest in AlpInvest. As part of the transaction, the Partnership issued 914,087 common units to AlpInvest sellers who are employees of the Partnership that are subject to vesting conditions. These common units were unvested at grant and vest over a period of up to five years. The unvested common units are accounted for as equity-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The grant-date fair value of the unvested common units is charged to equity-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the required service period. For three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the expense associated with these awards was not material.
As of September 30, 2017, the total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested common units was not material and is expected to be recognized within the year.
Unvested Carlyle Holdings Partnership Units
Unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units are held by senior Carlyle professionals and other individuals engaged in Carlyle’s business and generally vest ratably over a six-year period. The unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units are accounted for as equity-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718. The grant-date fair value of the unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units are charged to equity-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the required service period. The Partnership recorded equity-based compensation expense associated with these awards of $42.7 million and $40.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $121.7 million and $147.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. No tax benefits have been recorded related to the unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units, as the vesting of these units does not result in a tax deduction to the corporate taxpayers.
In connection with the Partnership’s investment in NGP Management in December 2012, the Partnership issued 996,572 Carlyle Holdings partnership units to ECM Capital, L.P. which vest ratably over a period of five years. The Partnership also issued 597,944 Carlyle Holdings partnership units to ECM Capital, L.P. that were issued at closing but vest upon the
48
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
achievement of performance conditions. As disclosed in Note 5, the performance condition was removed as part of the March 2017 agreement with NGP. The fair value of these units will be recognized as a reduction to the Partnership’s investment income in NGP Management over the relevant service period, based on the fair value of the units on each reporting date and adjusted for the actual fair value of the units at each vesting date. For the periods prior to 2017 for Carlyle Holdings partnership units that vest based on the achievement of performance conditions, the Partnership used the minimum number of partnership units within the range of potential values for measurement and recognition purposes.
As of September 30, 2017, the total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units is $100.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 0.6 years.
Deferred Restricted Common Units
The deferred restricted common units are unvested when granted and vest ratably over a service period, which ranges up to six years. The grant-date fair value of the deferred restricted common units granted to Carlyle’s employees is charged to equity-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the required service period. Additionally, the calculation of the expense assumes a per unit discount that generally ranges up to 40%, as these unvested awards do not participate in any Partnership distributions. The Partnership recorded compensation expense of $38.1 million and $40.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with $4.6 million and $4.4 million of corresponding deferred tax benefits, respectively. The Partnership recorded compensation expense of $119.9 million and $116.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively with $14.0 million and $13.5 million of corresponding deferred tax benefits, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested deferred restricted common units is $190.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 2.0 years.
Equity-based awards issued to non-employees are recognized as general, administrative and other expenses. The expense associated with the deferred restricted common units granted to NGP personnel by the Partnership are recognized as a reduction of the Partnership’s investment income in NGP Management. The grant-date fair value of deferred restricted common units granted to Carlyle’s non-employee directors is charged to expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The cost of services received in exchange for an equity-based award issued to consultants is measured at each vesting date. Equity-based awards that require the satisfaction of future service criteria are recognized over the relevant service period based on the fair value of the award on each reporting date and adjusted for the actual fair value of the award at each vesting date. The expense for equity-based awards issued to non-employees was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
A summary of the status of the Partnership’s non-vested equity-based awards as of September 30, 2017 and a summary of changes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, are presented below:
Carlyle Holdings | The Carlyle Group L.P. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Settled Awards | Cash Settled Awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unvested Units | Partnership Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Deferred Restricted Common Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Unvested Common Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Phantom Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2016 | 17,240,000 | $ | 22.22 | 16,705,920 | $ | 19.21 | 38,911 | $ | 21.67 | 2,520 | $ | 34.81 | |||||||||||||||
Granted | — | $ | — | 8,226,461 | $ | 14.14 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
Vested | 8,145,924 | $ | 22.22 | 8,288,838 | $ | 19.67 | 31,129 | $ | 21.53 | 2,520 | $ | 34.81 | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited | 437,314 | $ | 22.22 | 453,461 | $ | 20.22 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
Balance, September 30, 2017 | 8,656,762 | $ | 22.00 | 16,190,082 | $ | 16.77 | 7,782 | $ | 22.22 | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
49
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
15. Deconsolidation of a Real Estate Development Company
The Partnership, indirectly through certain Carlyle real estate investment funds, had an investment in Urbplan Desenvolvimento Urbano S.A. (“Urbplan”), a Brazilian residential subdivision and land development company. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership disposed of its interests in Urbplan in a transaction with a third party. The third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan in the transaction. Since the Partnership is no longer the primary beneficiary of Urbplan, Urbplan was deconsolidated from the Partnership's financial results. The Partnership recorded a pre-tax loss upon deconsolidation of $65 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017, which includes the impact of deconsolidation, the terms of the transaction with the third party and related reserves. The loss is recorded in interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Excluding the effect of this transaction, Urbplan's income before provision for income taxes prior to the transaction in the three months ended September 30, 2017 was not material to the Partnership's consolidated financial statements.
The Partnership concluded that Urbplan was a VIE as of September 30, 2013 because Urbplan’s equity investment at risk was not sufficient to permit it to finance its activities without additional financial support. The Partnership also concluded that it was the primary beneficiary of Urbplan. As such, the Partnership began consolidating Urbplan into its consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2013. Due to the timing and availability of financial information from Urbplan, the Partnership consolidated the financial position and results of operations of Urbplan on a financial reporting lag of 90 days. The assets and liabilities of Urbplan were held in legal entities separate from the Partnership; the Partnership did not guarantee or assume any obligation for repayment of Urbplan’s liabilities nor were the assets of Urbplan available to meet the liquidity requirements of the Partnership.
Urbplan is party to various claims, litigation, government investigations and proceedings, including disputes with creditors and customers. The Partnership does not believe it is probable that the outcome of any Urbplan litigation, disputes or other potential claims will materially affect the Partnership or these consolidated financial statements.
The assets and liabilities recognized in the Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 related to Urbplan were as follows:
As of | |||
December 31, 2016 | |||
(Dollars in millions) | |||
Receivables and inventory of a real estate VIE: | |||
Customer and other receivables | $ | 99.4 | |
Inventory costs in excess of billings and advances | 46.0 | ||
$ | 145.4 | ||
Other assets of a real estate VIE: | |||
Restricted investments | $ | 12.7 | |
Fixed assets, net | 0.2 | ||
Deferred tax assets | 9.1 | ||
Other assets | 9.5 | ||
$ | 31.5 | ||
Loans payable of a real estate VIE at fair value (principal amount of $144.4 million as of December 31, 2016) | $ | 79.4 | |
Other liabilities of a real estate VIE: | |||
Accounts payable | $ | 14.6 | |
Other liabilities | 109.9 | ||
$ | 124.5 | ||
50
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The revenues and expenses recognized in the Partnership’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 related to Urbplan were as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||
(Dollars in millions) | |||
Revenue of a real estate VIE: | |||
Land development services | $ | 104.6 | |
Investment income | 4.4 | ||
$ | 109.0 | ||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE: | |||
Costs of products sold and services rendered | $ | 64.4 | |
Interest expense | 18.5 | ||
Change in fair value of loans payable | (6.6 | ) | |
Compensation and benefits | 2.8 | ||
G&A and other expenses | 58.9 | ||
Loss on deconsolidation | 64.5 | ||
$ | 202.5 | ||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||
(Dollars in millions) | |||
Revenue of a real estate VIE: | |||
Land development services | $ | 35.5 | |
Investment income | 26.0 | ||
$ | 61.5 | ||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE: | |||
Costs of products sold and services rendered | $ | 18.9 | |
Interest expense | 36.2 | ||
Change in fair value of loans payable | (2.6 | ) | |
Compensation and benefits | 5.5 | ||
G&A and other expenses | 99.9 | ||
$ | 157.9 | ||
The following is a summary of the significant classifications of revenues and expenses of Urbplan:
Revenue of a real estate VIE – This balance consisted primarily of amounts earned for land development services using the completed contract method and investment income earned on Urbplan’s investments. Under the completed contract method of accounting, revenue was not recorded until the period in which the land development services contract is completed.
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation – This balance consisted primarily of interest expense on Urbplan’s borrowings, general and administrative expenses, compensation and benefits, costs associated with land development services, and the loss incurred upon the deconsolidation of Urbplan during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Also included in this caption was the change in the Partnership’s estimate of the fair value of Urbplan’s loans payable during the period. Interest expense is recorded on Urbplan’s borrowings at variable rates as defined. Costs related to Urbplan’s land development services activities were capitalized until the services are complete. Costs associated with advertising, marketing and other selling activities were expensed when incurred.
51
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
16. Segment Reporting
Carlyle conducts its operations through four reportable segments:
Corporate Private Equity – The Corporate Private Equity segment is comprised of the Partnership’s operations that advise a diverse group of funds that invest in buyout and growth capital transactions that focus on either a particular geography or a particular industry.
Real Assets – The Real Assets segment is comprised of the Partnership’s operations that advise U.S. and international funds focused on real estate, infrastructure, energy and renewable energy transactions.
Global Market Strategies – The Global Market Strategies segment advises a group of funds that pursue investment opportunities across various types of credit, equities and alternative instruments, and (as regards certain macroeconomic strategies) currencies, and interest rate products and their derivatives. We have now completed the exit of our hedge fund investment advisory and commodities investment advisory businesses.
Investment Solutions – The Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities through AlpInvest. This segment also includes Metropolitan, a global manager of real estate fund of funds and related co-investment and secondary activities, and for the three months ended March 31, 2016, Diversified Global Asset Management ("DGAM"). The Partnership wound down the operations of DGAM throughout 2016.
The Partnership’s reportable business segments are differentiated by their various investment focuses and strategies. Overhead costs are generally allocated based on direct base compensation expense for each segment. The Partnership includes adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016). Effective January 1, 2016, the Partnership's economic interest in Claren Road increased from 55% to 63% as a result of reallocation of interest from a departing founder. On January 31, 2017, the Partnership transferred all of its economic interests in Claren Road to its founders (see Note 9). The Partnership’s earnings from its investment in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions within the Real Assets segment. The net income or loss from the consolidation of Urbplan allocable to the Partnership (after consideration of amounts allocable to non-controlling interests) is presented within investment income in the Real Assets segment until the three months ended September 30, 2017 when Urbplan was deconsolidated from the Partnership's financial results (See Note15).
Economic Net Income (“ENI”) and its components are key performance measures used by management to make operating decisions and assess the performance of the Partnership’s reportable segments. ENI differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes certain tax expenses associated with performance fees, and does not include net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interests in consolidated entities or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges associated with equity-based compensation that was issued in the initial public offering in May 2012 or is issued in acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent consideration issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance.
Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is a component of ENI and is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of ENI and also adjusts ENI to exclude net performance fees, investment income from investments in Carlyle funds, equity-based compensation and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.
Distributable Earnings (“DE”) is FRE plus realized net performance fees and realized investment income, and is used to assess performance and amounts potentially available for distribution. DE is used by management primarily in making resource deployment and compensation decisions across the Partnership’s four reportable segments. Management also uses Distributable Earnings in our budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of our segments. Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of the Partnership’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that is presented without the consolidation of any of the Consolidated Funds. Consequently, the key performance measures discussed above and all segment data exclude the assets, liabilities and operating results related to the Consolidated Funds.
52
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the financial data for the Partnership’s four reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Market Strategies | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 118.3 | $ | 71.4 | $ | 47.6 | $ | 41.1 | $ | 278.4 | |||||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | — | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 5.3 | 0.8 | — | — | 6.1 | ||||||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 127.2 | 72.6 | 47.7 | 41.1 | 288.6 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 345.4 | 20.4 | 15.0 | 30.2 | 411.0 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | (193.2 | ) | 60.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | (125.6 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total performance fees | 152.2 | 81.2 | 17.6 | 34.4 | 285.4 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 6.5 | (64.6 | ) | 4.7 | — | (53.4 | ) | ||||||||||||
Unrealized | 4.1 | 12.4 | — | 1.6 | 18.1 | ||||||||||||||
Total investment income (loss) | 10.6 | (52.2 | ) | 4.7 | 1.6 | (35.3 | ) | ||||||||||||
Interest income | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 5.4 | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 293.4 | 103.2 | 73.1 | 77.8 | 547.5 | ||||||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 65.3 | 24.5 | 23.0 | 19.7 | 132.5 | ||||||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 18.3 | 14.8 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 44.8 | ||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 14.5 | 8.7 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 30.4 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 147.7 | 9.2 | 7.3 | 29.9 | 194.1 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | (76.1 | ) | 21.6 | 0.8 | (2.0 | ) | (55.7 | ) | |||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 169.7 | 78.8 | 42.9 | 54.7 | 346.1 | ||||||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 20.5 | 10.5 | (63.6 | ) | 6.1 | (26.5 | ) | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 4.1 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 8.2 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 7.0 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 1.6 | 17.0 | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 201.3 | 95.4 | (15.2 | ) | 63.3 | 344.8 | |||||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 92.1 | $ | 7.8 | $ | 88.3 | $ | 14.5 | $ | 202.7 | |||||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 80.6 | 50.4 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 147.0 | ||||||||||||||
(-) Investment Income (Loss) | 10.6 | (52.2 | ) | 4.7 | 1.6 | (35.3 | ) | ||||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 14.5 | 8.7 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 30.4 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (12.5 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (4.1 | ) | (2.6 | ) | (25.0 | ) | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 2.9 | $ | 12.5 | $ | 75.1 | $ | 5.9 | $ | 96.4 | |||||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 197.7 | 11.2 | 7.7 | 0.3 | 216.9 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss) | 6.5 | (64.6 | ) | 4.7 | — | (53.4 | ) | ||||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 207.1 | $ | (40.9 | ) | $ | 87.5 | $ | 6.2 | $ | 259.9 | ||||||||
53
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2017 and the Nine Months Then Ended | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Market Strategies | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 351.7 | $ | 185.6 | $ | 140.8 | $ | 113.1 | $ | 791.2 | |||||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 11.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | — | 13.0 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 14.2 | 0.8 | — | — | 15.0 | ||||||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 377.8 | 187.0 | 141.3 | 113.1 | 819.2 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 668.8 | 73.6 | 37.8 | 66.5 | 846.7 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | 465.0 | 200.1 | 15.5 | 32.1 | 712.7 | ||||||||||||||
Total performance fees | 1,133.8 | 273.7 | 53.3 | 98.6 | 1,559.4 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 15.6 | (72.4 | ) | 8.6 | — | (48.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Unrealized | 22.9 | 24.4 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 54.7 | ||||||||||||||
Total investment income (loss) | 38.5 | (48.0 | ) | 12.9 | 3.1 | 6.5 | |||||||||||||
Interest income | 3.7 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 0.9 | 11.2 | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 4.2 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 0.3 | 11.4 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 1,558.0 | 416.0 | 217.7 | 216.0 | 2,407.7 | ||||||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 175.4 | 61.6 | 55.3 | 51.9 | 344.2 | ||||||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 55.0 | 45.6 | 20.9 | 11.9 | 133.4 | ||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 47.3 | 26.8 | 16.9 | 6.2 | 97.2 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 295.4 | 33.4 | 18.2 | 65.4 | 412.4 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | 221.1 | 60.1 | 6.9 | 18.4 | 306.5 | ||||||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 794.2 | 227.5 | 118.2 | 153.8 | 1,293.7 | ||||||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 83.9 | 52.6 | (18.6 | ) | 21.6 | 139.5 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 11.5 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 23.2 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 21.1 | 12.7 | 10.0 | 4.6 | 48.4 | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 910.7 | 298.1 | 113.4 | 182.6 | 1,504.8 | ||||||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 647.3 | $ | 117.9 | $ | 104.3 | $ | 33.4 | $ | 902.9 | |||||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 617.3 | 180.2 | 28.2 | 14.8 | 840.5 | ||||||||||||||
(-) Investment Income (Loss) | 38.5 | (48.0 | ) | 12.9 | 3.1 | 6.5 | |||||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 47.3 | 26.8 | 16.9 | 6.2 | 97.2 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (12.5 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (4.1 | ) | (2.6 | ) | (25.0 | ) | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 26.3 | $ | 6.7 | $ | 76.0 | $ | 19.1 | $ | 128.1 | |||||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 373.4 | 40.2 | 19.6 | 1.1 | 434.3 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss) | 15.6 | (72.4 | ) | 8.6 | — | (48.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 415.3 | $ | (25.5 | ) | $ | 104.2 | $ | 20.2 | $ | 514.2 | ||||||||
Segment assets as of September 30, 2017 | $ | 3,472.9 | $ | 1,861.8 | $ | 996.5 | $ | 1,063.4 | $ | 7,394.6 | |||||||||
54
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the financial data for the Partnership’s four reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Market Strategies | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 122.9 | $ | 60.3 | $ | 44.1 | $ | 33.1 | $ | 260.4 | |||||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 2.9 | — | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 1.4 | — | — | — | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 127.2 | 60.3 | 44.2 | 33.9 | 265.6 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 311.1 | 19.2 | 14.3 | 36.3 | 380.9 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | (124.2 | ) | 2.0 | 3.1 | (6.8 | ) | (125.9 | ) | |||||||||||
Total performance fees | 186.9 | 21.2 | 17.4 | 29.5 | 255.0 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 24.1 | (14.1 | ) | 1.1 | — | 11.1 | |||||||||||||
Unrealized | (9.6 | ) | 4.5 | 7.1 | 0.2 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||
Total investment income (loss) | 14.5 | (9.6 | ) | 8.2 | 0.2 | 13.3 | |||||||||||||
Interest income | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 330.8 | 72.7 | 72.1 | 63.9 | 539.5 | ||||||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 52.7 | 17.2 | 20.9 | 16.3 | 107.1 | ||||||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 17.8 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 36.9 | ||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 19.8 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 32.9 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 143.5 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 35.8 | 194.6 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | (57.8 | ) | (15.7 | ) | 1.3 | (9.7 | ) | (81.9 | ) | ||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 176.0 | 26.2 | 40.7 | 46.7 | 289.6 | ||||||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 81.4 | 37.2 | 37.7 | 17.3 | 173.6 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 3.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 7.2 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 7.0 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 15.6 | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 267.8 | 68.9 | 82.9 | 66.4 | 486.0 | ||||||||||||||
Economic Net Income (Loss) | $ | 63.0 | $ | 3.8 | $ | (10.8 | ) | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 53.5 | |||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 101.2 | 28.2 | 9.5 | 3.4 | 142.3 | ||||||||||||||
(-) Investment Income (Loss) | 14.5 | (9.6 | ) | 8.2 | 0.2 | 13.3 | |||||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 19.8 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 32.9 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | 49.8 | 21.6 | 19.0 | 9.6 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 16.9 | $ | 13.9 | $ | (5.1 | ) | $ | 5.1 | $ | 30.8 | ||||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 167.6 | 10.5 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 186.3 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss) | 24.1 | (14.1 | ) | 1.1 | — | 11.1 | |||||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 208.6 | $ | 10.3 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 5.6 | $ | 228.2 | |||||||||
55
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Market Strategies | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 376.9 | $ | 192.0 | $ | 147.4 | $ | 103.7 | $ | 820.0 | |||||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 11.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 12.8 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 24.3 | — | — | — | 24.3 | ||||||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 412.4 | 192.1 | 148.1 | 104.5 | 857.1 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 775.2 | 79.8 | 21.5 | 42.7 | 919.2 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | (496.2 | ) | 165.8 | 4.6 | 19.9 | (305.9 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total performance fees | 279.0 | 245.6 | 26.1 | 62.6 | 613.3 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 46.6 | (21.4 | ) | 2.7 | — | 27.9 | |||||||||||||
Unrealized | (12.7 | ) | 6.5 | 14.9 | (0.8 | ) | 7.9 | ||||||||||||
Total investment income (loss) | 33.9 | (14.9 | ) | 17.6 | (0.8 | ) | 35.8 | ||||||||||||
Interest income | 2.7 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 8.0 | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 4.0 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 8.9 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 732.0 | 425.1 | 199.0 | 167.0 | 1,523.1 | ||||||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 165.8 | 55.4 | 66.3 | 49.9 | 337.4 | ||||||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 55.6 | 28.2 | 22.7 | 8.6 | 115.1 | ||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 56.0 | 20.3 | 13.8 | 5.1 | 95.2 | ||||||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||||||
Realized | 345.4 | 34.8 | 8.1 | 41.2 | 429.5 | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized | (219.9 | ) | 55.2 | 2.2 | 13.3 | (149.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 402.9 | 193.9 | 113.1 | 118.1 | 828.0 | ||||||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 144.3 | 70.7 | 77.1 | 34.6 | 326.7 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 10.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 21.8 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 21.2 | 12.1 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 46.3 | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 578.6 | 281.1 | 203.3 | 159.8 | 1,222.8 | ||||||||||||||
Economic Net Income (Loss) | $ | 153.4 | $ | 144.0 | $ | (4.3 | ) | $ | 7.2 | $ | 300.3 | ||||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 153.5 | 155.6 | 15.8 | 8.1 | 333.0 | ||||||||||||||
(-) Investment Income (Loss) | 33.9 | (14.9 | ) | 17.6 | (0.8 | ) | 35.8 | ||||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 56.0 | 20.3 | 13.8 | 5.1 | 95.2 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | 49.8 | 21.6 | 19.0 | 9.6 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 71.8 | $ | 45.2 | $ | (4.9 | ) | $ | 14.6 | $ | 126.7 | ||||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 429.8 | 45.0 | 13.4 | 1.5 | 489.7 | ||||||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss) | 46.6 | (21.4 | ) | 2.7 | — | 27.9 | |||||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 548.2 | $ | 68.8 | $ | 11.2 | $ | 16.1 | $ | 644.3 | |||||||||
56
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table reconciles the Total Segments to the Partnership’s Income Before Provision for Taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 547.5 | $ | 44.7 | $ | 47.7 | (a) | $ | 639.9 | ||||||||
Expenses | $ | 344.8 | $ | 52.3 | $ | 95.5 | (b) | $ | 492.6 | ||||||||
Other income | $ | — | $ | 18.6 | $ | — | (c) | $ | 18.6 | ||||||||
Economic net income | $ | 202.7 | $ | 11.0 | $ | (47.8 | ) | (d) | $ | 165.9 | |||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 539.5 | $ | 43.0 | $ | 24.8 | (a) | $ | 607.3 | ||||||||
Expenses | $ | 486.0 | $ | 41.2 | $ | 134.6 | (b) | $ | 661.8 | ||||||||
Other income | $ | — | $ | 4.8 | $ | — | (c) | $ | 4.8 | ||||||||
Economic net income (loss) | $ | 53.5 | $ | 6.6 | $ | (109.8 | ) | (d) | $ | (49.7 | ) | ||||||
The following table reconciles the Total Segments to the Partnership’s Income Before Provision for Taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and Total Assets as of September 30, 2017.
September 30, 2017 and the Nine Months Then Ended | |||||||||||||||||
Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 2,407.7 | $ | 132.6 | $ | 128.1 | (a) | $ | 2,668.4 | ||||||||
Expenses | $ | 1,504.8 | $ | 197.2 | $ | 305.5 | (b) | $ | 2,007.5 | ||||||||
Other income | $ | — | $ | 76.4 | $ | — | (c) | $ | 76.4 | ||||||||
Economic net income | $ | 902.9 | $ | 11.8 | $ | (177.4 | ) | (d) | $ | 737.3 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 7,394.6 | $ | 4,495.5 | $ | (203.5 | ) | (e) | $ | 11,686.6 | |||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Reportable Segments | Consolidated Funds | Reconciling Items | Carlyle Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,523.1 | $ | 107.8 | $ | 67.5 | (a) | $ | 1,698.4 | ||||||||
Expenses | $ | 1,222.8 | $ | 105.9 | $ | 339.4 | (b) | $ | 1,668.1 | ||||||||
Other loss | $ | — | $ | 3.1 | $ | — | (c) | $ | 3.1 | ||||||||
Economic net income (loss) | $ | 300.3 | $ | 5.0 | $ | (271.9 | ) | (d) | $ | 33.4 | |||||||
(a) | The Revenues adjustment principally represents fund management and performance fees earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as a component of investment income until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017, the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain performance fees, and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s ownership interests in |
57
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016) that were included in Revenues in the Partnership’s segment reporting.
(b) | The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Partnership, the inclusion of certain tax expenses associated with performance fee compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as a component of investment income until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016), as detailed below (Dollars in millions): |
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments | $ | 58.3 | $ | 50.6 | $ | 183.8 | $ | 175.3 | |||||||
Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | 7.2 | 27.7 | 25.2 | 67.0 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating expense (income) | — | (3.7 | ) | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
Tax expense associated with performance fees | (1.7 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (7.0 | ) | (16.1 | ) | |||||||
Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and the real estate VIE | 46.2 | 69.4 | 128.8 | 120.7 | |||||||||||
Severance and other adjustments | 0.6 | 1.5 | 10.9 | 10.3 | |||||||||||
Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds | (15.1 | ) | (8.9 | ) | (36.3 | ) | (18.6 | ) | |||||||
$ | 95.5 | $ | 134.6 | $ | 305.5 | $ | 339.4 | ||||||||
(c) | The Other Income (Loss) adjustment results from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total Other Income (Loss). |
(d) | The following table is a reconciliation of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes to Economic Net Income, to Fee Related Earnings, and to Distributable Earnings (Dollars in millions): |
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | 165.9 | $ | (49.7 | ) | $ | 737.3 | $ | 33.4 | ||||||
Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments | 58.3 | 50.6 | 183.8 | 175.3 | |||||||||||
Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | 7.2 | 27.7 | 25.2 | 67.0 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating expense (income) | — | (3.7 | ) | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
Tax provision associated with performance fees | (1.7 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (7.0 | ) | (16.1 | ) | |||||||
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (27.6 | ) | 29.1 | (47.4 | ) | 29.8 | |||||||||
Severance and other adjustments | 0.6 | 1.5 | 10.9 | 10.1 | |||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 202.7 | $ | 53.5 | $ | 902.9 | $ | 300.3 | |||||||
Net performance fees(1) | 147.0 | 142.3 | 840.5 | 333.0 | |||||||||||
Investment income (loss) (1) | (35.3 | ) | 13.3 | 6.5 | 35.8 | ||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 30.4 | 32.9 | 97.2 | 95.2 | |||||||||||
Reserve for litigation and contingencies | (25.0 | ) | 100.0 | (25.0 | ) | 100.0 | |||||||||
Fee Related Earnings | $ | 96.4 | $ | 30.8 | $ | 128.1 | $ | 126.7 | |||||||
Realized performance fees, net of related compensation | 216.9 | 186.3 | 434.3 | 489.7 | |||||||||||
Realized investment income (loss)(1) | (53.4 | ) | 11.1 | (48.2 | ) | 27.9 | |||||||||
Distributable Earnings | $ | 259.9 | $ | 228.2 | $ | 514.2 | $ | 644.3 | |||||||
58
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(1) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 411.8 | $ | (0.8 | ) | $ | 411.0 | ||||
Unrealized | (126.2 | ) | 0.6 | (125.6 | ) | ||||||
Total performance fees | 285.6 | (0.2 | ) | 285.4 | |||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 189.4 | 4.7 | 194.1 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (51.8 | ) | (3.9 | ) | (55.7 | ) | |||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 137.6 | 0.8 | 138.4 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 222.4 | (5.5 | ) | 216.9 | |||||||
Unrealized | (74.4 | ) | 4.5 | (69.9 | ) | ||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 148.0 | $ | (1.0 | ) | $ | 147.0 | ||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 15.5 | $ | (68.9 | ) | $ | (53.4 | ) | |||
Unrealized | 21.7 | (3.6 | ) | 18.1 | |||||||
Investment income (loss) | $ | 37.2 | $ | (72.5 | ) | $ | (35.3 | ) | |||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 383.4 | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 380.9 | ||||
Unrealized | (168.7 | ) | 42.8 | (125.9 | ) | ||||||
Total performance fees | 214.7 | 40.3 | 255.0 | ||||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 189.0 | 5.6 | 194.6 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (78.1 | ) | (3.8 | ) | (81.9 | ) | |||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 110.9 | 1.8 | 112.7 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 194.4 | (8.1 | ) | 186.3 | |||||||
Unrealized | (90.6 | ) | 46.6 | (44.0 | ) | ||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 103.8 | $ | 38.5 | $ | 142.3 | |||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 40.7 | $ | (29.6 | ) | $ | 11.1 | ||||
Unrealized | 29.8 | (27.6 | ) | 2.2 | |||||||
Total investment income (loss) | $ | 70.5 | $ | (57.2 | ) | $ | 13.3 | ||||
59
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 852.7 | $ | (6.0 | ) | $ | 846.7 | ||||
Unrealized | 658.1 | 54.6 | 712.7 | ||||||||
Total performance fees | 1,510.8 | 48.6 | 1,559.4 | ||||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 401.9 | 10.5 | 412.4 | ||||||||
Unrealized | 309.9 | (3.4 | ) | 306.5 | |||||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 711.8 | 7.1 | 718.9 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 450.8 | (16.5 | ) | 434.3 | |||||||
Unrealized | 348.2 | 58.0 | 406.2 | ||||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 799.0 | $ | 41.5 | $ | 840.5 | |||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 42.0 | $ | (90.2 | ) | $ | (48.2 | ) | |||
Unrealized | 100.5 | (45.8 | ) | 54.7 | |||||||
Investment income (loss) | $ | 142.5 | $ | (136.0 | ) | $ | 6.5 | ||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 905.1 | $ | 14.1 | $ | 919.2 | |||||
Unrealized | (334.3 | ) | 28.4 | (305.9 | ) | ||||||
Total performance fees | 570.8 | 42.5 | 613.3 | ||||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 423.0 | 6.5 | 429.5 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (146.1 | ) | (3.1 | ) | (149.2 | ) | |||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 276.9 | 3.4 | 280.3 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 482.1 | 7.6 | 489.7 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (188.2 | ) | 31.5 | (156.7 | ) | ||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 293.9 | $ | 39.1 | $ | 333.0 | |||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 92.2 | $ | (64.3 | ) | $ | 27.9 | ||||
Unrealized | 34.0 | (26.1 | ) | 7.9 | |||||||
Total investment income (loss) | $ | 126.2 | $ | (90.4 | ) | $ | 35.8 | ||||
(2) Adjustments to performance fees and investment income (loss) relate to (i) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the segment results, (ii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iii) the reclassification of NGP performance fees, which are included in investment income in U.S. GAAP financial statements, and (iv) the reclassification of certain tax expenses associated with performance fees. Adjustments to investment income (loss) also
60
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
include the reclassification of earnings for the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the segment results, the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the segment results, and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as investment losses for the segment results until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Adjustments are also included in these financial statement captions to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016).
(e) The Total Assets adjustment represents the addition of the assets of the Consolidated Funds that were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total assets.
17. Subsequent Events
In October 2017, the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership declared a quarterly distribution of $0.56 per common unit to common unitholders of record at the close of business on November 10, 2017, payable on November 16, 2017.
In October 2017, the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership declared a quarterly distribution of $0.375347 per Preferred Unit to preferred unitholders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2017, payable on December 15, 2017. The first distribution on the Preferred Units is calculated based on the date of original issuance. See Note 14 for more information on the preferred units.
61
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
18. Supplemental Financial Information
The following supplemental financial information illustrates the consolidating effects of the Consolidated Funds on the Partnership’s financial position as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The supplemental statement of cash flows is presented without effects of the Consolidated Funds.
As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,355.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,355.7 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | — | 195.4 | — | 195.4 | |||||||||||
Restricted cash | 9.6 | — | — | 9.6 | |||||||||||
Corporate treasury investments | 117.4 | — | — | 117.4 | |||||||||||
Accrued performance fees | 3,498.6 | — | — | 3,498.6 | |||||||||||
Investments | 1,679.9 | — | (199.0 | ) | 1,480.9 | ||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | — | 4,235.8 | — | 4,235.8 | |||||||||||
Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | 273.3 | — | (4.5 | ) | 268.8 | ||||||||||
Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | — | 64.3 | — | 64.3 | |||||||||||
Fixed assets, net | 100.1 | — | — | 100.1 | |||||||||||
Deposits and other | 58.5 | — | — | 58.5 | |||||||||||
Intangible assets, net | 38.0 | — | — | 38.0 | |||||||||||
Deferred tax assets | 263.5 | — | — | 263.5 | |||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 7,394.6 | $ | 4,495.5 | $ | (203.5 | ) | $ | 11,686.6 | ||||||
Liabilities and partners’ capital | |||||||||||||||
Debt obligations | $ | 1,515.6 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,515.6 | |||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | — | 3,794.8 | — | 3,794.8 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 308.9 | — | — | 308.9 | |||||||||||
Accrued compensation and benefits | 2,175.1 | — | — | 2,175.1 | |||||||||||
Due to affiliates | 264.1 | 0.2 | — | 264.3 | |||||||||||
Deferred revenue | 236.0 | — | — | 236.0 | |||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | 77.1 | — | — | 77.1 | |||||||||||
Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | — | 507.4 | (32.0 | ) | 475.4 | ||||||||||
Accrued giveback obligations | 67.6 | — | — | 67.6 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities | 4,644.4 | 4,302.4 | (32.0 | ) | 8,914.8 | ||||||||||
Series A preferred units | 387.6 | — | — | 387.6 | |||||||||||
Partners’ capital | 660.4 | 46.6 | (46.6 | ) | 660.4 | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (68.9 | ) | 3.0 | (3.5 | ) | (69.4 | ) | ||||||||
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 351.2 | 23.5 | — | 374.7 | |||||||||||
Non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 1,419.9 | 120.0 | (121.4 | ) | 1,418.5 | ||||||||||
Total partners’ capital | 2,750.2 | 193.1 | (171.5 | ) | 2,771.8 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities and partners’ capital | $ | 7,394.6 | $ | 4,495.5 | $ | (203.5 | ) | $ | 11,686.6 | ||||||
62
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
As of December 31, 2016 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 670.9 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 670.9 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds | — | 761.5 | — | 761.5 | |||||||||||
Restricted cash | 13.1 | — | — | 13.1 | |||||||||||
Corporate treasury investments | 190.2 | — | — | 190.2 | |||||||||||
Accrued performance fees | 2,481.1 | — | — | 2,481.1 | |||||||||||
Investments | 1,272.2 | — | (165.2 | ) | 1,107.0 | ||||||||||
Investments of Consolidated Funds | — | 3,893.7 | — | 3,893.7 | |||||||||||
Due from affiliates and other receivables, net | 231.0 | — | (3.8 | ) | 227.2 | ||||||||||
Due from affiliates and other receivables of Consolidated Funds, net | — | 29.5 | — | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Receivables and inventory of a real estate VIE | 145.4 | — | — | 145.4 | |||||||||||
Fixed assets, net | 106.1 | — | — | 106.1 | |||||||||||
Deposits and other | 39.4 | — | — | 39.4 | |||||||||||
Other assets of a real estate VIE | 31.5 | — | — | 31.5 | |||||||||||
Intangible assets, net | 42.0 | — | — | 42.0 | |||||||||||
Deferred tax assets | 234.4 | — | — | 234.4 | |||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 5,457.3 | $ | 4,684.7 | $ | (169.0 | ) | $ | 9,973.0 | ||||||
Liabilities and partners’ capital | |||||||||||||||
Loans payable | $ | 1,265.2 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,265.2 | |||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds | — | 3,866.3 | — | 3,866.3 | |||||||||||
Loans payable of a real estate VIE at fair value (principal amount of $144.4 million) | 79.4 | — | — | 79.4 | |||||||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 369.8 | — | — | 369.8 | |||||||||||
Accrued compensation and benefits | 1,661.8 | — | — | 1,661.8 | |||||||||||
Due to affiliates | 223.4 | 0.2 | — | 223.6 | |||||||||||
Deferred revenue | 54.0 | — | — | 54.0 | |||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | 76.6 | — | — | 76.6 | |||||||||||
Other liabilities of Consolidated Funds | — | 669.0 | (32.0 | ) | 637.0 | ||||||||||
Other liabilities of a real estate VIE | 124.5 | — | — | 124.5 | |||||||||||
Accrued giveback obligations | 160.8 | — | — | 160.8 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities | 4,015.5 | 4,535.5 | (32.0 | ) | 8,519.0 | ||||||||||
Partners’ capital | 403.1 | 36.7 | (36.7 | ) | 403.1 | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (94.9 | ) | (1.5 | ) | 1.2 | (95.2 | ) | ||||||||
Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 264.3 | 13.5 | — | 277.8 | |||||||||||
Non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 869.3 | 100.5 | (101.5 | ) | 868.3 | ||||||||||
Total partners’ capital | 1,441.8 | 149.2 | (137.0 | ) | 1,454.0 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities and partners’ capital | $ | 5,457.3 | $ | 4,684.7 | $ | (169.0 | ) | $ | 9,973.0 | ||||||
63
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 267.5 | $ | — | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | 262.5 | ||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 412.3 | — | (0.5 | ) | 411.8 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | (126.2 | ) | — | — | (126.2 | ) | |||||||||
Total performance fees | 286.1 | — | (0.5 | ) | 285.6 | ||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 15.4 | — | 0.1 | 15.5 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 26.1 | — | (4.4 | ) | 21.7 | ||||||||||
Investment income | 41.5 | — | (4.3 | ) | 37.2 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income | 18.0 | — | (8.1 | ) | 9.9 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | — | 44.7 | — | 44.7 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 613.1 | 44.7 | (17.9 | ) | 639.9 | ||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Base compensation | 174.1 | — | — | 174.1 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 81.0 | — | — | 81.0 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 189.4 | — | — | 189.4 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (51.8 | ) | — | — | (51.8 | ) | |||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 392.7 | — | — | 392.7 | |||||||||||
General, administrative and other expenses | (18.7 | ) | — | — | (18.7 | ) | |||||||||
Interest | 16.9 | — | — | 16.9 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | — | 52.3 | (15.1 | ) | 37.2 | ||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation | 64.5 | — | — | 64.5 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | 455.4 | 52.3 | (15.1 | ) | 492.6 | ||||||||||
Other income | |||||||||||||||
Net investment gains of Consolidated Funds | — | 18.6 | — | 18.6 | |||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 157.7 | 11.0 | (2.8 | ) | 165.9 | ||||||||||
Benefit for income taxes | (1.3 | ) | — | — | (1.3 | ) | |||||||||
Net income | 159.0 | 11.0 | (2.8 | ) | 167.2 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 19.4 | — | 8.2 | 27.6 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 139.6 | 11.0 | (11.0 | ) | 139.6 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 95.0 | — | — | 95.0 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 44.6 | $ | 11.0 | $ | (11.0 | ) | $ | 44.6 | ||||||
64
The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 761.2 | $ | — | $ | (13.6 | ) | $ | 747.6 | ||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 855.2 | — | (2.5 | ) | 852.7 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | 658.1 | — | — | 658.1 | |||||||||||
Total performance fees | 1,513.3 | — | (2.5 | ) | 1,510.8 | ||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 42.6 | — | (0.6 | ) | 42.0 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | 105.5 | — | (5.0 | ) | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Investment income | 148.1 | — | (5.6 | ) | 142.5 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income | 44.2 | — | (18.3 | ) | 25.9 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | — | 132.6 | — | 132.6 | |||||||||||
Revenue of a real estate VIE | 109.0 | — | — | 109.0 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 2,575.8 | 132.6 | (40.0 | ) | 2,668.4 | ||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Base compensation | 471.1 | — | — | 471.1 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 241.8 | — | — | 241.8 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 401.9 | — | — | 401.9 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 309.9 | — | — | 309.9 | |||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 1,424.7 | — | — | 1,424.7 | |||||||||||
General, administrative and other expenses | 170.9 | — | — | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Interest | 48.4 | — | — | 48.4 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | — | 197.2 | (36.3 | ) | 160.9 | ||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation | 202.5 | — | — | 202.5 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating expenses | 0.1 | — | — | 0.1 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | 1,846.6 | 197.2 | (36.3 | ) | 2,007.5 | ||||||||||
Other income | |||||||||||||||
Net investment gains of Consolidated Funds | — | 76.4 | — | 76.4 | |||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 729.2 | 11.8 | (3.7 | ) | 737.3 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 17.7 | — | — | 17.7 | |||||||||||
Net income | 711.5 | 11.8 | (3.7 | ) | 719.6 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 39.3 | — | 8.1 | 47.4 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 672.2 | 11.8 | (11.8 | ) | 672.2 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 487.0 | — | — | 487.0 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 185.2 | $ | 11.8 | $ | (11.8 | ) | $ | 185.2 | ||||||
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The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 259.1 | $ | — | $ | (4.0 | ) | $ | 255.1 | ||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 383.4 | — | — | 383.4 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (168.7 | ) | — | — | (168.7 | ) | |||||||||
Total performance fees | 214.7 | — | — | 214.7 | |||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 40.3 | — | 0.4 | 40.7 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 43.0 | — | (13.2 | ) | 29.8 | ||||||||||
Total investment income | 83.3 | — | (12.8 | ) | 70.5 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income | 5.4 | — | (0.1 | ) | 5.3 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | — | 43.0 | — | 43.0 | |||||||||||
Revenue of a real estate VIE | 18.7 | — | — | 18.7 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 581.2 | 43.0 | (16.9 | ) | 607.3 | ||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Base compensation | 154.3 | — | — | 154.3 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 81.4 | — | — | 81.4 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 189.0 | — | — | 189.0 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (78.1 | ) | — | — | (78.1 | ) | |||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 346.6 | — | — | 346.6 | |||||||||||
General, administrative and other expenses | 188.9 | — | — | 188.9 | |||||||||||
Interest | 15.6 | — | — | 15.6 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | — | 41.2 | (8.9 | ) | 32.3 | ||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE | 82.1 | — | — | 82.1 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating income | (3.7 | ) | — | — | (3.7 | ) | |||||||||
Total expenses | 629.5 | 41.2 | (8.9 | ) | 661.8 | ||||||||||
Other income | |||||||||||||||
Net investment gains of Consolidated Funds | — | 4.8 | — | 4.8 | |||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (48.3 | ) | 6.6 | (8.0 | ) | (49.7 | ) | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 1.0 | — | — | 1.0 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | (49.3 | ) | 6.6 | (8.0 | ) | (50.7 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (27.7 | ) | — | (1.4 | ) | (29.1 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings | (21.6 | ) | 6.6 | (6.6 | ) | (21.6 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | (22.4 | ) | — | — | (22.4 | ) | |||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 0.8 | $ | 6.6 | $ | (6.6 | ) | $ | 0.8 | ||||||
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The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Operating Entities | Consolidated Funds | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 827.5 | $ | — | $ | (10.4 | ) | $ | 817.1 | ||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 905.3 | — | (0.2 | ) | 905.1 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | (334.3 | ) | — | — | (334.3 | ) | |||||||||
Total performance fees | 571.0 | — | (0.2 | ) | 570.8 | ||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 92.7 | — | (0.5 | ) | 92.2 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | 45.1 | — | (11.1 | ) | 34.0 | ||||||||||
Total investment income | 137.8 | — | (11.6 | ) | 126.2 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income | 16.3 | — | (1.3 | ) | 15.0 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | — | 107.8 | — | 107.8 | |||||||||||
Revenue of a real estate VIE | 61.5 | — | — | 61.5 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 1,614.1 | 107.8 | (23.5 | ) | 1,698.4 | ||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Base compensation | 470.5 | — | — | 470.5 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 265.8 | — | — | 265.8 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 423.0 | — | — | 423.0 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (146.1 | ) | — | — | (146.1 | ) | |||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 1,013.2 | — | — | 1,013.2 | |||||||||||
General, administrative and other expenses | 362.6 | — | — | 362.6 | |||||||||||
Interest | 46.3 | — | — | 46.3 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | — | 105.9 | (18.6 | ) | 87.3 | ||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE | 157.9 | — | — | 157.9 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating expenses | 0.8 | — | — | 0.8 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | 1,580.8 | 105.9 | (18.6 | ) | 1,668.1 | ||||||||||
Other income | |||||||||||||||
Net investment gains of Consolidated Funds | — | 3.1 | — | 3.1 | |||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 33.3 | 5.0 | (4.9 | ) | 33.4 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 32.7 | — | — | 32.7 | |||||||||||
Net income | 0.6 | 5.0 | (4.9 | ) | 0.7 | ||||||||||
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (29.9 | ) | — | 0.1 | (29.8 | ) | |||||||||
Net income attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 30.5 | 5.0 | (5.0 | ) | 30.5 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 15.2 | — | — | 15.2 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 15.3 | $ | 5.0 | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | 15.3 | ||||||
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The Carlyle Group L.P.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||
Net income | $ | 711.5 | $ | 0.6 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 30.9 | 52.6 | |||||
Equity-based compensation | 241.8 | 265.8 | |||||
Non-cash performance fees | (561.5 | ) | 108.0 | ||||
Other non-cash amounts | (8.2 | ) | (19.2 | ) | |||
Investment income | (129.5 | ) | (135.8 | ) | |||
Purchases of investments | (445.0 | ) | (262.7 | ) | |||
Proceeds from the sale of investments | 302.7 | 236.7 | |||||
Payments of contingent consideration | (22.5 | ) | (82.6 | ) | |||
Deconsolidation of Claren Road (see Note 9) | (23.3 | ) | — | ||||
Deconsolidation of Urbplan (see Note 15) | 14.0 | — | |||||
Change in deferred taxes, net | (8.7 | ) | 3.7 | ||||
Change in due from affiliates and other receivables | (78.8 | ) | 0.7 | ||||
Change in receivables and inventory of a real estate VIE | (14.5 | ) | 45.1 | ||||
Change in deposits and other | (7.1 | ) | 6.0 | ||||
Change in other assets of a real estate VIE | 1.6 | 33.1 | |||||
Change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1.9 | 71.8 | |||||
Change in accrued compensation and benefits | 42.2 | 32.4 | |||||
Change in due to affiliates | 15.0 | (22.4 | ) | ||||
Change in other liabilities of a real estate VIE | 47.9 | (1.2 | ) | ||||
Change in deferred revenue | 178.6 | 154.9 | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 289.0 | 487.5 | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||
Change in restricted cash | 3.6 | 1.8 | |||||
Purchases of fixed assets, net | (26.0 | ) | (13.3 | ) | |||
Net cash used in investing activities | (22.4 | ) | (11.5 | ) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||
Proceeds from issuance of preferred units | 387.6 | — | |||||
Borrowings under credit facility | 250.0 | — | |||||
Repayments under credit facility | (250.0 | ) | — | ||||
Payments on debt obligations | (15.0 | ) | — | ||||
Proceeds from debt obligations | 202.6 | 20.6 | |||||
Net payments on loans payable of a real estate VIE | (14.3 | ) | (27.3 | ) | |||
Payments of contingent consideration | (0.4 | ) | (3.3 | ) | |||
Distributions to common unitholders | (63.0 | ) | (98.5 | ) | |||
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders in Carlyle Holdings | (163.1 | ) | (300.9 | ) | |||
Contributions from non-controlling interest holders | 87.7 | 75.3 | |||||
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders | (74.0 | ) | (85.5 | ) | |||
Common units repurchased | (0.2 | ) | (53.6 | ) | |||
Change in due to/from affiliates financing activities | 38.5 | 49.5 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 386.4 | (423.7 | ) | ||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | 31.8 | (0.5 | ) | ||||
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | 684.8 | 51.8 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 670.9 | 991.5 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,355.7 | $ | 1,043.3 | |||
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Partnership”). Such analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Overview
We conduct our operations through four reportable segments: Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, Global Market Strategies, and Investment Solutions.
• | Corporate Private Equity — Our Corporate Private Equity segment advises our 21 buyout and 10 growth capital funds, which seek a wide variety of investments of different sizes and growth potentials. As of September 30, 2017, our Corporate Private Equity segment had over $56 billion in AUM and over $36 billion in Fee-earning AUM. |
• | Real Assets — Our Real Assets segment advises our eleven U.S. and internationally focused real estate funds, our two infrastructure funds, our two power funds, our international energy fund, as well as our four Legacy Energy funds (funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone). The segment also includes five NGP management fee funds and four carry funds advised by NGP. As of September 30, 2017, our Real Assets segment had approximately $40 billion in AUM and over $30 billion in Fee-earning AUM. |
• | Global Market Strategies — Our Global Market Strategies segment advises a group of 56 funds that pursue investment opportunities across structured credit, distressed debt, corporate and energy mezzanine debt, and middle-market and senior debt. As of September 30, 2017, our Global Market Strategies segment had approximately $32 billion in AUM and over $26 billion in Fee-earning AUM. |
• | Investment Solutions — Our Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity and real estate fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities across 190 fund vehicles. As of September 30, 2017, our Investment Solutions segment had approximately $47 billion in AUM and over $30 billion in Fee-earning AUM. |
We earn management fees pursuant to contractual arrangements with the investment funds that we manage and fees for transaction advisory and oversight services provided to portfolio companies of these funds. We also typically receive a performance fee from an investment fund, which may be either an incentive fee or a special residual allocation of income, which we refer to as a carried interest, in the event that specified investment returns are achieved by the fund. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), we are required to consolidate some of the investment funds that we advise. However, for segment reporting purposes, we present revenues and expenses on a basis that deconsolidates these investment funds. Accordingly, our segment revenues primarily consist of fund management and related advisory fees, performance fees (consisting of incentive fees and carried interest allocations), investment income, including realized and unrealized gains on our investments in our funds and other trading securities, as well as interest and other income. Our segment expenses primarily consist of compensation and benefits expenses, including salaries, bonuses, performance payment arrangements, and equity-based compensation excluding awards granted in our initial public offering or in connection with acquisitions and strategic investments, and general and administrative expenses. While our segment expenses include depreciation and interest expense, our segment expenses exclude acquisition-related charges and amortization of intangibles and impairment. Refer to Note 16 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on the differences between our financial results reported pursuant to U.S. GAAP and our financial results for segment reporting purposes.
Our Family of Funds
The following chart presents the name (acronym), total capital commitments (in the case of our carry funds, structured credit funds, and the NGP management fee funds), assets under management (in the case of structured products), gross assets (in the case of our business development companies), and vintage year of the active funds in each of our segments, as of September 30, 2017. We present total capital commitments (as opposed to assets under management) for our closed-end investment funds because we believe this metric provides the most useful information regarding the relative size and scale of such funds. In the case of our products which are open-ended, and accordingly do not have permanent committed capital, we generally believe the most useful metric regarding relative size and scale is assets under management.
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Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Market Strategies | ||||||||
Buyout Carry Funds | Real Estate Carry Funds | Structured Credit | ||||||||
Carlyle Partners (U.S.) | Carlyle Realty Partners (U.S.) | Cash CLOs | ||||||||
CP VI | $13.0 bn | 2014 | CRP VIII | $4.3 bn | 2017 | U.S. | $15.7 bn | 2006-2017 | ||
CP V | $13.7 bn | 2007 | CRP VII | $4.2 bn | 2014 | Europe | €8.1 bn | 2005-2017 | ||
CP IV | $7.9 bn | 2005 | CRP VI | $2.3 bn | 2011 | Structured Credit Carry Funds | ||||
Global Financial Services Partners | CRP V | $3.0 bn | 2006 | CSC | $817 mm | 2016 | ||||
CGFSP III | $418 mm | 2017 | CRP IV | $950 mm | 2005 | CASCOF | $445 mm | 2015 | ||
CGFSP II | $1.0 bn | 2013 | CRP III | $564 mm | 2001 | Private Credit | ||||
CGFSP I | $1.1 bn | 2008 | Carlyle Europe Real Estate Partners | Business Development Company 1 | ||||||
Carlyle Europe Partners | CEREP III | €2.2 bn | 2007 | TCG BDC, Inc. | $2.0 bn | 2013 | ||||
CEP IV | €3.7 bn | 2014 | CEREP II | €763 mm | 2005 | Corporate Mezzanine Carry Fund | ||||
CEP III | €5.3 bn | 2007 | Carlyle Asia Real Estate Partners | CMP II | $553 mm | 2008 | ||||
CEP II | €1.8 bn | 2003 | CCR | $120 mm | 2016 | Opportunistic Credit Carry Funds | ||||
Carlyle Asia Partners | CAREP II | $486 mm | 2008 | CCOF | $757 mm | 2017 | ||||
CAP IV | $3.9 bn | 2014 | Core Plus Real Estate (U.S.) | Energy Credit Carry Funds | ||||||
CBPF | RMB 2.0 bn | 2010 | CPI | $1.1 bn | 2016 | CEMOF II | $2.8 bn | 2015 | ||
CAP III | $2.6 bn | 2008 | Natural Resources Funds | CEMOF I | $1.4 bn | 2011 | ||||
CAP II | $1.8 bn | 2006 | Infrastructure Carry Funds | Distressed Credit Carry Funds | ||||||
Carlyle Japan Partners | CGIOF | $597 mm | 2017 | CSP IV | $2.5 bn | 2016 | ||||
CJP III | ¥119.5 bn | 2013 | CIP I | $1.1 bn | 2006 | CSP III | $703 mm | 2011 | ||
CJP II | ¥165.6 bn | 2006 | Power Carry Funds | CSP II | $1.4 bn | 2007 | ||||
Carlyle Mexico Partners | CPP II | $1.5 bn | 2014 | |||||||
Mexico | $134 mm | 2005 | CPOCP | $478 mm | 2013 | |||||
Carlyle MENA Partners | International Energy Carry Fund | Investment Solutions | ||||||||
MENA I | $471 mm | 2008 | CIEP | $2.5 bn | 2013 | AlpInvest | ||||
Carlyle South America Buyout Fund | NGP Energy Carry Funds | Fund of Private Equity Funds | ||||||||
CSABF I | $776 mm | 2009 | NGP XII | $696 mm | 2017 | 64 vehicles | €41.4 bn | 2000-2017 | ||
Carlyle Sub-Saharan Africa Fund | NGP XI | $5.3 bn | 2014 | Secondary Investments | ||||||
CSSAF I | $698 mm | 2012 | NGP X | $3.6 bn | 2012 | 47 vehicles | €14.6 bn | 2002-2017 | ||
Carlyle Peru Fund | NGP Agribusiness Carry Fund | Co-Investments | ||||||||
CPF I | $308 mm | 2012 | NGP GAP | $402 mm | 2014 | 48 vehicles | €14.2 bn | 2000-2017 | ||
Carlyle Global Partners | NGP Management Fee Funds | Metropolitan Real Estate | ||||||||
CGP | $3.6 bn | 2015 | Various 2 | $7.2 bn | 2004-2008 | Real Estate Fund of Funds | ||||
Growth Carry Funds | Legacy Energy Carry Funds | 31 vehicles | $3.6 bn | 2002-2017 | ||||||
Carlyle U.S. Venture/Growth Partners | Carlyle/Riverstone Global Energy | |||||||||
CEOF II | $2.4 bn | 2015 | Energy IV | $6.0 bn | 2008 | |||||
CEOF I | $1.1 bn | 2011 | Energy III | $3.8 bn | 2005 | |||||
CUSGF III | $605 mm | 2006 | Energy II | $1.1 bn | 2003 | |||||
CVP II | $602 mm | 2001 | Carlyle/Riverstone Renewable Energy | |||||||
Carlyle Europe Technology Partners | Renew II | $3.4 bn | 2008 | |||||||
CETP III | €657 mm | 2014 | ||||||||
CETP II | €522 mm | 2008 | ||||||||
Carlyle Asia Venture/Growth Partners | ||||||||||
CAGP V | $292 mm | 2017 | ||||||||
CAGP IV | $1.0 bn | 2008 | ||||||||
CAGP III | $680 mm | 2005 | ||||||||
Carlyle Cardinal Ireland | ||||||||||
CCI | €292 mm | 2014 | ||||||||
Note: All amounts shown represent total capital commitments as of September 30, 2017 unless otherwise noted. Certain of our recent vintage funds are currently in fundraising and total capital commitments are subject to change. In addition, certain carry funds included herein may be disclosed which are not included in fund performance if they have not made an initial investment or called capital for investments or fees.
(1) | Amounts represent gross assets as of September 30, 2017. |
(2) | Includes NGP ETP I, NGP M&R, NGP ETP II, NGP VIII and NGP IX. |
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Trends Affecting our Business
Expectations for global economic growth generally have strengthened since the end of the second quarter, with upward revisions to the International Monetary Fund’s global growth forecasts for both 2017 and 2018. Public and proprietary data suggest manufacturing and related trade flows have been responsible for most of the acceleration in global growth. Our proprietary portfolio economic data also indicates that trade-sensitive industrial orders have been growing at their fastest rates since 2011, which has supported earnings growth across our global portfolio during the first three quarters of 2017.
While real growth rates appear to have accelerated, inflation continues to fall short of central bank targets. In the U.S., the core PCE price index (the Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of inflation) rose by just 1.3% in the twelve months ending in August 2017 and has remained below the Fed’s 2% target since April 2012. The Euro area core inflation rate was even lower at 1.1% for the twelve months ending in September 2017. As market surveys and our portfolio data currently do not point to signs of price pressures in the market, central banks are expected to keep policy interest rates low despite continued declines in unemployment. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield stood at 2.3% in mid-October, roughly unchanged from the end of the second quarter, while the spread between the 10-year and two-year Treasury yields fell to 0.75%, its lowest level since November 2007. Stronger real growth and low longer-term interest rates led to a further strengthening of risk appetite in the third quarter. The MSCI World Index advanced 6.6% and the S&P 500 added 5.3% both over the period from July 1 through October 24, bringing the year-to-date gains in the S&P 500 to 13.5%. Both realized and implied volatility remained well below historic averages during the third quarter.
Private equity has benefited from these favorable financial market conditions, which have resulted in tight credit spreads on portfolio company loan and bond issuances and a healthy fundraising environment. Credit spreads on B-rated corporate credit declined below 350 basis points in the third quarter for the first time since 2014 due, in part, to a historically low trailing high-yield default rate of 2.3% (measured globally). According to Thomson Reuters, global private equity-backed M&A activity reached $212 billion year-to-date in the third quarter of 2017, a 25% increase relative to the same period in 2016 and the highest total for the first three quarters of a year since 2007. Nearly $100 billion in private equity capital commitments closed in the third quarter, bringing total fundraising for the year to roughly $300 billion and raising total industry “dry powder” above $963 billion.
While the increase in new capital commitments has raised concerns about too much capital chasing a finite number of investment opportunities, we believe that recent fundraising activity across the industry is commensurate with the size of the market opportunity for two primary reasons. First, asset values have been increasing substantially over the past decade. Year-to-date commitments to buyout funds in the U.S. amount to just 0.64% of U.S. stock market capitalization, 60% less than the peak ratio of 1.6% recorded in 2007. Second, there has been a secular shift in corporate finance away from initial public offerings and other public listings toward take private transactions and private financial solutions. Over the past 20 years, the number of public companies in the U.S. has shrunk by half from nearly 8,000 to just 3,500, while the number of private equity-backed companies has grown five-fold, from 1,462 in 2000 to more than 7,580 in 2016. The decline in the number of public companies has been fueled by a drop in the micro, small, and midcap companies that once constituted the “growth stocks” of public portfolios. Relative to their late-1990s peak, initial public offerings were down by 80% in 2016, as entrepreneurs increasingly seemed to prefer to raise capital and access liquidity by selling to a private equity investor rather than going public. In particular, private equity funds (including our funds) tend to invest in fast-growing private companies as these companies provide a particular value creation opportunity, in our case driven by the ability to leverage the resources of our OneCarlyle network.
While higher asset valuations may continue to put downward pressure on rates of return for new investments across all asset classes, we remain confident in our ability to find investment opportunities that meet the investment criteria and strategic focus of our investment funds. During the third quarter, we invested $6.9 billion in new or follow-on transactions, and we have invested nearly $21 billion over the last twelve months. We also generated $8.4 billion in realized proceeds in the third quarter, and $26.5 billion over the last twelve months. Our diverse fund mandates, geographical footprint, and experienced investment teams continue to combine to generate a high level of investment lead generation.
During the third quarter, our overall carry fund portfolio appreciated by 3% and is up 19% for the last twelve months. In the third quarter, our Corporate Private Equity funds appreciated by 4%, our real estate funds appreciated by 3% and our natural resources funds appreciated by 5%. The valuation of our Global Market Strategies carry funds was flat in the third quarter with strength in distressed credit offset by weakness in energy debt funds. Dollar denominated appreciation in Investment Solutions was 2.5%, but as AlpInvest funds are primarily denominated in Euros, they were negatively impacted by the strength of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar during the quarter. Our private carry fund portfolio appreciated by 3% and our public carry fund portfolio appreciated by 2% during the third quarter, each excluding Investment Solutions.
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We are working to raise $100 billion in gross new capital over the four-year period that began in 2016 and will continue through the end of 2019. During the third quarter of 2017, we raised $7.1 billion of new capital and we raised $22.1 billion of gross new capital over the last twelve months. We expect that the pace of fundraising will accelerate for the remainder of 2017 and into 2018 as our largest flagship buyout funds proceed through the fundraising cycle. As we have previously indicated, fundraising activity generates one-time costs that are incurred upon the closing of new commitments. As these new commitments may not generate fees for several quarters, we will incur costs ahead of revenues. These costs are likely to increase in the fourth quarter and into 2018 because our largest buyout funds are actively fundraising for new commitments. When fees on those new commitments are activated, we expect to see an increase in Fee-Earning AUM and a similar increase in management fee revenue. Pending Fee-Earning AUM, which is capital that we have raised, but on which we have not yet activated fees, was $5.5 billion at September 30, 2017, down from $8.6 billion at June 30, 2017, primarily due to the activation of fees on our most recent vintage U.S. real estate fund.
During the third quarter, we continued to invest our resources in further expanding and supporting our global credit business. We continued to identify and retain leaders in the industry to enhance our global credit team, which continues to aggressively focus on opportunities in the global credit space. As we continue to hire new employees, expand our global credit operations and compensate existing employees for an active and successful year and to incentivize future performance, we anticipate that expenses across the firm will be elevated as compared to prior periods.
In October 2017 we announced that effective January 1, 2018, Kewsong Lee and Glenn Youngkin will succeed Bill Conway and David Rubenstein as Co-Chief Executive Officers of the firm. Carlyle’s three founders (Bill Conway, Daniel D’Aniello and David Rubenstein) will remain actively involved in our business with Messrs. Conway and Rubenstein serving as Co-Executive Chairmen of the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership, Mr. Conway also serving as Co-Chief Investment Officer, Mr. D’Aniello serving as Chairman Emeritus and all three of our founders continuing to serve as members of the firm’s executive group. Peter Clare has been named Co-Chief Investment Officer alongside Bill Conway and remains co-head of Carlyle’s U.S. Buyout team. Messrs. Clare, Lee and Youngkin also will be joining the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership. We do not anticipate that these leadership transitions will result in changes to our investment process or investment teams.
Recent Transactions
Distributions
In October 2017, the Board of Directors of our general partner declared a quarterly distribution of $0.56 per common unit to common unitholders of record at the close of business on November 10, 2017, payable on November 16, 2017.
On September 13, 2017, Carlyle issued 16 million of its 5.875% Series A Preferred Units (the “Preferred Units”) at a price of $25.00 per unit for total gross proceeds of $400 million, or $387.6 million, net of issuance costs and expenses. Distributions on the Preferred Units, when and if declared, will be payable quarterly on the 15th day of March, June, September and December of each year,beginning December 15, 2017. Distributions on the Preferred Units are discretionary and non-cumulative. The Board of Directors of our general partner has declared a quarterly distribution of $0.375347 per Preferred Unit to holders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2017, payable on December 15, 2017. The first distribution on the Preferred Units is calculated based on the date of original issuance. See Note 14 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Key Financial Measures
Our key financial measures are discussed in the following pages. Additional information regarding these key financial measures and our other significant accounting policies can be found in Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Revenues
Revenues primarily consist of fund management fees, performance fees, investment income, including realized and unrealized gains of our investments in our funds and other investments, as well as interest and other income.
Fund Management Fees. Fund management fees include management fees and transaction and portfolio advisory fees. We earn management fees for advisory services we provide to funds in which we hold a general partner interest or with which we have an investment advisory or investment management agreement. Additionally, management fees include catch-up
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management fees, which are episodic in nature and represent management fees charged to fund investors in subsequent closings of a fund which apply to the time period between the fee initiation date and the subsequent closing date.
Management fees attributable to Carlyle Partners VI, L.P. (“CP VI”), our sixth U.S. buyout fund with approximately $12.0 billion of Fee-earning AUM as of September 30, 2017, were approximately 15% of total management fees recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 16% of total management fees recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Management fees attributable to CP VI were approximately 15% of total management fees recognized during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. No other fund generated over 10% of total management fees in the periods presented.
Fund management fees exclude the reimbursement of any partnership expenses paid by the Partnership on behalf of the Carlyle funds pursuant to the limited partnership agreements, including amounts related to the pursuit of actual, proposed, or unconsummated investments, professional fees, expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, and other fund administrative expenses.
Transaction and Portfolio Advisory Fees. Transaction and portfolio advisory fees are fees we receive for the transaction and portfolio advisory services we provide to our portfolio companies. When covered by separate contractual agreements, we recognize transaction and portfolio advisory fees for these services when the service has been provided and collection is reasonably assured. We are required to offset our fund management fees earned by a percentage of the transaction and advisory fees earned, which we refer to as the “rebate offsets.” Such rebate offset percentages generally approximate 80% of the fund’s portion of the transaction and advisory fees earned. The recognition of portfolio advisory fees and transactions fees can be volatile as they are primarily generated by investment activity within our funds, and therefore are impacted by our investment pace. We have received and expect to continue to receive requests from a variety of investors and groups representing investors to increase the percentage of transaction and advisory fees we share with our investors in future funds; to the extent that we accommodate such requests on future funds, the rebate offset percentages would increase relative to historical levels.
Performance Fees. Performance fees consist principally of the performance-based capital allocation from fund limited partners to us, commonly referred to as carried interest, from certain of our investment funds, which we refer to as the “carry funds.” Carried interest revenue, which historically has comprised over 80% of all performance fees in our consolidated financial statements, is recognized by Carlyle upon appreciation of the valuation of our funds' investments above certain return hurdles as set forth in each respective partnership agreement and is based on the amount that would be due to us pursuant to the fund partnership agreement at each period end as if the funds were liquidated at such date. Accordingly, the amount of carried interest recognized as performance fees reflects our share of the fair value gains and losses of the associated funds' underlying investments measured at their then-current fair values relative to the fair values as of the end of the prior period. As a result, the performance fees earned in an applicable reporting period are not indicative of any future period, as fair values are based on conditions prevalent as of the reporting date. Refer to “— Trends Affecting our Business” for further discussion.
In addition to its performance fees from our Corporate Private Equity and Real Assets funds and closed-end carry funds in the Global Market Strategies segment, we are also entitled to receive performance fees from our Investment Solutions and NGP carry funds. The timing of performance fee realizations for these funds is typically later than in our other carry funds based on the terms of such arrangements.
Our performance fees are generated by a diverse set of funds with different vintages, geographic concentration, investment strategies and industry specialties. For an explanation of the fund acronyms used throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section, refer to “— Our Family of Funds.”
Performance fees in excess of 10% of the total for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were generated from the following funds:
• | $74.2 million from CP VI (with total AUM of approximately $14.6 billion), |
• | $36.7 million from Carlyle International Energy Partners, L.P. (“CIEP”) (with total AUM of approximately $2.7 billion), |
• | $33.7 million from Carlyle Partners V, L.P. (“CP V”) (with total AUM of approximately $5.6 billion), and |
• | $(34.2) million from Carlyle Equity Opportunity Fund, L.P. (“CEOF”) (with total AUM of approximately $1.1 billion). |
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Performance fees in excess of 10% of the total for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were generated from the following funds:
• | $471.5 million from CP VI, |
• | $286.7 million from CP V, and |
• | $221.7 million from Carlyle Asia Partners IV, L.P. (“CAP IV”). |
Performance fees in excess of 10% of the total for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were generated primarily from the following funds:
•$183.4 million from CP VI,
•$(53.1) million from Carlyle Realty Partners V, L.P. (“CRP V”), and
•$(22.4) million from Carlyle Asia Partners III, L.P. (“CAP III”).
Performance fees in excess of 10% of the total for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were generated primarily from the following funds:
•$184.8 million from CP VI,
•$79.2 million from CP V, and
•$74.2 million from CRP VII.
No other fund generated over 10% of performance fees in the periods presented above.
Under our arrangements with the historical owners and management team of AlpInvest, we generally do not retain any carried interest in respect of the historical investments and commitments to our fund vehicles that existed as of July 1, 2011 (including any options to increase any such commitments exercised after such date). We are entitled to 15% of the carried interest in respect of commitments from the historical owners of AlpInvest for the period between 2011 and 2020 and 40% of the carried interest in respect of all other commitments (including all future commitments from third parties). In certain instances, carried interest associated with the AlpInvest fund vehicles is subject to entity level income taxes in the Netherlands.
Realized carried interest may be clawed back or given back to the fund if the fund’s investment values decline below certain return hurdles, which vary from fund to fund. When the fair value of a fund’s investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance fees are reversed. In all cases, each investment fund is considered separately in evaluating carried interest and potential giveback obligations. For any given period, performance fee revenue on our statement of operations may include reversals of previously recognized performance fees due to a decrease in the value of a particular fund that results in a decrease of cumulative performance fees earned to date. Since fund return hurdles are cumulative, previously recognized performance fees also may be reversed in a period of appreciation that is lower than the particular fund’s hurdle rate. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the reversals of performance fees were $60.7 million and $121.8 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the reversals of performance fees were $90.0 million and $95.0 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2017, accrued performance fees and accrued giveback obligations were approximately $3.5 billion and $67.6 million, respectively. Each balance assumes a hypothetical liquidation of the funds’ investments at September 30, 2017 at their then current fair values. These assets and liabilities will continue to fluctuate in accordance with the fair values of the fund investments until they are realized. As of September 30, 2017, approximately $38.3 million of the accrued giveback obligation is the responsibility of various current and former senior Carlyle professionals and other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, and the net accrued giveback obligation attributable to Carlyle Holdings is $29.3 million. The Partnership uses “net accrued performance fees” to refer to the accrued performance fees net of accrued giveback obligations, accrued performance fee compensation, performance fee-related tax obligations, and accrued performance fees attributable to non-controlling interests and excludes any net accrued performance fees that have been realized but will be collected in subsequent periods. Net accrued performance fees as of September 30, 2017 are $1.5 billion.
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In addition, realized performance fees may be reversed in future periods to the extent that such amounts become subject to a giveback obligation. If, at September 30, 2017, all investments held by our carry funds were deemed worthless, the amount of realized and previously distributed performance fees subject to potential giveback would be approximately $0.8 billion on an after-tax basis where applicable. See the related discussion of “Contingent Obligations (Giveback)” within “— Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Since Carlyle’s inception, we have realized a total of approximately $217.8 million in aggregate giveback obligations. Approximately $37.3 million of the $217.8 million in aggregate realized giveback obligations was attributable to Carlyle Holdings. The funding for employee obligations and givebacks related to carry realized pre-IPO is primarily through a collection of employee receivables related to giveback obligations and from non-controlling interests for their portion of the obligation. The realization of giveback obligations for the Partnership's portion of such obligations reduces Distributable Earnings in the period realized and negatively impacts earnings available for distribution to unitholders in the period realized. Further, each individual recipient of realized carried interest typically signs a guarantee agreement or partnership agreement that personally obligates such person to return his/her pro rata share of any amounts of realized carried interest previously distributed that are later clawed back. Accordingly, carried interest as performance fee compensation is subject to return to the Partnership in the event a giveback obligation is funded. Generally, the actual giveback liability, if any, does not become due until the end of a fund's life.
Each investment fund is considered separately in evaluating carried interest and potential giveback obligations. As a result, performance fees within funds will continue to fluctuate primarily due to certain investments within each fund constituting a material portion of the carry in that fund. Additionally, the fair value of investments in our funds may have substantial fluctuations from period to period.
In addition, in our discussion of our non-GAAP results, we use the term “net performance fees” to refer to the performance fees from our funds net of the portion allocated to our investment professionals, if any, and certain tax expenses associated with carried interest attributable to certain partners and employees, which are reflected as performance fee related compensation expense. We use the term “realized net performance fees” to refer to realized performance fees from our funds, net of the portion allocated to our investment professionals, if any, and certain tax expenses associated with carried interest attributable to certain partners and employees, which are reflected as realized performance fee related compensation expense. See “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for the amount of realized and unrealized performance fees recognized each period. See “— Segment Analysis” for the realized and unrealized performance fees by segment and related discussion for each period.
Fair Value Measurement. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework which ranks the observability of market price inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.
The table below summarizes the valuation of investments and other financial instruments included within our AUM, by segment and fair value hierarchy levels, as of September 30, 2017 (amounts in millions):
As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | Real Assets | Global Market Strategies | Investment Solutions | Total | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Results | |||||||||||||||||||
Level I | $ | 2,515 | $ | 2,447 | $ | 209 | $ | 750 | $ | 5,921 | |||||||||
Level II | 162 | 757 | 70 | 294 | 1,283 | ||||||||||||||
Level III | 36,711 | 21,530 | 24,484 | 29,940 | 112,665 | ||||||||||||||
Total Fair Value | 39,388 | 24,734 | 24,763 | 30,984 | 119,869 | ||||||||||||||
Other Net Asset Value | 3,135 | (835 | ) | (320 | ) | (633 | ) | 1,347 | |||||||||||
Total AUM, Excluding Available Capital Commitments | 42,523 | 23,899 | 24,443 | 30,351 | 121,216 | ||||||||||||||
Available Capital Commitments | 13,220 | 15,869 | 7,432 | 16,691 | 53,212 | ||||||||||||||
Total AUM | $ | 55,743 | $ | 39,768 | $ | 31,875 | $ | 47,042 | $ | 174,428 | |||||||||
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Investment Income, Interest, and Other Income. Investment income, interest, and other income represent the unrealized and realized gains and losses on our principal investments, including our investments in Carlyle funds that are not consolidated, our equity method investments and other principal investments, as well as any interest and other income. Investment income (loss) also includes the related amortization of the basis difference between the carrying value of our investment and our share of the underlying net assets of the investee, as well as the compensation expense associated with compensatory arrangements provided by us to employees of our equity method investee, as it relates to our investments in NGP. Realized investment income (loss) is recorded when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive or are due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. A realized investment loss is also recorded when an investment is deemed to be worthless. Unrealized investment income (loss) results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment, as well as the reversal of previously recognized unrealized gains (losses) at the time an investment is realized.
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds primarily represents the interest earned on CLO assets. However, the Consolidated Funds are not the same entities in all periods presented. The Consolidated Funds in future periods may change due to changes in fund terms, formation of new funds, and terminations of funds.
Revenue of a Real Estate VIE. Revenue of a real estate VIE consists of revenue generated by Urbplan, which primarily is revenue earned for land development services using the completed contract method and investment income earned on Urbplan's investments. Under the completed contract method of revenue recognition, revenue is not recognized until the period in which the land development services contract is completed, which can cause volatility from period to period based on which contracts are completed. Urbplan was deconsolidated from the Partnership's financial results during the three months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of the Partnership disposing of its interests in Urbplan in a transaction in which a third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan (see Note 15 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).
Net Investment Gains (Losses) of Consolidated Funds. Net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds measures the change in the difference in fair value between the assets and the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds. A gain (loss) indicates that the fair value of the assets of the Consolidated Funds appreciated more (less), or depreciated less (more), than the fair value of the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds. A gain or loss is not necessarily indicative of the investment performance of the Consolidated Funds and does not impact the management or incentive fees received by Carlyle for its management of the Consolidated Funds. The portion of the net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds attributable to the limited partner investors is allocated to non-controlling interests. Therefore a gain or loss is not expected to have a material impact on the revenues or profitability of the Partnership. Moreover, although the assets of the Consolidated Funds are consolidated onto our balance sheet pursuant to U.S. GAAP, ultimately we do not have recourse to such assets and such liabilities are generally non-recourse to us. Therefore, a gain or loss from the Consolidated Funds generally does not impact the assets available to our equity holders.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation includes salaries, bonuses, equity-based compensation, and performance payment arrangements. Bonuses are accrued over the service period to which they relate.
We recognize as compensation expense the portion of performance fees that are due to our employees, senior Carlyle professionals, and operating executives in a manner consistent with how we recognize the performance fee revenue. These amounts are accounted for as compensation expense in conjunction with the related performance fee revenue and, until paid, are recognized as a component of the accrued compensation and benefits liability. Compensation in respect of performance fees is paid when the related performance fees are realized, and not when such performance fees are accrued. The funds do not have a uniform allocation of performance fees to our employees, senior Carlyle professionals and operating executives. Therefore, for any given period, the ratio of performance fee compensation to performance fee revenue may vary based on the funds generating the performance fee revenue for that period and their particular allocation percentages.
In addition, we have implemented various equity-based compensation arrangements that require senior Carlyle professionals and other employees to vest ownership of a portion of their equity interests over a service period of up to 60 months, which under U.S. GAAP will result in compensation charges over current and future periods. Further, in order to recruit and retain existing and future senior Carlyle professionals and other employees, we have implemented additional equity-based compensation programs that have resulted in increases to our equity-based compensation expenses, which is a trend that may continue in the future if we increase our issuance of deferred restricted common units as employee compensation. For example, in February 2017, we granted approximately 7.6 million deferred restricted common units across a significant number of our employees for a total estimated grant-date fair value of approximately $106 million; these awards vest over a period of
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18 to 60 months. Compensation charges associated with the equity-based compensation grants issued in our initial public offering in May 2012 or grants issued in acquisitions or strategic investments are excluded from our calculation of Economic Net Income. Compensation charges associated with all equity-based compensation grants are excluded from Fee Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings.
We may hire additional individuals and overall compensation levels may correspondingly increase, which could result in an increase in compensation and benefits expense. As a result of acquisitions, we have charges associated with contingent consideration taking the form of earn-outs and profit participation, some of which are reflected as compensation expense. A portion of our compensation expense relates to internal fundraising costs, and compensation will fluctuate based on increases or decreases in our fundraising activity. Amounts due to employees related to such fundraising will be expensed when earned even though the benefit of the new capital and related fees will be reflected in operations over the life of the related fund.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative, and other expenses include occupancy and equipment expenses and other expenses, which consist principally of professional fees, including those related to our global regulatory compliance program, external costs of fundraising, travel and related expenses, communications and information services, depreciation and amortization (including intangible asset amortization and impairment) and foreign currency transactions. We expect that general, administrative and other expenses will vary due to infrequently occurring or unusual items, such as the impairment of intangible assets and expenses associated with litigation and contingencies. Also, in periods of significant fundraising, to the extent that we use third parties to assist in our fundraising efforts, our general, administrative and other expenses may increase accordingly. Additionally, we anticipate that general, administrative and other expenses will fluctuate from period to period due to the impact of foreign exchange transactions.
We also could incur additional expenses in the future related to our acquisitions including amortization of acquired intangibles, earn-outs to equity holders and fair value adjustments on contingent consideration issued, as well as related to our global compliance efforts. As discussed in Note 6 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we evaluate our intangible assets (including goodwill) for impairment and could record additional impairment losses in future periods.
Interest and Other Expenses of Consolidated Funds. The interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds consist primarily of interest expenses related primarily to our CLO loans, professional fees and other third-party expenses.
Interest and Other Expenses of a Real Estate VIE and Loss on Deconsolidation. Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation reflects the loss recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of the Partnership disposing of its interests in Urbplan in a transaction in which a third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan, which resulted in the deconsolidation of Urbplan from the Partnership's financial results (see Note 15 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). This line item also includes expenses incurred by Urbplan prior to deconsolidation, which consisted primarily of interest expense, general and administrative expenses, impairment charges, compensation and benefits, and costs associated with land development services. Also included in this caption was the change in our estimate of the fair value of Urbplan's loans payable.
Income Taxes. The Carlyle Holdings partnerships and their subsidiaries primarily operate as pass-through entities for U.S. income tax purposes and record a provision for state and local income taxes for certain entities based on applicable laws and a provision for foreign income taxes for certain foreign entities. In addition, Carlyle Holdings I GP Inc. is subject to U.S. income taxes on only a portion of our income or loss. Depending on the sources of our taxable income or loss, our income tax provision or benefit can vary significantly from period to period.
Income taxes for foreign entities are accounted for using the asset and liability method of accounting. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period in which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. Wth a few exceptions, as of September 30, 2017, our U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2014 through 2016 are open under the normal three-year statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. State and local tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2012 to 2016. Foreign tax returns are generally subject to audit from 2009 to 2016. Certain of our affiliates are currently under audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. Currently, the Internal Revenue Service is examining the tax returns of certain subsidiaries for the 2013, 2014 and 2015 years. We do not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities. Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities represent the component of equity in consolidated entities not held by us. These interests are adjusted for general partner allocations.
We record significant non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings relating to the ownership interests of the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The Partnership, through wholly owned subsidiaries, is the sole general partner of Carlyle Holdings. Accordingly, the Partnership consolidates the financial position and results of operations of Carlyle Holdings into its financial statements, and the other ownership interests in Carlyle Holdings are reflected as a non-controlling interest in the Partnership’s financial statements.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Economic Net Income. Economic net income, or “ENI,” is a key performance benchmark used in our industry. ENI differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes certain tax expenses associated with performance fees, and does not include net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interests in consolidated entities or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges associated with equity-based compensation that was issued in the initial public offering in May 2012 or is issued in acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent consideration issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance. We believe the inclusion or exclusion of these items provides investors with a meaningful indication of our core operating performance. For segment reporting purposes, revenues and expenses, and, accordingly, segment net income, are presented on a basis that deconsolidates the Consolidated Funds. Total Segment ENI equals the aggregate of ENI for all segments. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed further under “Consolidated Results of Operations” prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Fee Related Earnings. Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE,” is a component of ENI and measures our operating profitability exclusive of performance fees, investment income from investments in our funds, performance fee-related compensation, equity-based compensation expense, and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain. Accordingly, Fee Related Earnings reflect the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from fee revenues other than performance fees. Fee Related Earnings are reported as part of our segment results. We use Fee Related Earnings from operations to measure our profitability from fund management fees.
Distributable Earnings. Distributable Earnings is FRE plus realized net performance fees and realized investment income. Distributable Earnings is intended to show the amount of net realized earnings without the effects of consolidation of the Consolidated Funds. Distributable Earnings is derived from our segment reported results and is an additional measure to assess performance and determine amounts potentially available for distribution from Carlyle Holdings to its unitholders. Distributable Earnings is evaluated regularly by management in making resource deployment and compensation decisions and in assessing performance of our four segments. We also use Distributable Earnings in our budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of our segments. We believe that reporting Distributable Earnings is helpful to understanding our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative asset management industry.
Fee-earning Assets under Management
Fee-earning assets under management or Fee-earning AUM refers to the assets we manage or advise from which we derive recurring fund management fees. Our Fee-earning AUM is generally based on one of the following, once fees have been activated:
(a) | the amount of limited partner capital commitments, generally for carry funds where the original investment period has not expired, for AlpInvest carry funds during the commitment fee period and for Metropolitan carry funds during the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); |
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(b) | the remaining amount of limited partner invested capital at cost, generally for carry funds and certain co-investment vehicles where the original investment period has expired and Metropolitan carry funds after the expiration of the weighted-average investment period of the underlying funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); |
(c) | the amount of aggregate fee-earning collateral balance at par of our collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), as defined in the fund indentures (typically exclusive of equities and defaulted positions) as of the quarterly cut-off date for each CLO (see “Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); |
(d) | the external investor portion of the net asset value of our hedge fund and fund of hedge funds vehicles (pre redemptions and subscriptions), as well as certain carry funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); |
(e) | the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), excluding cash and cash equivalents of our business development companies and certain carry funds (see “Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period); and |
(f) | the lower of cost or fair value of invested capital, generally for AlpInvest carry funds where the commitment fee period has expired and certain carry funds where the investment period has expired, (see “Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other” in the table below for the amount of this component at each period). |
The table below details Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
As of September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||
Components of Fee-earning AUM | |||||||
Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments (1) | $ | 60,065 | $ | 51,256 | |||
Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 21,252 | 27,922 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par (3) | 17,647 | 17,677 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value (4) | 1,518 | 5,103 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other (5) | 21,299 | 21,794 | |||||
Balance, End of Period (6) | $ | 121,781 | $ | 123,752 | |||
(1) | Reflects limited partner capital commitments where the original investment period, weighted-average investment period, or commitment fee period has not expired. |
(2) | Reflects limited partner invested capital at cost and includes amounts committed to or reserved for investments for certain Real Assets and Investment Solutions funds. |
(3) | Represents the amount of aggregate Fee-earning collateral balances and principal balances, at par, for our CLOs/structured products. |
(4) | Reflects the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our hedge funds, fund of hedge funds vehicles, and certain other carry funds. |
(5) | Includes funds with fees based on gross asset value. |
(6) | Energy II, Energy III, Energy IV, and Renew II (collectively, the “Legacy Energy Funds”), are managed with Riverstone Holdings LLC and its affiliates. Affiliates of both Carlyle and Riverstone act as investment advisers to each of the Legacy Energy Funds. Carlyle has a minority representation on the management committees of Energy IV and Renew II. Carlyle and Riverstone each hold half of the seats on the management committees of Energy II and Energy III, but the investment period for these funds has expired and the remaining investments in such funds are being disposed of in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2017, the Legacy Energy Funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $5.2 billion in AUM and $3.8 billion in Fee-earning AUM. We are no longer raising capital for the Legacy Energy Funds and expect these balances to continue to decrease over time as the funds wind down. |
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The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Consolidated Results | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 116,134 | $ | 125,319 | $ | 114,994 | $ | 130,994 | |||||||
Inflows, including Fee-paying Commitments (1) | 7,708 | 3,438 | 12,747 | 8,043 | |||||||||||
Outflows, including Distributions (2) | (3,590 | ) | (3,662 | ) | (9,751 | ) | (11,350 | ) | |||||||
Subscriptions, net of Redemptions (3) | — | (955 | ) | — | (3,850 | ) | |||||||||
Changes in CLO collateral balances (4) | 332 | (267 | ) | (17 | ) | (400 | ) | ||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (5) | (65 | ) | (710 | ) | (220 | ) | (1,439 | ) | |||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (6) | 1,262 | 589 | 4,028 | 1,754 | |||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 121,781 | $ | 123,752 | $ | 121,781 | $ | 123,752 | |||||||
(1) | Inflows represent limited partner capital raised and capital invested by our carry funds and the NGP management fee funds outside the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period. Inflows do not include funds raised of $5.5 billion, which are not yet earning fees. |
(2) | Outflows represent limited partner distributions from our carry funds and NGP management fee funds, changes in basis for our carry funds where the investment period, weighted-average investment period or commitment fee period has expired, and reductions for funds that are no longer calling for fees. |
(3) | Represents the net result of subscriptions to and redemptions from our hedge funds and fund of hedge funds vehicles. |
(4) | Represents the change in the aggregate Fee-earning collateral balances at par of our CLOs/structured products, as of the quarterly cut-off dates. |
(5) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value and also includes for periods prior to their disposition, the changes in the net asset value of our former hedge funds and fund of hedge funds vehicles. |
(6) | Includes activity of funds with fees based on gross asset value. Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Fee-earning AUM for each of the periods presented by segment.
Assets under Management
Assets under management or AUM refers to the assets we manage or advise. Our AUM equals the sum of the following:
(a) the fair value of the capital invested in carry funds and related co-investment vehicles and NGP management fee funds plus the capital that Carlyle is entitled to call from investors in those funds and vehicles (including Carlyle commitments to those funds and vehicles and those of senior Carlyle professionals and employees) pursuant to the terms of their capital commitments to those funds and vehicles;
(b) | the amount of aggregate collateral balance and principal cash at par or aggregate principal amount of the notes of our CLOs and other structured products (inclusive of all positions); |
(c) | the net asset value (pre-redemptions and subscriptions) of our long/short credit, emerging markets, multi-product macroeconomic, fund of hedge funds vehicles, mutual fund and other hedge funds; and |
(d) | the gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage) of our business development companies. |
We include in our calculation of AUM and Fee-earning AUM certain energy and renewable resources funds that we jointly advise with Riverstone and certain NGP management fee funds and carry funds that are advised by NGP.
For most of our carry funds, total AUM includes the fair value of the capital invested, whereas Fee-earning AUM includes the amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital at cost, depending on whether the
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original investment period for the fund has expired. As such, Fee-earning AUM may be greater than total AUM when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
Our calculations of Fee-earning AUM and AUM may differ from the calculations of other alternative asset managers. As a result, these measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other alternative asset managers. In addition, our calculation of AUM (but not Fee-earning AUM) includes uncalled commitments to, and the fair value of invested capital in, our investment funds from Carlyle and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to management or performance fees. Our calculations of AUM or Fee-earning AUM are not based on any definition of AUM or Fee-earning AUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage or advise.
We generally use Fee-earning AUM as a metric to measure changes in the assets from which we earn recurring management fees. Total AUM tends to be a better measure of our investment and fundraising performance as it reflects assets at fair value plus available uncalled capital.
Available Capital
Available capital, commonly known as “dry powder,” for our carry funds and NGP management fee funds refer to the amount of capital commitments available to be called for investments. Amounts previously called may be added back to available capital following certain distributions. “Expired Available Capital” occurs when a fund has passed the investment and follow-on periods and can no longer invest capital into new or existing deals. Any remaining Available Capital, typically a result of either recycled distributions or specific reserves established for the follow-on period that are not drawn, can only be called for fees and expenses and is therefore removed from the Total AUM calculation.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Available Capital and Fair Value of Capital, and the resulting rollforward of Total AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 54,096 | $ | 115,729 | $ | 169,825 | $ | 50,140 | $ | 107,467 | $ | 157,607 | |||||||||||
Commitments (1) | 4,880 | — | 4,880 | 13,929 | — | 13,929 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital Called, net (2) | (6,813 | ) | 6,765 | (48 | ) | (13,534 | ) | 13,255 | (279 | ) | |||||||||||||
Distributions (3) | 691 | (5,797 | ) | (5,106 | ) | 1,647 | (16,316 | ) | (14,669 | ) | |||||||||||||
Subscriptions, net of Redemptions (4) | — | — | — | — | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Changes in CLO collateral balances (5) | — | 377 | 377 | — | 131 | 131 | |||||||||||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (6) | — | 2,479 | 2,479 | — | 11,899 | 11,899 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (7) | 358 | 1,663 | 2,021 | 1,030 | 4,787 | 5,817 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 53,212 | $ | 121,216 | $ | 174,428 | $ | 53,212 | $ | 121,216 | $ | 174,428 | |||||||||||
(1) | Represents capital raised by our carry funds and NGP management fee funds, net of expired available capital. |
(2) | Represents capital called by our carry funds and NGP management fee funds, net of fund fees and expenses and investments in our business development companies. Invested capital amounts may vary from capital called due to timing differences between investment acquisition and capital call dates. |
(3) | Represents distributions from our carry funds and NGP management fee funds, net of amounts recycled and distributions from our business development companies. Distributions are based on when proceeds are actually distributed to investors, which may differ from when they are realized. |
(4) | Represents the net result of subscriptions to and redemptions from our hedge funds and and fund of hedge funds vehicles. |
(5) | Represents the change in the aggregate collateral balance and principal cash at par of the CLOs/structured products. |
(6) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments. Appreciation for the third quarter of 2017 was driven by 2% appreciation ($0.2 billion) in the public portfolio and 3% appreciation ($1.5 billion) in the private portfolio of our Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, and Global Market |
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Strategies carry funds, in addition to $0.9 billion of appreciation in our Investment Solutions carry funds. This also includes for periods prior to their disposition, changes in the net asset value of our hedge funds, mutual fund, and fund of hedge funds vehicles.
(7) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds and other changes in AUM. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Please refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Total AUM for each of the periods presented.
The table below presents the change in appreciation on portfolio investments of our carry funds. Please refer to “— Segment Analysis” for a detailed discussion by segment of the activity affecting Total AUM for each of the periods presented.
(1) | Corporate Private Equity, Real Assets, and Global Market Strategies carry funds only, excluding external co-investment. |
(2) | For Carlyle returns, “Appreciation/Depreciation” represents realized and unrealized gain / loss for the period on a total return basis before fees and expenses. The percentage of return is calculated as the sum of ending remaining investment fair market value ("FMV") and net investment outflow (sales proceeds less net purchases) less beginning remaining investment FMV divided by beginning remaining investment FMV. |
(3) | Public portfolio includes initial public offerings ("IPO") that occurred in the quarter. Investments may be reported as private in quarters prior to the IPO quarter. |
(4) | The MSCI ACWI - All Cap Index represents the performance of the MSCI All Country World Index across all market capitalization sizes of the global equity market. There are significant differences between the types of securities and assets typically acquired by our carry funds and the investments covered by the MSCI All Country World Index. Specifically, our carry funds may make investments in securities and other assets that have a greater degree of risk and volatility, and less liquidity, than those securities included in the MSCI All Country World Index. Moreover, investors in the securities included in the MSCI All Country World Index may not be subject to the management fees, carried interest or expenses to which investors in our carry funds are typically subject. Comparisons between the our carry fund appreciation and the MSCI All Country World Index are included for informational purposes only. |
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Consolidation of Certain Carlyle Funds
The Partnership consolidates all entities that it controls either through a majority voting interest or as the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities. On January 1, 2016, the Partnership adopted ASU 2015-2, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which provides a revised consolidation model for all reporting entities to use in evaluating whether to consolidate certain types of legal entities. As a result, the Partnership deconsolidated the majority of the Partnership's consolidated funds on January 1, 2016. The entities we consolidate are referred to collectively as the Consolidated Funds in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. For further information on our consolidation policy, see Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
As of September 30, 2017, our Consolidated Funds represent approximately 2% of our AUM; 2% of our fund management fees for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017; and less than 1% of our performance fees for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
We are not required under the consolidation guidance to consolidate in our financial statements most of the investment funds we advise. However, we consolidate certain CLOs that we advise. As of September 30, 2017, our consolidated CLOs held approximately $4.5 billion of total assets and comprised substantially all of the assets and loans payable of the Consolidated Funds. The assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are non-recourse to us. For further information on consolidation of certain funds, see Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Generally, the consolidation of the Consolidated Funds has a gross-up effect on our assets, liabilities and cash flows but has no net effect on the net income attributable to the Partnership and partners’ capital. The majority of the net economic ownership interests of the Consolidated Funds are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated entities in the consolidated financial statements. For further information, see Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Because only a small portion of our funds are consolidated, the performance of the Consolidated Funds is not necessarily consistent with or representative of the combined performance trends of all of our funds.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table and discussion sets forth information regarding our unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on substantially the same basis for all historical periods presented; however, the consolidated funds are not the same entities in all periods shown due to changes in U.S. GAAP, changes in fund terms and the creation and termination of funds. As further described below, the consolidation of these funds primarily had the impact of increasing interest and other income of Consolidated Funds, interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds, and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds in the year that the fund is initially consolidated. The consolidation of these funds had no effect on net income attributable to the Partnership for the periods presented.
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Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions, except unit and per unit data) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 262.5 | $ | 255.1 | $ | 747.6 | $ | 817.1 | |||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 411.8 | 383.4 | 852.7 | 905.1 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (126.2 | ) | (168.7 | ) | 658.1 | (334.3 | ) | ||||||||
Total performance fees | 285.6 | 214.7 | 1,510.8 | 570.8 | |||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 15.5 | 40.7 | 42.0 | 92.2 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 21.7 | 29.8 | 100.5 | 34.0 | |||||||||||
Total investment income | 37.2 | 70.5 | 142.5 | 126.2 | |||||||||||
Interest and other income | 9.9 | 5.3 | 25.9 | 15.0 | |||||||||||
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 44.7 | 43.0 | 132.6 | 107.8 | |||||||||||
Revenue of a real estate VIE | — | 18.7 | 109.0 | 61.5 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 639.9 | 607.3 | 2,668.4 | 1,698.4 | |||||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Base compensation | 174.1 | 154.3 | 471.1 | 470.5 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 81.0 | 81.4 | 241.8 | 265.8 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 189.4 | 189.0 | 401.9 | 423.0 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (51.8 | ) | (78.1 | ) | 309.9 | (146.1 | ) | ||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 392.7 | 346.6 | 1,424.7 | 1,013.2 | |||||||||||
General, administrative and other expenses | (18.7 | ) | 188.9 | 170.9 | 362.6 | ||||||||||
Interest | 16.9 | 15.6 | 48.4 | 46.3 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 37.2 | 32.3 | 160.9 | 87.3 | |||||||||||
Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation | 64.5 | 82.1 | 202.5 | 157.9 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating expenses (income) | — | (3.7 | ) | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
Total expenses | 492.6 | 661.8 | 2,007.5 | 1,668.1 | |||||||||||
Other income | |||||||||||||||
Net investment gains of Consolidated Funds | 18.6 | 4.8 | 76.4 | 3.1 | |||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 165.9 | (49.7 | ) | 737.3 | 33.4 | ||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (1.3 | ) | 1.0 | 17.7 | 32.7 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | 167.2 | (50.7 | ) | 719.6 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 27.6 | (29.1 | ) | 47.4 | (29.8 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings | 139.6 | (21.6 | ) | 672.2 | 30.5 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Carlyle Holdings | 95.0 | (22.4 | ) | 487.0 | 15.2 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. | $ | 44.6 | $ | 0.8 | $ | 185.2 | $ | 15.3 | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. per common unit | |||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.47 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 2.06 | $ | 0.19 | |||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.43 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.90 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||
Weighted-average common units | |||||||||||||||
Basic | 95,198,102 | 83,602,503 | 89,815,112 | 82,062,633 | |||||||||||
Diluted | 334,392,424 | 312,534,968 | 97,538,190 | 306,981,103 | |||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Revenues
Total revenues increased $32.6 million, or 5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $970.0 million, or 57% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Total Revenue, September 30, 2016 | $ | 607.3 | $ | 1,698.4 | ||
Increase (decrease) in fund management fees | 7.4 | (69.5 | ) | |||
Increase in performance fees | 70.9 | 940.0 | ||||
(Decrease) increase in investment income | (33.3 | ) | 16.3 | |||
Increase in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 1.7 | 24.8 | ||||
(Decrease) increase in revenue from a real estate VIE | (18.7 | ) | 47.5 | |||
All other changes | 4.6 | 10.9 | ||||
Total increase | 32.6 | 970.0 | ||||
Total Revenue, September 30, 2017 | $ | 639.9 | $ | 2,668.4 | ||
Fund Management Fees. Fund management fees increased $7.4 million, or 3%, to $262.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $69.5 million, or 9%, to $747.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Higher management fees from the commencement of the investment period for certain newly raised funds | $ | 31.0 | 59.6 | |||
Lower management fees resulting from the change in basis for earning management fees from commitments to invested capital for certain funds and from distributions from funds whose management fees are based on invested capital | (11.5 | ) | (48.8 | ) | ||
Decrease in catch-up management fees from subsequent closes of funds that are in the fundraising period | (0.1 | ) | (6.5 | ) | ||
Lower management fees from lower assets under management in our former hedge funds | (16.8 | ) | (60.2 | ) | ||
Higher (lower) transaction and portfolio advisory fees | 5.0 | (9.1 | ) | |||
All other changes | (0.2 | ) | (4.5 | ) | ||
Total increase (decrease) in fund management fees | $ | 7.4 | $ | (69.5 | ) | |
Fund management fees include transaction and portfolio advisory fees, net of rebate offsets, of $10.2 million and $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $28.0 million and $37.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The $9.1 million decrease in transaction and portfolio advisory fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 resulted primarily from a significant transaction related to one of our U.S. buyout funds in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
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Performance Fees. Performance fees increased $70.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $940.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Performance fees by segment on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 comprised the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | |||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 159.6 | $ | 186.5 | $ | 1,147.4 | $ | 283.0 | |||||
Real Assets | 74.5 | (19.1 | ) | 214.0 | 198.6 | ||||||||
Global Market Strategies | 17.2 | 17.8 | 50.8 | 26.8 | |||||||||
Investment Solutions | 34.3 | 29.5 | 98.6 | 62.4 | |||||||||
Total performance fees | $ | 285.6 | $ | 214.7 | $ | 1,510.8 | $ | 570.8 | |||||
Total carry fund appreciation | 3% | 3% | 14% | 7% | |||||||||
Approximately $110.4 million of our performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were related to CP VI, CP V, CIEP, and CEOF while approximately $107.9 million of our performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were related to CP VI, CRP V, and CAP III. Approximately $979.9 million of our performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were related to CP VI, CP V, and CAP IV, while approximately $338.2 million of our performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were related to CP VI, CP V, and CRP VII.
Expectations for global economic growth generally have strengthened since the end of the second quarter, with upward revisions to the International Monetary Fund’s global growth forecasts for both 2017 and 2018. Public and proprietary data suggest manufacturing and related trade flows have been responsible for most of the acceleration in global growth. Our proprietary portfolio economic data also indicates that trade-sensitive industrial orders have been growing at their fastest rates since 2011, which has supported earnings growth across our global portfolio during the first three quarters of 2017. Private equity has benefited from these favorable financial market conditions, which have resulted in tight credit spreads on portfolio company loan and bond issuances and a healthy fundraising environment. Further, while higher asset valuations may continue to put downward pressure on rates of return for new investments across all asset classes, we remain confident in our ability to find investment opportunities that meet the investment criteria and strategic focus of our investment funds. The positive economic climate and the strong underlying performance of many of the portfolio companies in our funds facilitated the appreciation of our carry funds during the third quarter. The measurement of our performance fees for any given period reflects the change in the valuation of our portfolios for funds that have exceeded their performance hurdles and are otherwise in accrued carry which is impacted by market volatility. During the third quarter, our overall carry fund portfolio appreciated by 3% and is up 19% for the last twelve months. Our Corporate Private Equity funds increased 4% and our real estate funds up 3% and natural resources up 5% in the third quarter. The valuation of our Global Market Strategies carry funds was flat in the third quarter with strength in distressed credit offset by weakness in energy debt funds. Dollar denominated appreciation in Investment Solutions was 2.5%, but as AlpInvest funds are primarily denominated in Euros, they were negatively impacted by the strength of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar during the quarter. Our private carry fund portfolio appreciated by 4% and our public carry fund portfolio appreciated by 1% during the third quarter, each excluding Investment Solutions.
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Investment Income. Investment income decreased $33.3 million to $37.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to investment income of $70.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $16.3 million to $142.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to investment income of $126.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
(Decrease) increase in investment income from NGP, which includes performance fees from the investments in NGP | $ | (29.4 | ) | $ | 29.6 | |
Investment loss related to Q1 2017 amended NGP agreements (See Note 5 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements) | — | (20.8 | ) | |||
(Decrease) increase in investment income from our buyout and growth funds | (6.0 | ) | 0.9 | |||
Decrease in losses on foreign currency hedges | 3.0 | 12.5 | ||||
Increase (decrease) in investment income from our real assets funds, excluding NGP | 0.3 | (7.0 | ) | |||
Decrease in investment loss from our distressed debt funds, former hedge funds, and energy mezzanine funds | 0.4 | 3.7 | ||||
Decrease in investment income from CLOs | (4.1 | ) | (9.2 | ) | ||
All other changes | 2.5 | 6.6 | ||||
Total (decrease) increase in investment income | $ | (33.3 | ) | $ | 16.3 | |
Interest and Other Income of Consolidated Funds. Our CLOs generate interest income primarily from investments in bonds and loans inclusive of amortization of discounts and generate other income from consent and amendment fees. Substantially all interest and other income of the CLOs and other consolidated funds together with interest expense of our CLOs and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds is attributable to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors and therefore is allocated to non-controlling interests. Accordingly, such amounts have no material impact on net income attributable to the Partnership.
Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds increased $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Substantially all of the increase in interest and other income of Consolidated Funds for both periods relates to increased interest income from CLOs.
Revenue of a Real Estate VIE. Revenue of a real estate VIE was $18.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. There was no revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to the deconsolidation of the VIE (see Note 15 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).
Revenue of a real estate VIE was $109.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $61.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in revenue of a real estate VIE for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to an increase in the number of completed land development projects in the first half of 2017 prior to deconsolidation as compared to 2016, partially offset by a decrease in investment income.
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Expenses
Total expenses decreased $169.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $339.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in total expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Total Expenses, September 30, 2016 | $ | 661.8 | $ | 1,668.1 | ||
Increases (Decreases): | ||||||
Increase in total compensation and benefits | 46.1 | 411.5 | ||||
Decrease in general, administrative and other expenses | (207.6 | ) | (191.7 | ) | ||
Increase in interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds | 4.9 | 73.6 | ||||
(Decrease) increase in interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation | (17.6 | ) | 44.6 | |||
All other changes | 5.0 | 1.4 | ||||
Total (decrease) increase | (169.2 | ) | 339.4 | |||
Total Expenses, September 30, 2017 | $ | 492.6 | $ | 2,007.5 | ||
Total Compensation and Benefits. Total compensation and benefits increased $46.1 million, or 13%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $411.5 million, or 41%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Increase in base compensation | $ | 19.8 | $ | 0.6 | ||
Decrease in equity-based compensation | (0.4 | ) | (24.0 | ) | ||
Increase in performance fee related compensation | 26.7 | 434.9 | ||||
Total increase in total compensation and benefits | $ | 46.1 | $ | 411.5 | ||
Base compensation and benefits. Base compensation and benefits increased $19.8 million, or 13%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $0.6 million, or 0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Decrease in hedge fund headcount and bonuses | $ | (3.4 | ) | $ | (21.6 | ) |
Increase (decrease) in all other headcount and bonuses | 16.7 | (9.3 | ) | |||
Increase in compensation costs associated with fundraising activities | 5.6 | 17.7 | ||||
Absence in 2017 of prior year net write-down of acquisition- related compensatory arrangements | 0.9 | 13.8 | ||||
Total increase in base compensation and benefits | $ | 19.8 | $ | 0.6 | ||
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Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation decreased $24.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in equity-based compensation was due primarily to the forfeiture of equity-based awards due to employee terminations occurring since the third quarter of 2016 and the accounting policy change on January 1, 2017 to account for forfeitures as they occur instead of estimating an expense at the grant date. These decreases were partially offset by the settlement of the DGAM earnout arrangement due to the commencement of the wind down of DGAM during 2016 in which a reduction of expense was incurred in 2016 and by ongoing grants of deferred restricted common units to new and existing employees during 2016 and 2017.
Performance fee related compensation expense. Performance fee related compensation expense increased $26.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $434.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Performance fee related compensation as a percentage of performance fees was 48% and 47% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and 52% and 49% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. For our largest segment, Corporate Private Equity, our performance fee related compensation expense as a percentage of performance fees is generally around 45%. Performance fees from our Investment Solutions segment pay a higher ratio of performance fees as compensation. Conversely, performance fees from the Legacy Energy funds in the Real Assets segment are primarily allocated to Carlyle because the investment teams for the Legacy Energy funds are employed by Riverstone and not Carlyle.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreased $207.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $191.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Lower intangible asset amortization | $ | (8.5 | ) | (22.8 | ) | |
(Lower) higher expenses for litigation and contingencies * | (125.0 | ) | 23.8 | |||
Net insurance proceeds recognized for certain legal matters | (74.0 | ) | (212.6 | ) | ||
Lower professional fees and office expenses | (7.5 | ) | (10.8 | ) | ||
Lower external fundraising costs | (1.2 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||
Foreign exchange and other changes | 8.6 | 31.3 | ||||
Total decrease in general, administrative and other expenses | $ | (207.6 | ) | $ | (191.7 | ) |
* For the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, this reflects the $100 million Q3 2016 commodities charge as compared to the $25 million reversal of the CCC litigation reserve in Q3 2017.
Interest and Other Expenses of Consolidated Funds. Interest and other expenses of Consolidated Funds increased $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $73.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase for both periods is primarily due to higher interest expense on the consolidated CLOs.
The CLOs incur interest expense on their loans payable and incur other expenses consisting of trustee fees, rating agency fees and professional fees. Substantially all interest and other income of the CLOs together with interest expense of our CLOs and net investment gains (losses) of Consolidated Funds is attributable to the related funds’ limited partners or CLO investors and therefore is allocated to non-controlling interests. Accordingly, such amounts have no material impact on net income attributable to the Partnership.
Interest and Other Expenses of a Real Estate VIE and Loss on Deconsolidation. Interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation decreased $17.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $44.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership recognized a loss of approximately $65 million as a result of the Partnership disposing of its interests in Urbplan in a transaction in which a third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan. With this
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transaction, Urbplan has been deconsolidated from the Partnership's financial results (see Note 15 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). Excluding the effect of this transaction, Urbplan's income before provision for income taxes (including interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation) was not material for the three months ended September 30, 2017.
The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to:
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||
2017 v. 2016 | |||
(Dollars in Millions) | |||
Higher expenses associated with land development services | $ | 45.5 | |
Lower income related to fair market value adjustment for Urbplan loans | (4.0 | ) | |
Lower interest expense | (17.7 | ) | |
Lower compensation and benefits | (2.7 | ) | |
Lower general, administrative and other expenses | (41.0 | ) | |
Loss on deconsolidation | $ | 64.5 | |
Total increase in interest and other expenses of a real estate VIE and loss on deconsolidation | $ | 44.6 | |
Other Non-operating Expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, this caption primarily represents the change in fair value of contingent consideration associated with the Partnership's acquisitions.
The increase in other non-operating expenses for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was the result of the separation from ESG and Claren Road and the associated termination of their respective earnout arrangements and the change in fair value of contingent consideration associated with the Partnership's other acquisitions.
Net Investment Gains of Consolidated Funds
For the three months ended September 30, 2017, net investment gains of Consolidated Funds were $18.6 million as compared to net investment gains of $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net investment gains of Consolidated Funds were $76.4 million as compared to net investment gains of $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net investment gains (losses) comprise the activity of the consolidated CLOs and certain other funds. For the consolidated CLOs, the amount reflects the net gain or loss on the fair value adjustment of both assets and liabilities. The components of net investment gains of consolidated funds for the respective periods are:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Realized losses | $ | (3.3 | ) | $ | — | $ | (9.1 | ) | $ | (9.6 | ) | ||||
Net change in unrealized gains | 0.8 | 18.6 | 36.2 | 54.6 | |||||||||||
Total gains (losses) | (2.5 | ) | 18.6 | 27.1 | 45.0 | ||||||||||
Gains (losses) from liabilities of CLOs | 21.1 | (15.9 | ) | 49.3 | (43.8 | ) | |||||||||
Gains on other assets of CLOs | — | 2.1 | — | 1.9 | |||||||||||
Total investment gains of Consolidated Funds | $ | 18.6 | $ | 4.8 | $ | 76.4 | $ | 3.1 | |||||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the unrealized investment gains/losses primarily included the appreciation/depreciation of consolidated funds.
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The net investment gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | |||||||||||||
Gains (losses) attributable to other consolidated funds | $ | 13.9 | $ | (2.1 | ) | $ | 13.9 | $ | 0.6 | ||||
Net appreciation of CLOs | 4.7 | 6.9 | 62.5 | 2.5 | |||||||||
Total net investment gains | $ | 18.6 | $ | 4.8 | $ | 76.4 | $ | 3.1 | |||||
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $27.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities of $29.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $47.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities of $29.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These amounts are primarily attributable to the net earnings or losses of non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries and non-controlling interest in carried interest and giveback obligations for each period. This balance also includes the allocation of Urbplan’s net losses that are attributable to non-controlling interests.
The net income (loss) of our Consolidated Funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is comprised of the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) from the consolidated CLOs | $ | (2.8 | ) | $ | 8.8 | $ | (1.9 | ) | $ | 5.7 | |||
Net income (loss) from other consolidated funds | 13.8 | (2.2 | ) | 13.7 | (0.7 | ) | |||||||
Total net income of our Consolidated Funds | $ | 11.0 | $ | 6.6 | $ | 11.8 | $ | 5.0 | |||||
Net Income Attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P.
The net income attributable to the Partnership was $44.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to net income attributable to the Partnership of $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The net income attributable to the Partnership was $185.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to net income attributable to the Partnership of $15.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Partnership is allocated a portion of the monthly net income (loss) attributable to Carlyle Holdings based on the Partnership’s ownership in Carlyle Holdings (which was approximately 29% and 26% as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively). Net income or loss attributable to the Partnership also includes 100% of the net income or loss attributable to the Partnership’s wholly-owned taxable subsidiary, Carlyle Holdings I GP Inc., which was $5.4 million and $8.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $2.5 million and $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As a result, the total net income or loss attributable to the Partnership will vary as a percentage of the net income or loss attributable to Carlyle Holdings.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables set forth information in the format used by management when making resource deployment decisions and in assessing performance of our segments. These non-GAAP financial measures are presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The tables below show our total segment Economic Net Income which is the sum of Fee Related Earnings, Net Performance Fees, Investment Income (Loss), and Equity-based compensation expense (excluding equity-based compensation grants issued in May 2012 upon the completion of the initial public offering or grants issued in acquisitions or strategic investments). Our Non-GAAP financial measures exclude the effects of consolidated funds, acquisition-related items including amortization and any impairment charges of acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration taking the form of earn-outs, charges associated with equity-based compensation grants issued in May 2012 upon completion of the initial public offering or grants issued in acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, corporate actions and infrequently occurring or unusual events.
The following table shows our total segment Economic Net Income, Fee Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Total Segment Revenues | $ | 547.5 | $ | 539.5 | $ | 2,407.7 | $ | 1,523.1 | |||||||
Total Segment Expenses | 344.8 | 486.0 | 1,504.8 | 1,222.8 | |||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 202.7 | $ | 53.5 | $ | 902.9 | $ | 300.3 | |||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 147.0 | 142.3 | 840.5 | 333.0 | |||||||||||
(-) Investment Income (Loss) | (35.3 | ) | 13.3 | 6.5 | 35.8 | ||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 30.4 | 32.9 | 97.2 | 95.2 | |||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (25.0 | ) | 100.0 | (25.0 | ) | 100.0 | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 96.4 | $ | 30.8 | $ | 128.1 | $ | 126.7 | |||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 216.9 | 186.3 | 434.3 | 489.7 | |||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss) | (53.4 | ) | 11.1 | (48.2 | ) | 27.9 | |||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 259.9 | $ | 228.2 | $ | 514.2 | $ | 644.3 | |||||||
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The following table sets forth our total segment revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 278.4 | $ | 260.4 | $ | 791.2 | $ | 820.0 | |||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 4.1 | 3.8 | 13.0 | 12.8 | |||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 6.1 | 1.4 | 15.0 | 24.3 | |||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 288.6 | 265.6 | 819.2 | 857.1 | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 411.0 | 380.9 | 846.7 | 919.2 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (125.6 | ) | (125.9 | ) | 712.7 | (305.9 | ) | ||||||||
Total performance fees | 285.4 | 255.0 | 1,559.4 | 613.3 | |||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||
Realized | (53.4 | ) | 11.1 | (48.2 | ) | 27.9 | |||||||||
Unrealized | 18.1 | 2.2 | 54.7 | 7.9 | |||||||||||
Total investment income (loss) | (35.3 | ) | 13.3 | 6.5 | 35.8 | ||||||||||
Interest income | 5.4 | 2.5 | 11.2 | 8.0 | |||||||||||
Other income | 3.4 | 3.1 | 11.4 | 8.9 | |||||||||||
Total Segment Revenues | $ | 547.5 | $ | 539.5 | $ | 2,407.7 | $ | 1,523.1 | |||||||
The following table sets forth our total segment expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | $ | 132.5 | $ | 107.1 | $ | 344.2 | $ | 337.4 | |||||||
Indirect base compensation | 44.8 | 36.9 | 133.4 | 115.1 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 30.4 | 32.9 | 97.2 | 95.2 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 194.1 | 194.6 | 412.4 | 429.5 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (55.7 | ) | (81.9 | ) | 306.5 | (149.2 | ) | ||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 346.1 | 289.6 | 1,293.7 | 828.0 | |||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | (26.5 | ) | 173.6 | 139.5 | 326.7 | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 8.2 | 7.2 | 23.2 | 21.8 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 17.0 | 15.6 | 48.4 | 46.3 | |||||||||||
Total Segment Expenses | $ | 344.8 | $ | 486.0 | $ | 1,504.8 | $ | 1,222.8 | |||||||
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Income (loss) before provision for income taxes is the GAAP financial measure most comparable to economic net income, fee related earnings, and distributable earnings. The following table is a reconciliation of income (loss) before provision for income taxes to economic net income, to fee related earnings, and to distributable earnings.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | 165.9 | $ | (49.7 | ) | $ | 737.3 | $ | 33.4 | ||||||
Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments | 58.3 | 50.6 | 183.8 | 175.3 | |||||||||||
Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | 7.2 | 27.7 | 25.2 | 67.0 | |||||||||||
Other non-operating expense (income) | — | (3.7 | ) | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
Tax provision associated with performance fees | (1.7 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (7.0 | ) | (16.1 | ) | |||||||
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (27.6 | ) | 29.1 | (47.4 | ) | 29.8 | |||||||||
Severance and other adjustments | 0.6 | 1.5 | 10.9 | 10.1 | |||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 202.7 | $ | 53.5 | $ | 902.9 | $ | 300.3 | |||||||
(-) Net performance fees(1) | 147.0 | 142.3 | 840.5 | 333.0 | |||||||||||
(-) Investment income (loss)(1) | (35.3 | ) | 13.3 | 6.5 | 35.8 | ||||||||||
(+) Equity-based compensation | 30.4 | 32.9 | 97.2 | 95.2 | |||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (25.0 | ) | 100.0 | (25.0 | ) | 100.0 | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 96.4 | $ | 30.8 | $ | 128.1 | $ | 126.7 | |||||||
(+) Realized performance fees, net of related compensation(1) | 216.9 | 186.3 | 434.3 | 489.7 | |||||||||||
(+) Realized investment income (loss)(1) | (53.4 | ) | 11.1 | (48.2 | ) | 27.9 | |||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 259.9 | $ | 228.2 | $ | 514.2 | $ | 644.3 | |||||||
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(1) | – See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below: |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 411.8 | $ | (0.8 | ) | $ | 411.0 | ||||
Unrealized | (126.2 | ) | 0.6 | (125.6 | ) | ||||||
Total performance fees | 285.6 | (0.2 | ) | 285.4 | |||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 189.4 | 4.7 | 194.1 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (51.8 | ) | (3.9 | ) | (55.7 | ) | |||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 137.6 | 0.8 | 138.4 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 222.4 | (5.5 | ) | 216.9 | |||||||
Unrealized | (74.4 | ) | 4.5 | (69.9 | ) | ||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 148.0 | $ | (1.0 | ) | $ | 147.0 | ||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 15.5 | $ | (68.9 | ) | $ | (53.4 | ) | |||
Unrealized | 21.7 | (3.6 | ) | 18.1 | |||||||
Investment income (loss) | $ | 37.2 | $ | (72.5 | ) | $ | (35.3 | ) | |||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 852.7 | $ | (6.0 | ) | $ | 846.7 | ||||
Unrealized | 658.1 | 54.6 | 712.7 | ||||||||
Total performance fees | 1,510.8 | 48.6 | 1,559.4 | ||||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 401.9 | 10.5 | 412.4 | ||||||||
Unrealized | 309.9 | (3.4 | ) | 306.5 | |||||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 711.8 | 7.1 | 718.9 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 450.8 | (16.5 | ) | 434.3 | |||||||
Unrealized | 348.2 | 58.0 | 406.2 | ||||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 799.0 | $ | 41.5 | $ | 840.5 | |||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 42.0 | $ | (90.2 | ) | $ | (48.2 | ) | |||
Unrealized | 100.5 | (45.8 | ) | 54.7 | |||||||
Investment income (loss) | $ | 142.5 | $ | (136.0 | ) | $ | 6.5 | ||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 383.4 | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 380.9 | ||||
Unrealized | (168.7 | ) | 42.8 | (125.9 | ) | ||||||
Total performance fees | 214.7 | 40.3 | 255.0 | ||||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 189.0 | 5.6 | 194.6 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (78.1 | ) | (3.8 | ) | (81.9 | ) | |||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 110.9 | 1.8 | 112.7 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 194.4 | (8.1 | ) | 186.3 | |||||||
Unrealized | (90.6 | ) | 46.6 | (44.0 | ) | ||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 103.8 | $ | 38.5 | $ | 142.3 | |||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 40.7 | $ | (29.6 | ) | $ | 11.1 | ||||
Unrealized | 29.8 | (27.6 | ) | 2.2 | |||||||
Total investment income (loss) | $ | 70.5 | $ | (57.2 | ) | $ | 13.3 | ||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 | |||||||||||
Carlyle Consolidated | Adjustments (2) | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 905.1 | $ | 14.1 | $ | 919.2 | |||||
Unrealized | (334.3 | ) | 28.4 | (305.9 | ) | ||||||
Total performance fees | 570.8 | 42.5 | 613.3 | ||||||||
Performance fee related compensation expense | |||||||||||
Realized | 423.0 | 6.5 | 429.5 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (146.1 | ) | (3.1 | ) | (149.2 | ) | |||||
Total performance fee related compensation expense | 276.9 | 3.4 | 280.3 | ||||||||
Net performance fees | |||||||||||
Realized | 482.1 | 7.6 | 489.7 | ||||||||
Unrealized | (188.2 | ) | 31.5 | (156.7 | ) | ||||||
Total net performance fees | $ | 293.9 | $ | 39.1 | $ | 333.0 | |||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||
Realized | $ | 92.2 | $ | (64.3 | ) | $ | 27.9 | ||||
Unrealized | 34.0 | (26.1 | ) | 7.9 | |||||||
Total investment income (loss) | $ | 126.2 | $ | (90.4 | ) | $ | 35.8 | ||||
(2) | Adjustments to performance fees and investment income (loss) relate to (i) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the Non-GAAP results, (ii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the Non-GAAP results, (iii) the reclassification of NGP performance fees, which are included in investment income in the U.S. GAAP financial statements, and (iv) the reclassification of certain tax expenses associated with performance fees. |
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Adjustments to investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the Non-GAAP results, the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the Non-GAAP results and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan net losses, until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017, as investment losses for the Non-GAAP results. Adjustments are also included in these financial statement captions to reflect Carlyle’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017), ESG (through June 2016) and Vermillion.
Economic Net Income and Distributable Earnings for our reportable segments are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Economic Net Income | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 92.1 | $ | 63.0 | $ | 647.3 | $ | 153.4 | |||||||
Real Assets | 7.8 | 3.8 | 117.9 | 144.0 | |||||||||||
Global Market Strategies | 88.3 | (10.8 | ) | 104.3 | (4.3 | ) | |||||||||
Investment Solutions | 14.5 | (2.5 | ) | 33.4 | 7.2 | ||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 202.7 | $ | 53.5 | $ | 902.9 | $ | 300.3 | |||||||
Distributable Earnings | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 207.1 | $ | 208.6 | $ | 415.3 | $ | 548.2 | |||||||
Real Assets | (40.9 | ) | 10.3 | (25.5 | ) | 68.8 | |||||||||
Global Market Strategies | 87.5 | 3.7 | 104.2 | 11.2 | |||||||||||
Investment Solutions | 6.2 | 5.6 | 20.2 | 16.1 | |||||||||||
Distributable Earnings | $ | 259.9 | $ | 228.2 | $ | 514.2 | $ | 644.3 | |||||||
Segment Analysis
Discussed below is our DE, FRE and ENI for our segments for the periods presented. Our segment information is reflected in the manner used by our senior management to make operating and compensation decisions, assess performance and allocate resources.
For segment reporting purposes, revenues and expenses are presented on a basis that deconsolidates our Consolidated Funds. As a result, segment revenues from management fees, performance fees and investment income (loss) are different than those presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis because fund management fees recognized in certain segments are received from Consolidated Funds and are eliminated in consolidation when presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis. Furthermore, segment expenses are different than related amounts presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis due to the exclusion of fund expenses that are paid by the Consolidated Funds. Segment revenue and expenses are also different than those presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis because we present our segment revenues and expenses related to Claren Road and ESG based on our economic interest in those entities. Effective January 1, 2016 and through January 31, 2017 (the date we transferred our ownership interests to its principals), our segment revenue and expenses related to Claren Road are based on our approximate 63% economic interest in that entity as a result of a reallocation of interest from a departing founder. Further, our economic interest in ESG was 55% through June 30, 2016. Also, ENI excludes expenses associated with equity-based compensation that was issued in our initial public offering or issued in acquisitions and strategic investments.
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Corporate Private Equity
The following table presents our results of operations for our Corporate Private Equity segment:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 118.3 | $ | 122.9 | $ | 351.7 | $ | 376.9 | |||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 3.6 | 2.9 | 11.9 | 11.2 | |||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 5.3 | 1.4 | 14.2 | 24.3 | |||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 127.2 | 127.2 | 377.8 | 412.4 | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 345.4 | 311.1 | 668.8 | 775.2 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (193.2 | ) | (124.2 | ) | 465.0 | (496.2 | ) | ||||||||
Total performance fees | 152.2 | 186.9 | 1,133.8 | 279.0 | |||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 6.5 | 24.1 | 15.6 | 46.6 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 4.1 | (9.6 | ) | 22.9 | (12.7 | ) | |||||||||
Total investment income | 10.6 | 14.5 | 38.5 | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Interest income | 1.8 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 2.7 | |||||||||||
Other income | 1.6 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 4.0 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 293.4 | 330.8 | 1,558.0 | 732.0 | |||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 65.3 | 52.7 | 175.4 | 165.8 | |||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 18.3 | 17.8 | 55.0 | 55.6 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 14.5 | 19.8 | 47.3 | 56.0 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 147.7 | 143.5 | 295.4 | 345.4 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (76.1 | ) | (57.8 | ) | 221.1 | (219.9 | ) | ||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 169.7 | 176.0 | 794.2 | 402.9 | |||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 20.5 | 81.4 | 83.9 | 144.3 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 4.1 | 3.4 | 11.5 | 10.2 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 7.0 | 7.0 | 21.1 | 21.2 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | 201.3 | 267.8 | 910.7 | 578.6 | |||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 92.1 | $ | 63.0 | $ | 647.3 | $ | 153.4 | |||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 80.6 | 101.2 | 617.3 | 153.5 | |||||||||||
(-) Investment Income | 10.6 | 14.5 | 38.5 | 33.9 | |||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 14.5 | 19.8 | 47.3 | 56.0 | |||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (12.5 | ) | 49.8 | (12.5 | ) | 49.8 | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 2.9 | $ | 16.9 | $ | 26.3 | $ | 71.8 | |||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 197.7 | 167.6 | 373.4 | 429.8 | |||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income | 6.5 | 24.1 | 15.6 | 46.6 | |||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 207.1 | $ | 208.6 | $ | 415.3 | $ | 548.2 | |||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings decreased $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $132.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in distributable earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 208.6 | $ | 548.2 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase (decrease) in realized net performance fees | 30.1 | (56.4 | ) | |||
Decrease in realized investment income | (17.6 | ) | (31.0 | ) | ||
Decrease in fee related earnings | (14.0 | ) | (45.5 | ) | ||
Total decrease | (1.5 | ) | (132.9 | ) | ||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 207.1 | $ | 415.3 | ||
Realized Net Performance Fees. Realized net performance fees increased $30.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $56.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in realized net performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to larger realizations from our U.S. buyout funds in carry in 2017 as compared to 2016, partially offset by lower realizations from our Europe buyout funds in 2017 as compared to 2016. The decrease in realized net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to lower realizations from our Europe buyout funds in carry in 2017 as compared to 2016, partially offset by larger realizations from our U.S. and Asia buyout funds in 2017 as compared to 2016. Realized net performance fees were primarily generated by the following funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
CP V | CP V | CP V | CP V | |
CEP III | CEP III | CEP III | CEP III | |
CETP II | CGFSP I | CAP III | CP IV | |
CP IV | CGFSP I | CGFSP I | ||
CJP | CETP II | CAGP II | ||
CAP III | ||||
CJP | ||||
Realized Investment Income. Realized investment income decreased $17.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $31.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in realized investment income for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to lower realized gains in our investments in U.S. and Europe buyout funds, partially offset by realized gains on U.S. growth funds and the financial services funds.
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Fee Related Earnings
Fee related earnings decreased $14.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $45.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in fee related earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 16.9 | $ | 71.8 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Decrease in fee revenues | — | (34.6 | ) | |||
Increase in direct and indirect base compensation | (13.1 | ) | (9.0 | ) | ||
Increase in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | (1.4 | ) | (1.9 | ) | ||
All other changes | 0.5 | — | ||||
Total decrease | (14.0 | ) | (45.5 | ) | ||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 2.9 | $ | 26.3 | ||
Fee Revenues. Total fee revenues were flat for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $34.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Lower fund management fees | $ | (4.6 | ) | $ | (25.2 | ) |
Higher (lower) transaction fees | 3.9 | (10.1 | ) | |||
Higher portfolio advisory fees | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
Total decrease in fee revenues | $ | — | $ | (34.6 | ) | |
The decrease in fund management fees for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to lower assets under management from sales of investments during 2016 for CP V, our first financial services fund (“CGFSP I”), our third Europe buyout fund (“CEP III”), and our second Asia buyout fund (“CAP II”).
The total weighted-average management fee rate increased from 1.30% at September 30, 2016 to 1.32% at September 30, 2017. The modest increase in the total weighted-average management fee rate reflects the increased weighted impact of funds in the original investment period with fees based on commitments, which charge higher fee rates, compared to those funds with fees based on invested equity or fair value. Fee-earning assets under management were $35.6 billion and $37.8 billion as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, reflecting a decrease of $2.2 billion.
The increase in transaction fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily from significant investments in one of our U.S buyout funds in the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in transaction fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily from a significant investment in one of our U.S. buyout funds in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Direct and indirect base compensation expense. Direct and indirect base compensation expense increased $13.1 million, or 19%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, and increased $9.0 million, or 4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September
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30, 2016. The increase in both periods was primarily due to increased headcount and an increase in projected year-end bonuses.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses increased $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to higher negative foreign currency adjustments and real estate costs, partially offset by lower professional fees.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses increased $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to higher negative foreign currency adjustments and real estate costs, partially offset by lower professional fees and a $2.0 million decrease in external costs associated with fundraising activities in nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Fundraising and related costs in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were modest. However, we expect that two of our large buyout funds will have substantial first closes during the fourth quarter of 2017 that will drive a significant increase in fundraising and related costs that will be reflected in higher compensation expense and general, administrative and other indirect expenses. These two buyout funds are expected to activate fees in the middle of 2018 at which time we would expect an increase in management fee revenue.
Economic Net Income
Economic net income increased $29.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $493.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in economic net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Economic net income, September 30, 2016 | $ | 63.0 | $ | 153.4 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
(Decrease) increase in net performance fees | (20.6 | ) | 463.8 | |||
(Decrease) increase in investment income | (3.9 | ) | 4.6 | |||
Decrease in equity-based compensation | 5.3 | 8.7 | ||||
Decrease in fee related earnings | (14.0 | ) | (45.5 | ) | ||
Decrease in reserve for litigation and contingencies | 62.3 | 62.3 | ||||
Total increase | 29.1 | 493.9 | ||||
Economic net income, September 30, 2017 | $ | 92.1 | $ | 647.3 | ||
Performance Fees. Performance Fees (realized and unrealized) decreased $34.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $854.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, despite the overall increase in appreciation in the same period, is primarily attributable to a decrease in performance fees earned by CP VI, as the fund was in the catch-up phase in 2016, thereby resulting in higher performance fees earned in 2016 as compared to 2017. The decrease was also due to lower appreciation on this fund in the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to higher appreciation on certain of our U.S. and Asia buyout funds.
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Performance fees are from the following types of funds:
Performance Fees | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Buyout funds | $ | 148.6 | $ | 205.3 | $ | 1,097.1 | $ | 296.1 | |||||||
Growth Capital funds | 3.6 | (18.4 | ) | 36.7 | (17.1 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | 152.2 | $ | 186.9 | $ | 1,133.8 | $ | 279.0 | |||||||
The $152.2 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CP VI of $74.2 million,
•CP V of $33.3 million,
•CETP III of $22.3 million,
•CGFSP II of $17.2 million,
•CAP II of $10.7 million, and
•CEOF of $(34.2) million.
The $186.9 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was driven by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CP VI of $183.4 million,
•CGFSP of $13.6 million,
•CJIP III of $10.8 million,
•CAP III of $(22.4) million, and
•CEOF of $(12.2) million.
The $1,133.8 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CP VI of $471.5 million,
•CP V of $284.9 million,
•CAP IV of $221.7 million,
•CGFSP II of $46.9 million,
•CETP II of $30.1 million,
•CETP III of $28.0 million,
•CEOF of $(22.7) million, and
•CP IV of $(22.5) million.
The $279.0 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was driven by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CP VI of $184.8 million,
•CP V of $79.2 million,
•CBPF of $24.9 million,
•CGFSP of $14.6 million,
•CJIP III of $10.8 million,
•CAP III of $(27.1) million, and
•CEOF of $(15.1) million.
Performance fees of $152.2 million and $186.9 million are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $57.6 million and $51.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Performance fees of $1,133.8 million and $279.0 million are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $72.1 million and $68.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30,
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2016, the Partnership paid $47.3 million to satisfy a giveback obligation related to CAP II. Substantially all of the giveback obligation was paid by current and former senior Carlyle professionals.
The appreciation (depreciation) in remaining value of assets for this segment by type of fund are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
Buyout funds | 3% | 3% | 24% | 9% | |
Growth Capital funds | 6% | —% | 17% | —% | |
Total | 4% | 3% | 23% | 8% | |
Net performance fees as a percentage of total performance fees are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||
Net Performance Fees | $80.6 | $101.2 | $617.3 | $153.5 | |
Percentage of Total Performance Fees | 53% | 54% | 54% | 55% | |
Unrealized performance fees reflect the difference between total performance fees and realized performance fees. The recognition of realized performance fees results in a reversal of accumulated unrealized performance fees, generally resulting in minimal impact on total performance fees. Because unrealized performance fees are reversed upon a realization event, in periods where the Partnership generates significant realized performance fees unrealized performance fees may be negative even in periods of portfolio appreciation.
Total investment income. Total investment income (realized and unrealized) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $10.6 million as compared to total investment income of $14.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in total investment income from the three months ended September 30, 2016 to the three months ended September 30, 2017 relates primarily to lower realizations in our investments in U.S. and Europe buyout funds for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Total investment income (realized and unrealized) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $38.5 million as compared to total investment income of $33.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in total investment income from the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related primarily to higher appreciation in our investments in the buyout and growth funds, particularly on investments in our Asia buyout funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These increases to total investment income were partially offset by lower realized gains in our investments in U.S. and Europe buyout funds as well as our investments in Europe growth funds.
Equity-based compensation. Equity-based compensation was $14.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $5.3 million from $19.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Equity-based compensation was $47.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $8.7 million from $56.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies. Corporate Private Equity's (“CPE”) share of the reserve for litigation and contingencies decreased $62.3 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily related to CPE's share of the $25 million reserve reversal related to the CCC litigation recognized in 2017, while CPE recognized its share of the $100 million reserve in 2016 related to a commodities legal matter.
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Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
The table below breaks out Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
As of September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
Corporate Private Equity | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||
Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||
Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 26,180 | $ | 25,813 | |||
Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital | 7,726 | 10,227 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value | 1,697 | 1,745 | |||||
Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 35,603 | $ | 37,785 | |||
Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (2) | |||||||
All Funds | 1.32 | % | 1.30 | % | |||
Funds in Investment Period | 1.44 | % | 1.43 | % | |||
(1) | For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.” |
(2) | Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate of each fund in the segment, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented. |
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 36,216 | $ | 38,938 | $ | 36,327 | $ | 40,926 | |||||||
Inflows, including Fee-paying Commitments (1) | 303 | 9 | 830 | 601 | |||||||||||
Outflows, including Distributions (2) | (1,167 | ) | (935 | ) | (2,299 | ) | (3,900 | ) | |||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (3) | 21 | (339 | ) | 12 | (352 | ) | |||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (4) | 230 | 112 | 733 | 510 | |||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 35,603 | $ | 37,785 | $ | 35,603 | $ | 37,785 | |||||||
(1) | Inflows represent limited partner capital raised and capital invested by carry funds outside the original investment period. |
(2) | Outflows represent distributions from funds outside the investment period and changes in fee basis for our carry funds where the original investment period has expired. |
(3) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value. |
(4) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of period end. |
Fee-earning AUM was $35.6 billion at September 30, 2017, a decrease of $0.6 billion, or approximately 2%, compared to $36.2 billion at June 30, 2017. The decrease was driven by outflows of $1.2 billion primarily due to dispositions in CP V and CEP III. This decrease was partially offset by inflows of $0.3 billion from new investments made by CGP and foreign exchange gains of $0.2 billion primarily due to the translation of Fee-earning AUM in our Europe buyout and growth funds
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from EUR to USD. Investment and distribution activity by funds still in the investment period does not impact Fee-earning AUM as these funds are based on commitments.
Fee-earning AUM was $35.6 billion at September 30, 2017, a decrease of $0.7 billion, or approximately 2% compared to $36.3 billion at December 31, 2016. The decrease was driven by outflows of $2.3 billion primarily due to dispositions in CP V. This was offset by inflows of $0.8 billion primarily related to new investments made by CGP and new commitments to CAGP V, and foreign exchange gains of $0.7 billion primarily due to the translation of Fee-earning AUM in our Europe buyout and growth funds from EUR to USD.
Fee-earning AUM was $35.6 billion at September 30, 2017, a decrease of $2.2 billion, or approximately 6%, compared to $37.8 billion at September 30, 2016. Driving the decrease were outflows of $3.9 billion primarily driven by dispositions in our US, Europe, and Asia buyout funds, as well as other funds outside of their original investment period. Partially offsetting the decrease were inflows of $1.4 billion primarily related to new investments made by CGP, in addition to new fee-paying commitments raised by CAGP V.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.8 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $1.1 billion, or approximately 3%, compared to $38.9 billion at June 30, 2016. The decrease was driven by outflows of $0.9 billion from distributions in CAP II, CP V and several other funds outside of the original investment period, and market depreciation of $0.3 billion primarily attributable to CAP II.
Fee-earning AUM was $37.8 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $3.1 billion, or approximately 8%, compared to $40.9 billion at December 31, 2015. The decrease was driven by outflows of $3.9 billion from distributions in CP V and several other funds outside of the original investment period, partially offset by $0.6 billion of inflows primarily attributable to equity invested by funds outside of the original investment period and $0.5 billion of foreign exchange gain primarily from our Europe and Japan buyout funds.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
The table below provides the period to period rollforwards of Available Capital and Fair Value of Capital, and the resulting rollforward of Total AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 15,995 | $ | 38,328 | $ | 54,323 | $ | 17,499 | $ | 33,365 | $ | 50,864 | |||||||||||
Commitments (1) | 791 | — | 791 | 1,302 | — | 1,302 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital Called, net (2) | (3,947 | ) | 4,009 | 62 | (6,811 | ) | 6,826 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
Distributions (3) | 265 | (1,244 | ) | (979 | ) | 842 | (5,074 | ) | (4,232 | ) | |||||||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (4) | — | 1,251 | 1,251 | — | 6,799 | 6,799 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (5) | 116 | 179 | 295 | 388 | 607 | 995 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 13,220 | $ | 42,523 | $ | 55,743 | $ | 13,220 | $ | 42,523 | $ | 55,743 | |||||||||||
(1) | Represents capital raised by our carry funds, net of expired available capital. |
(2) | Represents capital called by our carry funds, net of fund fees and expenses. Equity invested amounts may vary from capital called due to timing differences between acquisition and capital call dates. |
(3) | Represents distributions from our carry funds, net of amounts recycled. Distributions are based on when proceeds are actually distributed to investors, which may differ from when they are realized. |
(4) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments. |
(5) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
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Total AUM was $55.7 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.4 billion, or approximately 3%, compared to $54.3 billion as of June 30, 2017. This increase was driven by $1.3 billion of market appreciation due to a 4% increase in our private portfolio of carry funds for the period, resulting in overall segment appreciation of 4% for the period. The carry funds driving appreciation for the period included $0.4 billion attributable to CP VI, $0.2 billion attributable to CEP IV, and $0.2 billion attributable to CP V. Also driving the increase were $0.8 billion of new commitments raised in CGFSP III and various external coinvestment entities, as well as $0.3 billion of foreign exchange gains primarily due to the translation of AUM in our Europe buyout and growth funds from EUR to USD. The increase was partially offset by distributions of $1.2 billion, of which $0.3 billion were recallable, primarily in our US, Asia, and Europe buyout funds.
Total AUM was $55.7 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $4.8 billion, or approximately 9%, compared to $50.9 billion as of December 31, 2016. This increase was driven by $6.8 billion of market appreciation due to a 25% increase in our public portfolio of carry funds and a 22% increase in our private portfolio of carry funds for the period, resulting in overall segment appreciation of 23% for the period. The carry funds driving appreciation for the period included $1.8 billion attributable to CP VI, $1.5 billion attributable to CP V and $1.0 billion attributable to CAP IV. Also driving the increase were $1.3 billion of new commitments raised primarily in CGFSP III and various external coinvestment entities, as well as $1.0 billion of foreign exchange gains due to the translation of AUM in our Europe buyout and growth funds from EUR to USD. The increase was partially offset by distributions of $5.1 billion, of which $0.8 billion were recallable, primarily in our US, Asia, and Europe buyout funds.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our investment funds that generally have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2017, which we refer to as our “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group L.P. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group L.P. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
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The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Corporate Private Equity business. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
TOTAL INVESTMENTS | REALIZED/PARTIALLY REALIZED INVESTMENTS(5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund Inception Date(1) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(2) | Total Fair Value(3) | MOIC(4) | Gross IRR (7)(12) | Net IRR (8)(12) | Cumulative Invested Capital(2) | Total Fair Value(3) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR(7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully Invested/Committed Funds(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CP II | 10/1994 | $ | 1,331.1 | $ | 1,362.4 | $ | 4,072.2 | 3.0x | 34 | % | 25 | % | $ | 1,362.4 | $ | 4,072.2 | 3.0x | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||
CP III | 2/2000 | $ | 3,912.7 | $ | 4,031.6 | $ | 10,146.9 | 2.5x | 27 | % | 21 | % | $ | 4,031.6 | $ | 10,146.9 | 2.5x | 27 | % | |||||||||||||||
CP IV | 12/2004 | $ | 7,850.0 | $ | 7,612.6 | $ | 17,977.4 | 2.4x | 16 | % | 13 | % | $ | 7,612.6 | $ | 17,977.4 | 2.4x | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||
CP V | 5/2007 | $ | 13,719.7 | $ | 13,190.9 | $ | 27,228.2 | 2.1x | 18 | % | 14 | % | $ | 9,201.1 | $ | 24,306.6 | 2.6x | 26 | % | |||||||||||||||
CEP I | 12/1997 | € | 1,003.6 | € | 981.6 | € | 2,126.5 | 2.2x | 18 | % | 11 | % | € | 981.6 | € | 2,126.5 | 2.2x | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||
CEP II | 9/2003 | € | 1,805.4 | € | 2,048.9 | € | 4,121.2 | 2.0x | 36 | % | 20 | % | € | 1,883.8 | € | 4,106.8 | 2.2x | 43 | % | |||||||||||||||
CEP III | 12/2006 | € | 5,294.9 | € | 5,116.1 | € | 11,294.6 | 2.2x | 19 | % | 14 | % | € | 4,284.4 | € | 10,404.5 | 2.4x | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||
CAP I | 12/1998 | $ | 750.0 | $ | 627.7 | $ | 2,521.8 | 4.0x | 25 | % | 18 | % | $ | 627.7 | $ | 2,521.8 | 4.0x | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||
CAP II | 2/2006 | $ | 1,810.0 | $ | 1,628.2 | $ | 3,032.9 | 1.9x | 11 | % | 8 | % | $ | 1,452.4 | $ | 2,830.0 | 1.9x | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||
CAP III | 5/2008 | $ | 2,551.6 | $ | 2,543.2 | $ | 4,672.9 | 1.8x | 18 | % | 12 | % | $ | 2,071.8 | $ | 4,237.2 | 2.0x | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||
CJP I | 10/2001 | ¥ | 50,000.0 | ¥ | 47,291.4 | ¥ | 138,902.1 | 2.9x | 61 | % | 37 | % | ¥ | 47,291.4 | ¥ | 138,902.1 | 2.9x | 61 | % | |||||||||||||||
CJP II | 7/2006 | ¥ | 165,600.0 | ¥ | 141,866.7 | ¥ | 215,181.9 | 1.5x | 8 | % | 4 | % | ¥ | 70,933.1 | ¥ | 130,219.6 | 1.8x | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||
CGFSP I | 9/2008 | $ | 1,100.2 | $ | 1,080.7 | $ | 2,398.4 | 2.2x | 20 | % | 14 | % | $ | 866.9 | $ | 1,834.7 | 2.1x | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||
CEOF I | 5/2011 | $ | 1,119.1 | $ | 1,154.5 | $ | 1,523.4 | 1.3x | 12 | % | 8 | % | $ | 328.4 | $ | 749.7 | 2.3x | 37 | % | |||||||||||||||
CETP II | 2/2007 | € | 521.6 | € | 437.4 | € | 1,245.6 | 2.8x | 28 | % | 19 | % | € | 278.8 | € | 1,140.8 | 4.1x | 36 | % | |||||||||||||||
CAGP IV | 6/2008 | $ | 1,041.4 | $ | 954.1 | $ | 1,416.7 | 1.5x | 11 | % | 6 | % | $ | 439.5 | $ | 778.9 | 1.8x | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||
All Other Funds (9) | Various | $ | 4,637.6 | $ | 7,138.0 | 1.5x | 16 | % | 7 | % | $ | 3,676.3 | $ | 5,970.3 | 1.6x | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Coinvestments and Other (10) | Various | $ | 10,358.3 | $ | 24,025.6 | 2.3x | 36 | % | 33 | % | $ | 6,723.7 | $ | 20,036.2 | 3.0x | 36 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Total Fully Invested Funds | $ | 60,991.3 | $ | 131,469.6 | 2.2x | 26 | % | 19 | % | $ | 48,210.4 | $ | 118,831.8 | 2.5x | 28 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Funds in the Investment Period (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CP VI | 5/2012 | $ | 13,000.0 | $ | 10,971.3 | $ | 14,482.7 | 1.3x | 18% | 11% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CEP IV | 8/2013 | € | 3,669.5 | € | 2,659.9 | € | 3,162.3 | 1.2x | 17% | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAP IV | 11/2012 | $ | 3,880.4 | $ | 2,946.9 | $ | 4,458.5 | 1.5x | 27% | 17% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CGP | 12/2014 | $ | 3,588.0 | $ | 1,836.0 | $ | 1,932.0 | 1.1x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CGFSP II | 4/2013 | $ | 1,000.0 | $ | 768.2 | $ | 1,136.2 | 1.5x | 24 | % | 14% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
CJP III | 8/2013 | ¥ | 119,505.1 | ¥ | 60,094.5 | ¥ | 98,393.8 | 1.6x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CEOF II | 3/2015 | $ | 2,400.0 | $ | 893.8 | $ | 1,074.5 | 1.2x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
All Other Funds (11) | Various | $ | 1,154.1 | $ | 1,478.9 | 1.3x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Funds in the Investment Period | $ | 22,242.8 | $ | 29,168.1 | 1.3x | 19 | % | 11 | % | $ | 1,234.1 | $ | 3,146.3 | 2.5x | 60 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL CORPORATE PRIVATE EQUITY (13) | $ | 83,234.1 | $ | 160,637.7 | 1.9x | 26 | % | 18 | % | $ | 49,444.5 | $ | 121,978.1 | 2.5x | 28 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) | The data presented herein that provides “inception to date” performance results of our segments relates to the period following the formation of the first fund within each segment. For our Corporate Private Equity segment our first fund was formed in 1990. |
(2) | Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund. |
(3) | Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(4) | Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. |
(5) | An investment is considered realized when the investment fund has completely exited, and ceases to own an interest in, the investment. An investment is considered partially realized when the total amount of proceeds received in respect of such investment, including dividends, interest or other distributions and/or return of capital, represents at least 85% of invested capital and such investment is not yet fully realized. Because part of our value creation strategy involves pursuing best exit alternatives, we believe information regarding Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR, when considered together with the other investment performance metrics presented, provides investors with meaningful information regarding our |
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investment performance by removing the impact of investments where significant realization activity has not yet occurred. Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR have limitations as measures of investment performance, and should not be considered in isolation. Such limitations include the fact that these measures do not include the performance of earlier stage and other investments that do not satisfy the criteria provided above. The exclusion of such investments will have a positive impact on Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR in instances when the MOIC and Gross IRR in respect of such investments are less than the aggregate MOIC and Gross IRR. Our measurements of Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR may not be comparable to those of other companies that use similarly titled measures. We do not present Realized/Partially Realized performance information separately for funds that are still in the investment period because of the relatively insignificant level of realizations for funds of this type. However, to the extent such funds have had realizations, they are included in the Realized/Partially Realized performance information presented for Total Corporate Private Equity.
(6) | Fully Invested funds are past the expiration date of the investment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. In instances where a successor fund has had its first capital call, the predecessor fund is categorized as fully invested. |
(7) | Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(8) | Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(9) | Aggregate includes the following funds: CP I, CMG, CVP I, CVP II, CUSGF III, CEVP, CETP I, CAVP I, CAVP II, CAGP III, CSABF, Mexico, CBPF, and MENA. |
(10) | Includes coinvestments and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us. |
(11) | Aggregate, which is considered not meaningful, includes the following funds and their respective commencement dates: CSSAF (April 2012) , CPF I (June 2012), CCI (December 2012), CETP III (May 2014), and CAGP V (May 2016). |
(12) | For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end. |
(13) | For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate. |
Remaining Fair Value(1) | Unrealized MOIC(2) | Total MOIC(3) | % Invested(4) | In Accrued Carry/ (Clawback) (5) | LTM Realized Carry (6) | Catch-up Rate | Fee Initiation Date(7) | Quarters Since Fee Initiation | Original Investment Period End Date | ||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CP VI | $ | 12,251.8 | 1.2x | 1.3x | 84 | % | X | 100 | % | Jun-13 | 17 | May-18 | |||||||||||
CP V | $ | 5,432.2 | 0.7x | 2.1x | 96 | % | X | X | 100 | % | Jun-07 | 41 | May-13 | ||||||||||
CAP IV | $ | 3,451.9 | 1.5x | 1.5x | 76 | % | X | 100 | % | Jul-13 | 16 | Nov-18 | |||||||||||
CEP IV | € | 2,387.8 | 1.1x | 1.2x | 72 | % | 100 | % | Sep-14 | 12 | Aug-19 | ||||||||||||
CGP | $ | 1,934.0 | 1.0x | 1.1x | 51 | % | 100 | % | Jan-15 | 10 | Dec-20 | ||||||||||||
CEP III | € | 1,381.4 | 1.3x | 2.2x | 97 | % | X | X | 100 | % | Jul-07 | 40 | Dec-12 | ||||||||||
CAP III | $ | 1,289.5 | 1.9x | 1.8x | 100 | % | X | X | 100 | % | Jun-08 | 37 | May-14 | ||||||||||
CEOF I | $ | 975.4 | 1.0x | 1.3x | 103 | % | X | 80 | % | Sep-11 | 24 | May-17 | |||||||||||
CEOF II | $ | 818.0 | 1.2x | 1.2x | 37 | % | X | 80 | % | Nov-15 | 7 | Mar-21 | |||||||||||
CJP III | ¥ | 88,293.3 | 1.5x | 1.6x | 50 | % | X | 100 | % | Sep-13 | 16 | Feb-20 | |||||||||||
CGFSP II | $ | 752.1 | 1.4x | 1.5x | 77 | % | X | 100 | % | Jun-13 | 17 | Dec-17 | |||||||||||
CAGP IV | $ | 610.7 | 1.2x | 1.5x | 92 | % | 100 | % | Aug-08 | 36 | Jun-14 | ||||||||||||
CGFSP I | $ | 578.4 | 2.0x | 2.2x | 98 | % | X | X | 100 | % | Oct-08 | 35 | Sep-14 | ||||||||||
CJP II | ¥ | 63,598.8 | 1.2x | 1.5x | 86 | % | 80 | % | Oct-06 | 43 | Jul-12 | ||||||||||||
CAP II | $ | 280.9 | 1.4x | 1.9x | 90 | % | 80 | % | Mar-06 | 46 | Feb-12 | ||||||||||||
CP IV | $ | 234.2 | 2.4x | 2.4x | 97 | % | X | X | 80 | % | Apr-05 | 49 | Dec-10 | ||||||||||
CETP II | € | 109.5 | 0.7x | 2.8x | 84 | % | X | X | 100 | % | Jan-08 | 38 | Jul-13 | ||||||||||
All Other Funds (8) | $ | 2,625.3 | 1.1x | 2.2x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||
Coinvestment and Other (9) | $ | 5,357.8 | 1.3x | 2.3x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||
Total Corporate Private Equity (10) | $ | 42,518.2 | 1.2x | 1.9x | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Net asset value of our carry funds. Reflects significant funds with remaining fair value of greater than $100 million. |
(2) | Unrealized multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents remaining fair market value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by remaining investment cost. |
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(3) | Total MOIC represents total fair value (realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value), before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. For certain funds, represents the original cost of investments net of investment-level recallable proceeds, which is adjusted to reflect recyclability of invested capital for the purpose of calculating the fund MOIC. |
(4) | Represents cumulative equity invested as of the reporting period divided by total commitments. Amount can be greater than 100% due to the re-investment of recallable distributions to fund investors. |
(5) | Fund has a net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end, driven by a significant portion of the fund’s asset base. |
(6) | Fund has generated realized net performance fees/(realized giveback) in the last twelve months. |
(7) | Represents the date of the first capital contribution for management fees. |
(8) | Aggregate includes the following funds: CMG, CP I, CP II, CP III, CEP I, CEP II, CAP I, CBPF, CJP I, CEVP, CETP I, CETP III, CCI, CAVP I, CAVP II, CAGP III, CAGP V, Mexico, MENA, CSABF, CSSAF, CPF, CVP I, CVP II, and CUSGF III. In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) and LTM Realized Carry not indicated because the indicator does not apply to each fund within the aggregate. |
(9) | Includes co-investments, prefund investments and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us. In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) and LTM Realized Carry not indicated because the indicator does not apply to each fund within the aggregate. |
(10) | For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate. |
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Real Assets
For purposes of presenting results of operations for this segment, our earnings from our investments in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions, and the net income or loss from Urbplan allocable to the Partnership (after consideration of amounts allocable to non-controlling interests) is presented within investment income. We disposed of our interests in Urbplan in a transaction in which a third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan in the three months ended September 30, 2017. With this transaction, we deconsolidated Urbplan from our financial results (see Note 15 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements) and we expect that this will reduce investment losses in the segment going forward. The following table presents our results of operations for our Real Assets segment:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 71.4 | $ | 60.3 | $ | 185.6 | $ | 192.0 | |||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 0.4 | — | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | 0.8 | — | 0.8 | — | |||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 72.6 | 60.3 | 187.0 | 192.1 | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 20.4 | 19.2 | 73.6 | 79.8 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 60.8 | 2.0 | 200.1 | 165.8 | |||||||||||
Total performance fees | 81.2 | 21.2 | 273.7 | 245.6 | |||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||
Realized | (64.6 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (72.4 | ) | (21.4 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized | 12.4 | 4.5 | 24.4 | 6.5 | |||||||||||
Total investment loss | (52.2 | ) | (9.6 | ) | (48.0 | ) | (14.9 | ) | |||||||
Interest | 1.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 1.3 | |||||||||||
Other income | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 103.2 | 72.7 | 416.0 | 425.1 | |||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 24.5 | 17.2 | 61.6 | 55.4 | |||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 14.8 | 8.9 | 45.6 | 28.2 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 8.7 | 7.1 | 26.8 | 20.3 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 9.2 | 8.7 | 33.4 | 34.8 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 21.6 | (15.7 | ) | 60.1 | 55.2 | ||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 78.8 | 26.2 | 227.5 | 193.9 | |||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 10.5 | 37.2 | 52.6 | 70.7 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 1.9 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 4.4 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 4.2 | 4.1 | 12.7 | 12.1 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | 95.4 | 68.9 | 298.1 | 281.1 | |||||||||||
Economic Net Income | $ | 7.8 | $ | 3.8 | $ | 117.9 | $ | 144.0 | |||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 50.4 | 28.2 | 180.2 | 155.6 | |||||||||||
(-) Investment Loss | (52.2 | ) | (9.6 | ) | (48.0 | ) | (14.9 | ) | |||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 8.7 | 7.1 | 26.8 | 20.3 | |||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (5.8 | ) | 21.6 | (5.8 | ) | 21.6 | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 12.5 | $ | 13.9 | $ | 6.7 | $ | 45.2 | |||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 11.2 | 10.5 | 40.2 | 45.0 | |||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Loss | (64.6 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (72.4 | ) | (21.4 | ) | |||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | (40.9 | ) | $ | 10.3 | $ | (25.5 | ) | $ | 68.8 | |||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Distributable Earnings
Distributable earnings decreased $51.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $94.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in distributable earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 10.3 | $ | 68.8 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase (decrease) in realized net performance fees | 0.7 | (4.8 | ) | |||
Increase in realized investment loss | (50.5 | ) | (51.0 | ) | ||
Decrease in fee related earnings | (1.4 | ) | (38.5 | ) | ||
Total decrease | (51.2 | ) | (94.3 | ) | ||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | (40.9 | ) | $ | (25.5 | ) |
Realized Net Performance Fees. Realized net performance fees increased $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The realized net performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 were from one of our U.S real estate funds. The decrease in realized net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to lower realization on certain Europe real estate funds, partially offset by higher realization on a certain U.S. real estate fund. Realized net performance fees were primarily generated by the following funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
CRP VI | CRP VI | CRP VI | CRP VI | |
CPOCP | CEREP III - External Coinvest | |||
CEREP III - External Coinvest | CRP III | |||
Realized Investment Loss. Realized investment loss for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $64.6 million as compared to realized investment loss of $14.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, and realized investment loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $72.4 million as compared to realized investment loss of $21.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in realized investment loss for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily related to the recognition of a $65.0 million realized investment loss in the three months ended September 30, 2017 associated with the disposal of our interests in Urbplan in a transaction in which a third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan. With this transaction,we deconsolidated Urbplan from our financial results (see Note 15 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). Additionally, we recognized realized investment losses related to Urbplan of $21.4 million and $32.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
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Fee Related Earnings
Fee related earnings decreased $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $38.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in fee related earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 13.9 | $ | 45.2 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase (decrease) in fee revenues | 12.3 | (5.1 | ) | |||
Increase in direct and indirect base compensation | (13.2 | ) | (23.6 | ) | ||
Increase in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | (0.7 | ) | (9.3 | ) | ||
Increase in interest expense | (0.1 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||
All other changes | 0.3 | 0.1 | ||||
Total decrease | (1.4 | ) | (38.5 | ) | ||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 12.5 | $ | 6.7 | ||
Fee Revenues. Fee revenues increased $12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
2017 v. 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Higher (lower) fund management fees | $ | 11.1 | $ | (6.4 | ) | |
Higher transaction fees | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||
Higher portfolio advisory fees | 0.4 | 0.5 | ||||
Total increase (decrease) in fee revenues | $ | 12.3 | $ | (5.1 | ) | |
The increase in fund management fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily reflects increased management fees from our eighth real estate fund (“CRP VIII”), which had its first closing earlier in 2017, and NGP XII as well as a $1.3 million increase in catch-up management fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. While there were $1.3 million of catch-up management fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017, there were no catch-up management fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016.
The decrease in fund management fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily reflects a $8.6 million decrease in catch-up management fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. While there were no significant catch-up management fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, catch-up management fees of $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were primarily due to subsequent closes in 2016 for our second power fund (“CPP II”) and our first international energy fund (“CIEP I”). This decrease was partially offset by increased management fees from CRP VIII, which had its first closing earlier in 2017.
The weighted average management fee rate for funds in the investment period decreased to 1.30% at September 30, 2017 from 1.44% at September 30, 2016 due to new funds, primarily CRP VIII, being raised with lower management fee rates than our other funds in the original investment period. The total weighted average management fee was 1.21% at September 30, 2017, a decline from 1.24% at September 30, 2016.
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Direct and indirect base compensation expense. Direct and indirect base compensation expense increased $13.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in projected year-end bonuses, and higher compensation associated with fundraising activities of $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Direct and indirect base compensation expense increased $23.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to higher compensation associated with fundraising activities of $15.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, and an increase in projected year-end bonuses.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses increased $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The primary drivers of the increase were increased real estate costs, foreign currency losses recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as well as increased external costs associated with fundraising activities of $1.0 million. This increase was partially offset by lower professional fees.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses increased $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The primary drivers of the increase were foreign currency losses recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to foreign currency gains recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, increased real estate costs, and increased external costs associated with fundraising activities of $3.2 million. This increase was partially offset by lower professional fees.
Economic Net Income
Economic net income increased $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $26.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in economic net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Economic net income, September 30, 2016 | $ | 3.8 | $ | 144.0 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase in net performance fees | 22.2 | 24.6 | ||||
Increase in investment loss | (42.6 | ) | (33.1 | ) | ||
Increase in equity-based compensation | (1.6 | ) | (6.5 | ) | ||
Decrease in fee related earnings | (1.4 | ) | (38.5 | ) | ||
Decrease in reserve for litigation and contingencies | 27.4 | 27.4 | ||||
Total increase (decrease) | 4.0 | (26.1 | ) | |||
Economic net income, September 30, 2017 | $ | 7.8 | $ | 117.9 | ||
Performance Fees. Performance fees (realized and unrealized) increased $60.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to higher appreciation from certain of our real estate and natural resources funds, partially offset by a decrease in performance fees generated by the NGP funds. Performance fees (realized and unrealized) increased $28.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to higher appreciation from our NGP funds, partially offset by a decrease in performance fees generated by the real estate funds.
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Performance fees are from the following types of funds:
Performance Fees | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Real Estate funds | $ | 33.2 | $ | (16.0 | ) | $ | 164.5 | $ | 199.9 | ||||||
Natural Resources funds | 45.2 | 37.5 | 106.1 | 45.9 | |||||||||||
Legacy Energy funds | 2.8 | (0.3 | ) | 3.1 | (0.2 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | 81.2 | $ | 21.2 | $ | 273.7 | $ | 245.6 | |||||||
The $81.2 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CIEP of $36.7 million,
•CRP VII of $14.4 million,
•CRP V of $8.0 million,
•NGP XI of $6.8 million, and
•CRP III of $6.7 million.
The $21.2 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•NGP XI of $30.5 million,
•CRP VII of $18.3 million,
•CRP VI of $6.9 million,
•NGP X of $6.2 million,
•CRP V of $(51.7) million, and
•CRP III of $(10.3) million.
The $273.7 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CRP VII of $75.8 million,
•NGP XI of $62.0 million,
•CRP V of $51.6 million,
•CIEP of $36.9 million, and
•CRP III of $24.9 million.
The $245.6 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CRP VII of $74.2 million,
•CRP V of $45.4 million,
•NGP XI of $37.4 million,
•CRP VI of $34.9 million,
•CRP III of $17.6 million, and
•NGP X of $9.0 million.
Performance fees of $81.2 million and $21.2 million are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $1.0 million and $62.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Performance fees of $273.7 million and $245.6 million are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $9.4 million and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
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The appreciation (depreciation) in remaining value of assets for this segment by type of fund are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
Real Estate funds | 3% | —% | 15% | 16% | |
Natural Resources funds | 5% | 12% | 20% | 24% | |
Legacy Energy funds | (3)% | 1% | 5% | 1% | |
Total | 2% | 4% | 14% | 13% | |
Net performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were $50.4 million, representing an increase of $22.2 million from $28.2 million in net performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to increased performance fees from the real estate and natural resources funds, partially offset by decreased performance fees from the NGP funds, for which there is no performance fee related compensation expense. Net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $180.2 million, representing an increase of $24.6 million from $155.6 million in net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to increased performance fees from the NGP funds, for which there is no performance fee related compensation expense, partially offset by decreased performance fees from the real estate funds.
Performance fees earned from the Legacy Energy funds and from NGP funds are primarily allocated to Carlyle and are not otherwise shared or allocated with our investment professionals since the investment teams are employed by Riverstone and NGP, respectively, and not Carlyle. Accordingly, performance fee compensation as a percentage of performance fees is generally not a comparable measurement for Real Assets from period to period.
Total Investment Loss. Total investment loss (realized and unrealized) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $52.2 million as compared to total investment loss of $9.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, and total investment loss (realized and unrealized) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $48.0 million as compared to total investment loss of $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in total investment loss for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to the recognition of a $65.0 million realized investment loss in the three months ended September 30, 2017 associated with the disposal of our interests in Urbplan in a transaction in which a third party acquired operational control and all of the economic interests in Urbplan. With this transaction, we deconsolidated Urbplan from our financial results (see Note 15 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). These increases in total investment loss were partially offset by higher appreciation on investments in our U.S. and Europe real estate funds for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the same periods of 2016.
Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation was $8.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.6 million from $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and was $26.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $6.5 million from $20.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is primarily attributable to equity-based compensation expense in connection with the March 2017 agreement with NGP (see Note 5 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).
Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies. Real Assets' (“RA”) share of the reserve for litigation and contingencies decreased $27.4 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily related to RA's share of the $25 million reserve reversal related to the CCC litigation recognized in 2017, while RA recognized its share of the $100 million reserve in 2016 related to a commodities legal matter.
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Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
The table below breaks out Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
As of September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
Real Assets | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||
Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||
Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 17,714 | $ | 12,918 | |||
Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 11,154 | 15,150 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 622 | 127 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair value and other (3) | 330 | 710 | |||||
Total Fee-earning AUM (4) | $ | 29,820 | $ | 28,905 | |||
Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (5) | |||||||
All Funds | 1.21 | % | 1.24 | % | |||
Funds in Investment Period | 1.30 | % | 1.44 | % | |||
(1) | For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, See “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.” |
(2) | Includes amounts committed to or reserved for investments for certain real estate funds. |
(3) | Includes certain funds that are calculated on gross asset value. |
(4) | Energy II, Energy III, Energy IV, and Renew II (collectively, the “Legacy Energy Funds”), are managed with Riverstone Holdings LLC and its affiliates. Affiliates of both Carlyle and Riverstone act as investment advisers to each of the Legacy Energy Funds. Carlyle has a minority representation on the management committees of Energy IV and Renew II. Carlyle and Riverstone each hold half of the seats on the management committees of Energy II and Energy III, but the investment period for these funds has expired and the remaining investments in such funds are being disposed of in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2017, the Legacy Energy Funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $5.2 billion in AUM and $3.8 billion in Fee-earning AUM. We are no longer raising capital for the Legacy Energy Funds and expect these balances to continue to decrease over time as the funds wind down. NGP VII, NGP VIII, NGP IX, or in the case of NGP M&R, NGP ETP I, and NGP ETP II, certain affiliated entities (collectively, the “NGP management fee funds”) and NGP X, NGP GAP, NGP XI, and NGP XII (referred to herein as “carry funds”), are managed by NGP Energy Capital Management. As of September 30, 2017, the NGP management fee funds and carry funds had, in the aggregate, approximately $10.7 billion in AUM and $9.6 billion in Fee-earning AUM. |
(5) | Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate of each fund in the segment, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented. Calculation reflects Carlyle’s 10% interest in management fees earned by the Legacy Energy funds and 55% interest in management fees earned by the NGP management fee funds and carry funds. Accounts based on gross asset base generally have an effective management fee rate of 0.5% or less. |
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The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Real Assets | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 26,236 | $ | 30,422 | $ | 27,487 | $ | 30,905 | |||||||
Inflows, including Fee-paying Commitments (1) | 5,033 | 186 | 5,504 | 1,161 | |||||||||||
Outflows, including Distributions (2) | (1,315 | ) | (1,589 | ) | (3,153 | ) | (3,089 | ) | |||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (3) | 20 | 6 | 45 | 14 | |||||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (4) | (154 | ) | (120 | ) | (63 | ) | (86 | ) | |||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 29,820 | $ | 28,905 | $ | 29,820 | $ | 28,905 | |||||||
(1) | Inflows represent limited partner capital raised and capital invested by funds outside the investment period. |
(2) | Outflows represent distributions from funds outside the investment period and changes in fee basis for our carry funds where the investment period has expired. |
(3) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments in our carry funds based on the lower of cost or fair value and net asset value. |
(4) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Fee-earning AUM was $29.8 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.6 billion, or approximately 14%, compared to $26.2 billion at June 30, 2017. The increase was driven by inflows of $5.0 billion, primarily from new fee-paying commitments raised in CRP VIII. The increase was partially offset by outflows of $1.3 billion, primarily related to distribution activity in the Legacy Energy funds and other funds outside the original investment period. Changes in fair value have no material impact on Fee-earning AUM for Real Assets as substantially all of the funds generate management fees based on either commitments or invested capital at cost, neither of which is impacted by fair value movements. Investment and distribution activity by funds still in the original investment period do not impact Fee-earning AUM as these funds are based on commitments and not invested capital.
Fee-earning AUM was $29.8 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $2.3 billion, or approximately 8%, compared to $27.5 billion at December 31, 2016. This increase was driven by inflows of $5.5 billion, primarily related to new limited partner capital invested in CPI and new fee-paying commitments to CRP VIII. The increase was partially offset by outflows of $3.2 billion primarily related to distribution activity in the Legacy Energy funds, NGP management fee funds, and US real estate funds, as well as other funds outside the original investment period.
Fee-earning AUM was $29.8 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.9 billion, or 3%, compared to $28.9 billion at September 30, 2016. This increase was driven by inflows of $5.9 billion, primarily due to new fee-paying commitments to CRP VIII and new limited partner capital invested in CPI. The increase was offset by outflows of $4.9 billion, including dispositions in various funds with fees based on invested capital, primarily in our NGP carry and management fee funds, Legacy Energy funds, and in our Asia, Europe, and US real estate funds.
Fee-earning AUM was $28.9 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $1.5 billion, or approximately 5%, compared to $30.4 billion at June 30, 2016. This decrease was driven by outflows of $1.6 billion, primarily related to distribution activity in our funds outside the original investment period. The decrease was partially offset by inflows of $0.2 billion, primarily related to new limited partner commitments in CPI and purchases by funds outside the original investment period.
Fee-earning AUM was $28.9 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $2.0 billion, or 6%, compared to $30.9 billion at December 31, 2015. The decrease is related to outflows of $3.1 billion primarily attributable to dispositions in various funds with fees based on invested capital. The decrease was partially offset by inflows of $1.2 billion, primarily related to new limited partner commitments in CPP II and CPI, and purchases by funds outside the original investment period.
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Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
The table below provides the period to period rollforwards of Available Capital and Fair Value of Capital, and the resulting rollforward of Total AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 14,636 | $ | 24,308 | $ | 38,944 | $ | 11,573 | $ | 22,679 | $ | 34,252 | |||||||||||
Commitments (1) | 1,987 | — | 1,987 | 6,333 | — | 6,333 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital Called, net (2) | (1,034 | ) | 926 | (108 | ) | (2,548 | ) | 2,279 | (269 | ) | |||||||||||||
Distributions (3) | 277 | (1,696 | ) | (1,419 | ) | 497 | (3,759 | ) | (3,262 | ) | |||||||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (4) | — | 334 | 334 | — | 2,610 | 2,610 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (5) | 3 | 27 | 30 | 14 | 90 | 104 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 15,869 | $ | 23,899 | $ | 39,768 | $ | 15,869 | $ | 23,899 | $ | 39,768 | |||||||||||
(1) | Represents capital raised by our carry funds and the NGP management fee funds, net of expired available capital. |
(2) | Represents capital called by our carry funds and the NGP management fee funds, net of fund fees and expenses. Equity invested amounts may vary from capital called due to timing differences between acquisition and capital call dates. |
(3) | Represents distributions from our carry funds and the NGP management fee funds, net of amounts recycled. Distributions are based on when proceeds are actually distributed to investors, which may differ from when they are realized. |
(4) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments. |
(5) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Total AUM was $39.8 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.9 billion, or approximately 2%, compared to $38.9 billion at June 30, 2017. The increase was driven by new commitments of $2.0 billion resulting from new funds raised primarily in CRP VIII and NGP XII, as well as market appreciation of $0.3 billion. Carry fund market appreciation of 2% was driven by a 6% in our public portfolio and a 1% increase in our private portfolio. The carry funds driving appreciation for the period included $0.1 billion attributable to CIP, $0.1 billion attributable to NGP XI, and $0.1 billion attributable to CIEP . This increase was partially offset by distributions of $1.7 billion, of which $0.3 billion were recallable, primarily in our US real estate and Legacy Energy funds.
Total AUM was $39.8 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $5.5 billion, or approximately 16%, compared to $34.3 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase was driven by new commitments of $6.3 billion resulting from new funds raised primarily in CRP VIII, NGP XII, and CPI, as well as market appreciation of $2.6 billion. Carry fund market appreciation of 14% was driven by a 15% increase in our private portfolio and a 12% increase in our public portfolio. The carry funds driving appreciation for the period included $0.8 billion attributable to NGP XI, $0.4 billion attributable to CRP VII, and $0.2 billion attributable to CIEP . This increase was partially offset by distributions of $3.8 billion, of which $0.5 billion were recallable, primarily in our US and Europe real estate funds, Legacy Energy funds, and NGP carry and management fee funds.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our carry funds that generally have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2017, which we refer to as our “significant funds,” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group L.P. and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group L.P. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns. The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Real Assets business. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
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TOTAL INVESTMENTS | REALIZED/PARTIALLY REALIZED INVESTMENTS(5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund Inception Date(1) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(2) | Total Fair Value(3) | MOIC(4) | Gross IRR (7)(12) | Net IRR (8)(12) | Cumulative Invested Capital(2) | Total Fair Value(3) | MOIC(4) | Gross IRR (7)(12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Assets | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fully Invested/Committed Funds(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CRP III | 11/2000 | $ | 564.1 | $ | 522.5 | $ | 1,838.2 | 3.5x | 44 | % | 30 | % | $ | 522.5 | $ | 1,838.2 | 3.5x | 44 | % | |||||||||||||||
CRP IV | 12/2004 | $ | 950.0 | $ | 1,198.5 | $ | 1,935.7 | 1.6x | 8 | % | 5 | % | $ | 984.8 | $ | 1,659.3 | 1.7x | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||
CRP V | 11/2006 | $ | 3,000.0 | $ | 3,293.5 | $ | 5,520.4 | 1.7x | 12 | % | 9 | % | $ | 2,988.2 | $ | 5,163.6 | 1.7x | 14 | % | |||||||||||||||
CRP VI | 9/2010 | $ | 2,340.0 | $ | 2,108.0 | $ | 3,914.5 | 1.9x | 29 | % | 20 | % | $ | 1,529.5 | $ | 3,128.7 | 2.0x | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||
CRP VII | 3/2014 | $ | 4,161.6 | $ | 2,840.4 | $ | 3,733.8 | 1.3x | 22% | 12% | $ | 117.0 | $ | 216.1 | 1.8x | 38% | ||||||||||||||||||
CEREP I | 3/2002 | € | 426.6 | € | 517.0 | € | 698.6 | 1.4x | 14% | 7% | € | 517.0 | € | 698.6 | 1.4x | 14% | ||||||||||||||||||
CEREP II | 4/2005 | € | 762.7 | € | 833.8 | € | 128.1 | 0.2x | Neg | Neg | € | 798.2 | € | 133.9 | 0.2x | Neg | ||||||||||||||||||
CEREP III | 5/2007 | € | 2,229.5 | € | 2,054.2 | € | 2,438.8 | 1.2x | 4 | % | 1 | % | € | 1,622.7 | € | 2,093.2 | 1.3x | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||
CIP | 9/2006 | $ | 1,143.7 | $ | 1,069.8 | $ | 1,426.7 | 1.3x | 6 | % | 3 | % | $ | 857.0 | $ | 1,041.3 | 1.2x | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||
NGP X | 1/2012 | $ | 3,586.0 | $ | 3,262.7 | $ | 4,043.1 | 1.2x | 8 | % | 5 | % | $ | 1,333.9 | $ | 2,431.1 | 1.8x | 26 | % | |||||||||||||||
NGP XI | 6/2014 | $ | 5,325.0 | $ | 3,308.4 | $ | 4,556.4 | 1.4x | 36 | % | 31 | % | $ | 228.8 | $ | 471.2 | 2.1x | 159 | % | |||||||||||||||
Energy II | 7/2002 | $ | 1,100.0 | $ | 1,334.8 | $ | 3,131.2 | 2.3x | 81 | % | 55 | % | $ | 1,334.8 | $ | 3,131.2 | 2.3x | 94 | % | |||||||||||||||
Energy III | 10/2005 | $ | 3,800.0 | $ | 3,569.7 | $ | 5,426.4 | 1.5x | 9 | % | 6 | % | $ | 2,873.9 | $ | 5,046.0 | 1.8x | 17 | % | |||||||||||||||
Energy IV | 12/2007 | $ | 5,979.1 | $ | 6,232.7 | $ | 8,105.0 | 1.3x | 8 | % | 5 | % | $ | 4,064.6 | $ | 5,920.4 | 1.5x | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||
Renew II | 3/2008 | $ | 3,417.5 | $ | 2,809.4 | $ | 4,143.3 | 1.5x | 9 | % | 5 | % | $ | 1,555.3 | $ | 2,411.1 | 1.6x | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||
All Other Funds(9) | Various | $ | 2,939.5 | $ | 3,281.9 | 1.1x | 4 | % | Neg | $ | 2,662.1 | $ | 3,019.7 | 1.1x | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Coinvestments and Other(10) | Various | $ | 5,739.6 | $ | 9,440.4 | 1.6x | 16 | % | 13 | % | $ | 4,112.9 | $ | 7,439.6 | 1.8x | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Total Fully Invested Funds | $ | 44,247.7 | $ | 64,350.6 | 1.5x | 12 | % | 8 | % | $ | 28,632.5 | $ | 46,370.0 | 1.6x | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Funds in the Investment Period(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CRP VIII | 5/2017 | $ | 4,310.8 | $ | 74.4 | $ | 73.3 | 1.0x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CIEP I | 9/2013 | $ | 2,500.0 | $ | 501.3 | $ | 919.8 | 1.8x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CPP II | 6/2014 | $ | 1,526.9 | $ | 643.9 | $ | 683.2 | 1.1x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CPI | 5/2016 | $ | 1,144.0 | $ | 816.2 | $ | 906.8 | 1.1x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
All Other Funds(11) | Various | $ | 583.0 | $ | 590.4 | 1.0x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Funds in the Investment Period | $ | 2,618.7 | $ | 3,173.4 | 1.2x | 18 | % | 5 | % | $ | — | $ | — | n/a | NM | |||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL Real Assets(13) | $ | 46,866.5 | $ | 67,524.0 | 1.4x | 12 | % | 8 | % | $ | 28,632.5 | $ | 46,370.0 | 1.6x | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) | The data presented herein that provides “inception to date” performance results of our segments relates to the period following the formation of the first fund within each segment. For our Corporate Private Equity segment our first fund was formed in 1990. For our Real Assets segment our first fund was formed in 1997. For our Global Market Strategies segment our first carry fund was formed in 2004. |
(2) | Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund. |
(3) | Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(4) | Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. |
(5) | An investment is considered realized when the investment fund has completely exited, and ceases to own an interest in, the investment. An investment is considered partially realized when the total amount of proceeds received in respect of such investment, including dividends, interest or other distributions and/or return of capital, represents at least 85% of invested capital and such investment is not yet fully realized. Because part of our value creation strategy involves pursuing best exit alternatives, we believe information regarding Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR, when considered together with the other investment performance metrics presented, provides investors with meaningful information regarding our investment performance by removing the impact of investments where significant realization activity has not yet occurred. Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR have limitations as measures of investment performance, and should not be considered in isolation. Such limitations include the fact that these measures do not include the performance of earlier stage and other investments that do not satisfy the criteria provided above. The exclusion of such investments will have a positive impact on Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and Gross IRR in instances when the MOIC and Gross IRR in respect of such investments are less than the aggregate MOIC and Gross IRR. Our measurements of Realized/Partially Realized MOIC and |
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Gross IRR may not be comparable to those of other companies that use similarly titled measures. We do not present Realized/Partially Realized performance information separately for funds that are still in the investment period because of the relatively insignificant level of realizations for funds of this type. However, to the extent such funds have had realizations, they are included in the Realized/Partially Realized performance information presented for Total Real Assets.
(6) | Fully Invested funds are past the expiration date of the investment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. In instances where a successor fund has had its first capital call, the predecessor fund is categorized as fully invested. |
(7) | Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(8) | Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(9) | Aggregate includes the following funds: CRP I, CRP II, CAREP I, CAREP II, CRCP I, CPOCP, Energy I and Renew I. |
(10) | Includes coinvestments and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us. |
(11) | Aggregate includes NGP GAP, CCR, and NGP XII. Return is not considered meaningful, as the investment period commenced in December 2013 for NGP GAP, October 2016 for CCR, and July 2017 for NGP XII. |
(12) | For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end. |
(13) | For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate. |
Remaining Fair Value(1) | Unrealized MOIC(2) | Total MOIC(3) | % Invested(4) | In Accrued Carry/ (Clawback) (5) | LTM Realized Carry (6) | Catch-up Rate | Fee Initiation Date(7) | Quarters Since Fee Initiation | Original Investment Period End Date | ||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Assets | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
NGP XI | $ | 4,089.3 | 1.3x | 1.4x | 62 | % | X | 80 | % | Feb-15 | 10 | Oct-19 | |||||||||||
CRP VII | $ | 3,470.0 | 1.3x | 1.3x | 68 | % | X | 80 | % | Jun-14 | 13 | Mar-19 | |||||||||||
Energy IV | $ | 2,754.7 | 1.2x | 1.3x | 104 | % | (X) | 80 | % | Feb-08 | 38 | Dec-13 | |||||||||||
NGP X | $ | 1,727.5 | 0.9x | 1.2x | 91 | % | 80 | % | Jan-12 | 22 | May-17 | ||||||||||||
Renew II | $ | 1,696.9 | 1.4x | 1.5x | 82 | % | (X) | 80 | % | Mar-08 | 38 | May-14 | |||||||||||
CRP V | $ | 1,191.8 | 2.1x | 1.7x | 110 | % | X | 50 | % | Nov-06 | 43 | Nov-11 | |||||||||||
CIEP I | $ | 870.9 | 1.8x | 1.8x | 20 | % | X | 80 | % | Oct-13 | 15 | Sep-19 | |||||||||||
CRP VI | $ | 794.6 | 1.4x | 1.9x | 90 | % | X | X | 50 | % | Mar-11 | 26 | Mar-16 | ||||||||||
CRP IV | $ | 742.0 | 2.7x | 1.6x | 126 | % | 50 | % | Jan-05 | 50 | Dec-09 | ||||||||||||
CPI | $ | 621.7 | 1.1x | 1.1x | n/a | X | 50 | % | May-16 | 5 | Apr-21 | ||||||||||||
CRP III | $ | 462.6 | 137.8x | 3.5x | 93 | % | X | X | 50 | % | Mar-01 | 66 | May-05 | ||||||||||
CPP II | $ | 431.8 | 1.0x | 1.1x | 42 | % | 80 | % | Sep-14 | 12 | Apr-21 | ||||||||||||
CEREP III | € | 310.0 | 0.7x | 1.2x | 92 | % | 67 | % | Jun-07 | 41 | May-11 | ||||||||||||
CIP | $ | 337.1 | 1.9x | 1.3x | 94 | % | 80 | % | Oct-06 | 43 | Sep-12 | ||||||||||||
Energy III | $ | 303.6 | 0.4x | 1.5x | 94 | % | (X) | 80 | % | Nov-05 | 47 | Oct-11 | |||||||||||
All Other Funds (8) | $ | 298.1 | 0.9x | 1.2x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||
Coinvestment and Other (9) | $ | 2,160.2 | 1.5x | 1.6x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||
Total Real Assets (10) | $ | 22,318.6 | 1.3x | 1.4x | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Net asset value of our carry funds. Reflects significant funds with remaining fair value of greater than $100 million. |
(2) | Unrealized multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents remaining fair market value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by remaining investment cost. |
(3) | Total MOIC represents total fair value (realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value), before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. For certain funds, represents the original cost of investments net of investment-level recallable proceeds, which is adjusted to reflect recyclability of invested capital for the purpose of calculating the fund MOIC. |
(4) | Represents cumulative equity invested as of the reporting period divided by total commitments. Amount can be greater than 100% due to the re-investment of recallable distributions to fund investors. |
(5) | Fund has a net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end, driven by a significant portion of the fund’s asset base. |
(6) | Fund has generated realized net performance fees/(realized giveback) in the last twelve months. |
(7) | Represents the date of the first capital contribution for management fees. |
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(8) | Aggregate includes the following funds: CRP I, CRP II, CRCP I, CRP VIII, CEREP I, CEREP II, CAREP I, CAREP II, CCR, CPOCP I, NGP GAP, NGP XII, Energy I, Energy II and Renew I. In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) and LTM Realized Carry not indicated because the indicator does not apply to each fund within the aggregate. |
(9) | Includes co-investments, prefund investments and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us. In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) and LTM Realized Carry not indicated because the indicator does not apply to each fund within the aggregate. |
(10) | For purposes of aggregation, funds that report in foreign currency have been converted to U.S. dollars at the reporting period spot rate. |
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Global Market Strategies
Global Market Strategies is now focused on building our global credit business. We conducted a review in 2016 of the segment in order to realign and reorganize certain of the segment’s operations. We have exited our hedge fund business (ESG in 2016 and Claren Road in January 2017) and, as a result of settlements reached during 2017 with investors in two commodities investment vehicles managed by Vermillion, we have completed the exit of the commodities investment advisory business and other hedge fund investment advisory businesses that we had acquired from 2010 to 2014. In the near to mid term, this segment will incur additional expenses to build the credit business and raise additional capital.
For purposes of presenting our results of operations for this segment, we include only our economic interests in the results of operations of Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016). The following table presents our results of operations for our Global Market Strategies segment:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 47.6 | $ | 44.1 | $ | 140.8 | $ | 147.4 | |||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 47.7 | 44.2 | 141.3 | 148.1 | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 15.0 | 14.3 | 37.8 | 21.5 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 2.6 | 3.1 | 15.5 | 4.6 | |||||||||||
Total performance fees | 17.6 | 17.4 | 53.3 | 26.1 | |||||||||||
Investment income | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 4.7 | 1.1 | 8.6 | 2.7 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | — | 7.1 | 4.3 | 14.9 | |||||||||||
Total investment income | 4.7 | 8.2 | 12.9 | 17.6 | |||||||||||
Interest | 2.0 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 3.7 | |||||||||||
Other income | 1.1 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 3.5 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 73.1 | 72.1 | 217.7 | 199.0 | |||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 23.0 | 20.9 | 55.3 | 66.3 | |||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 6.7 | 7.5 | 20.9 | 22.7 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 5.1 | 4.4 | 16.9 | 13.8 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 7.3 | 6.6 | 18.2 | 8.1 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 0.8 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 2.2 | |||||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 42.9 | 40.7 | 118.2 | 113.1 | |||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | (63.6 | ) | 37.7 | (18.6 | ) | 77.1 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 4.6 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 4.2 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 8.5 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | (15.2 | ) | 82.9 | 113.4 | 203.3 | ||||||||||
Economic Net Income (Loss) | $ | 88.3 | $ | (10.8 | ) | $ | 104.3 | $ | (4.3 | ) | |||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 9.5 | 9.5 | 28.2 | 15.8 | |||||||||||
(-) Investment Income | 4.7 | 8.2 | 12.9 | 17.6 | |||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 5.1 | 4.4 | 16.9 | 13.8 | |||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (4.1 | ) | 19.0 | (4.1 | ) | 19.0 | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 75.1 | $ | (5.1 | ) | $ | 76.0 | $ | (4.9 | ) | |||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 7.7 | 7.7 | 19.6 | 13.4 | |||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income | 4.7 | 1.1 | 8.6 | 2.7 | |||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 87.5 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 104.2 | $ | 11.2 | |||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Distributable Earnings
Distributable earnings increased $83.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $93.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in distributable earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 11.2 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase in realized net performance fees | — | 6.2 | ||||
Increase in realized investment income | 3.6 | 5.9 | ||||
Increase in fee related earnings | 80.2 | 80.9 | ||||
Total increase | 83.8 | 93.0 | ||||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 87.5 | $ | 104.2 | ||
Realized Net Performance Fees. Realized net performance fees were flat for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Substantially all of the realized net performance fees were generated by the business development companies, the structured credit funds and our third distressed and corporate opportunities fund (“CSP III”) for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Net realized performance fees generated by the structured credit funds primarily contributed to realized net performance fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Realized Investment Income. Realized investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $4.7 million compared to realized investment income of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in realized investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to higher realizations on investments in our structured credit funds.
Realized investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $8.6 million compared to realized investment income of $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in realized investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to higher realizations on investments in our structured credit funds and carry funds.
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Fee Related Earnings
Fee related earnings increased $80.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $80.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in fee related earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | (5.1 | ) | $ | (4.9 | ) |
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase (decrease) in fee revenues | 3.5 | (6.8 | ) | |||
(Increase) decrease in direct and indirect base compensation | (1.3 | ) | 12.8 | |||
Decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | 78.2 | 72.6 | ||||
All other changes | (0.2 | ) | 2.3 | |||
Total increase | 80.2 | 80.9 | ||||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 75.1 | $ | 76.0 | ||
Fee Revenues. Fee revenues increased $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a $4.9 million increase in fund management fees primarily as a result of increased commitments and subsequent closings for our fourth distressed fund (“CSP IV”) in the first quarter of 2017. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $2.5 million in fund management fees related to the separation from the hedge funds and lower basis on certain carry funds.
Fee revenues decreased $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a decrease of $28.7 million in fund management fees related to the separation from the hedge funds and lower basis on certain carry funds. These decreases were partially offset by a $23.7 million increase in fund management fees primarily as a result of increased commitments and subsequent closings for CSP IV in the first quarter of 2017.
The weighted average management fee rate on our carry funds was 1.36% at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2017. The rate stayed the same primarily due to new fee-paying commitments raised in CSP IV with management fee rates close to the segment average.
Direct and indirect base compensation expense. Direct and indirect base compensation expense increased $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in projected year-end bonuses, partially offset by lower headcount from the separation of the hedge fund businesses, which resulted in $3.4 million of lower compensation.
Direct and indirect base compensation expense decreased $12.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower headcount from the separation of the hedge fund businesses, which resulted in $21.6 million of lower compensation. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in projected year-end bonuses.
We expect that as we add new talent to our growing global credit business, our direct and indirect base compensation expense will increase. However, as this strategy raises incremental capital, we expect the positive impact from additional fee revenue to more than offset our increased compensation levels.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $78.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased $72.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to net incremental insurance recoveries of $74 million recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017 for litigation and contingencies attributable to the Vermillion matter (see Note 9 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements).
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Economic Net Income (Loss)
Economic net income (loss) increased $99.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $108.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in economic net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Economic net loss, September 30, 2016 | $ | (10.8 | ) | $ | (4.3 | ) |
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase in net performance fees | — | 12.4 | ||||
Decrease in investment income | (3.5 | ) | (4.7 | ) | ||
Increase in equity-based compensation | (0.7 | ) | (3.1 | ) | ||
Increase in fee related earnings | 80.2 | 80.9 | ||||
Decrease in reserve for litigation and contingencies | 23.1 | 23.1 | ||||
Total increase | 99.1 | 108.6 | ||||
Economic net income, September 30, 2017 | $ | 88.3 | $ | 104.3 | ||
Performance Fees. Performance fees (realized and unrealized) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are from the following types of funds:
Performance Fees | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Carry funds | $ | 6.0 | $ | 3.1 | $ | 21.8 | $ | 4.2 | |||||||
Hedge funds | — | — | — | 0.9 | |||||||||||
Structured credit funds and business development companies | 11.6 | 14.3 | 31.5 | 21.0 | |||||||||||
Performance fees | $ | 17.6 | $ | 17.4 | $ | 53.3 | $ | 26.1 | |||||||
The $17.6 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CLOs and business development companies of $11.6 million, and
•CSP IV of $5.9 million.
The $17.4 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was driven by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CLOs and business development companies of $14.3 million,
•CSP III of $4.7 million,
•CSP II of $1.6 million, and
•Carlyle Mezzanine Partners II, L.P. (“CMP II”) of $(3.2) million.
The $53.3 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CLOs and business development companies of $31.5 million,
•CSP III of $12.2 million,
•CSP IV of $11.2 million,
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•CSP II of $4.1 million, and
•CMP II of $(5.8) million.
The $26.1 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was driven by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•CLOs and business development companies of $21.0 million,
•CSP III of $3.2 million,
•CSP II of $2.8 million, and
•CMP II of $(1.8) million.
Performance fees of $17.6 million and $17.4 million are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $0.5 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Performance fees of $53.3 million and $26.1 million are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $5.8 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The appreciation (depreciation) in remaining value of assets for this segment's carry funds are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
Carry funds | —% | —% | 9% | (13)% | |
Net performance fees as a percentage of total performance fees are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||
Net Performance Fees | $9.5 | $9.5 | $28.2 | $15.8 | |
Percentage of Total Performance Fees | 54% | 55% | 53% | 61% | |
The increase in net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to increased performance fees generated from our carry funds and business development companies in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Total Investment Income. Total investment income (realized and unrealized) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $4.7 million compared to total investment income of $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in investment income relates primarily to depreciation on certain U.S. and Euro-denominated collateralized loan obligations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to appreciation on our U.S.-denominated collateralized loan obligations for the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Total investment income (realized and unrealized) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $12.9 million compared to total investment income of $17.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in investment income relates primarily to lower appreciation on certain U.S. and Euro-denominated collateralized loan obligations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This decrease is partially offset by appreciation on our carry funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to depreciation on our carry funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation was $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.7 million from $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Equity-based compensation was $16.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.1 million from $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
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Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies. Global Market Strategies' (“GMS”) share of the reserve for litigation and contingencies decreased $23.1 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily related to GMS' share of the $25 million reserve reversal related to the CCC litigation recognized in 2017, while GMS recognized its share of the $100 million reserve in 2016 related to a commodities legal matter.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
The table below breaks out Fee-earning AUM by its respective components at each period.
As of September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
Global Market Strategies | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||
Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||
Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 5,026 | $ | 3,389 | |||
Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital | 1,202 | 1,343 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on collateral balances, at par | 17,647 | 17,677 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 41 | 4,761 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on other (2) | 2,096 | 1,797 | |||||
Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 26,012 | $ | 28,967 | |||
Weighted Average Management Fee Rates (3) | |||||||
All Funds, excluding CLOs | 1.36 | % | 1.43 | % | |||
(1) | For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.” |
(2) | Includes funds with fees based on gross asset value. |
(3) Represents the aggregate effective management fee rate for carry funds and hedge funds, weighted by each fund’s Fee-earning AUM, as of the end of each period presented. Management fees for CLOs are based on the total par amount of the assets (collateral) and principal balance of the notes in the fund and are not calculated as a percentage of equity and are therefore not included.
The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Global Market Strategies | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 25,214 | $ | 28,732 | $ | 24,126 | $ | 30,972 | |||||||
Inflows, including Fee-paying Commitments (1) | 29 | 810 | 1,138 | 1,268 | |||||||||||
Outflows, including Distributions (2) | (15 | ) | (45 | ) | (161 | ) | (594 | ) | |||||||
Subscriptions, net of Redemptions (3) | — | (373 | ) | — | (2,266 | ) | |||||||||
Changes in CLO collateral balances (4) | 332 | (267 | ) | (17 | ) | (400 | ) | ||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (5) | 2 | (169 | ) | 3 | (571 | ) | |||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (6) | 450 | 279 | 923 | 558 | |||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 26,012 | $ | 28,967 | $ | 26,012 | $ | 28,967 | |||||||
(1) | Inflows represent limited partner capital raised and capital invested by our carry funds outside the investment period. |
(2) | Outflows represent limited partner distributions from our carry funds, changes in fee basis for our carry funds where the investment period has expired, and reductions for funds that are no longer calling fees. |
(3) | Represents subscriptions and redemptions in our hedge funds. |
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(4) | Represents the change in the aggregate Fee-earning collateral balances and principal balances at par of our CLOs/structured products, as of the quarterly cut-off dates. |
(5) | Market Appreciation/ (Depreciation) represents changes in the net asset value of our hedge funds. |
(6) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds and other changes in Total AUM. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Fee-earning AUM was $26.0 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.8 billion, or approximately 3%, compared to $25.2 billion at June 30, 2017. The difference was driven by foreign exchange gains of $0.5 billion primarily due to the translation of Fee-earning AUM in our European CLOs from EUR to USD and increases in our CLO collateral balances of $0.3 billion. Distributions from carry funds still in the investment period do not impact Fee-earning AUM as these funds are based on commitments and not invested capital.
Fee-earning AUM was $26.0 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.9 billion, or approximately 8%, compared to $24.1 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase was driven by net inflows of $1.1 billion primarily due to new limited partner commitments raised in CSP IV and foreign exchange gains of $0.9 billion primarily due to the translation of Fee-earning AUM in our European CLOs from EUR to USD. This increase was partially offset by $0.2 billion of distributions primarily in our distressed debt carry funds.
Fee-earning AUM was $26.0 billion at September 30, 2017, a decrease of $3.0 billion, or approximately 10%, compared to $29.0 billion at September 30, 2016. This decrease was driven by divestment activity of $4.4 billion related to the transfer of ESG and Claren Road hedge fund assets back to their founders, as well as net redemptions in our hedge funds of $0.5 billion, primarily in our hedge funds at Claren Road and ESG. This decrease was partially offset by net inflows of $1.8 billion, primarily related to new limited partner commitments raised in CSP IV.
Fee-earning AUM was $29.0 billion at September 30, 2016, an increase of $0.3 billion, or approximately 1%, compared to $28.7 billion at June 30, 2016. This increase was driven by net inflows of $0.8 billion primarily in CSP IV and foreign exchange gains of $0.3 billion in our Euro-denominated CLOs. This increase was partially offset by net redemptions in our hedge funds of $0.4 billion and $0.3 billion of decreases in our CLO collateral balances.
Fee-earning AUM was $29.0 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $2.0 billion, or approximately 6%, compared to $31.0 billion at December 31, 2015. This decrease was driven by net redemptions in our hedge funds of $2.3 billion, primarily in our hedge funds at Claren Road and ESG, net outflows including distributions of $0.6 billion, primarily due to fees no longer being charged on one of our commodities hedge funds and distributions by funds with a management fee basis of invested equity, and $0.6 billion of market depreciation in our hedge funds. This decrease was partially offset by net inflows of $1.3 billion, primarily due to fundraising in CEMOF II and CSP IV.
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Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017.
The table below provides the period to period rollforwards of Available Capital and Fair Value of Capital, and the resulting rollforward of Total AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Market Strategies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 7,701 | $ | 23,191 | $ | 30,892 | $ | 6,774 | $ | 22,625 | $ | 29,399 | |||||||||||
Commitments (1) | 363 | — | 363 | 1,674 | — | 1,674 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital Called, net (2) | (645 | ) | 623 | (22 | ) | (1,098 | ) | 1,196 | 98 | ||||||||||||||
Distributions (3) | 13 | (226 | ) | (213 | ) | 76 | (476 | ) | (400 | ) | |||||||||||||
Subscriptions, net of Redemptions (4) | — | — | — | — | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Changes in CLO collateral balances (5) | — | 377 | 377 | — | 131 | 131 | |||||||||||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (6) | — | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | — | 138 | 138 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (7) | — | 480 | 480 | 6 | 836 | 842 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, End of Period (8) | $ | 7,432 | $ | 24,443 | $ | 31,875 | $ | 7,432 | $ | 24,443 | $ | 31,875 | |||||||||||
(1) | Represents capital raised by our carry funds, net of expired available capital. |
(2) | Represents capital called by our carry funds and business development companies, net of fund fees and expenses. Equity invested amounts may vary from capital called due to timing differences between acquisition and capital call dates. |
(3) | Represents distributions from our carry funds and business development companies, net of amounts recycled. Distributions are based on when proceeds are actually distributed to investors, which may differ from when they are realized. |
(4) | Represents the net result of subscriptions to and redemptions from our hedge funds. |
(5) | Represents the change in the aggregate collateral balance and principal cash and principal notes at par of the CLOs/structured products. |
(6) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments and changes in the net asset value of our hedge funds. |
(7) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds and other changes in AUM. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
(8) | Ending balance is comprised of approximately $19.4 billion from our structured credit funds, $10.4 billion (including $7.4 billion of Available Capital) in our carry funds, and $2.1 billion from our business development company. |
Total AUM was $31.9 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.0 billion, or approximately 3%, compared to $30.9 billion at June 30, 2017. The increase was driven by foreign exchange and other gains of $0.5 billion primarily due to an increase in the gross asset value of our publicly traded BDC and gains on the translation of AUM in our European CLOs from EUR to USD, as well as $0.4 billion of new commitments raised primarily in CSC and CCOF. Also driving the increase were $0.4 billion of gains in our CLO collateral balances.
Total AUM was $31.9 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $2.5 billion, or approximately 9%, compared to $29.4 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase was driven by $1.7 billion of new commitments raised primarily in CSC, CCOF, and CSP IV, as well as foreign exchange and other gains of $0.8 billion primarily due to the translation of AUM in our European CLOs from EUR to USD. This increase was partially offset by distributions of $0.5 billion, of which $0.1 billion were recallable, primarily in our distressed debt carry funds.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for certain of our Global Market Strategies funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group L.P. and is also not
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necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group L.P. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following table reflects the performance of carry funds in our Global Market Strategies business. These tables separately present carry funds that, as of September 30, 2017, had at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total equity value. Please see “— Our Family of Funds” for a legend of the fund acronyms listed below.
TOTAL INVESTMENTS | |||||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | As of September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fund Inception Date(1) | Committed Capital | Cumulative Invested Capital(2) | Total Fair Value(3) | MOIC(4) | Gross IRR (5)(10) | Net IRR (6)(10) | |||||||||||||||
Global Market Strategies (Carry Funds Only) | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fully Invested/Committed Funds (7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
CSP II | 6/2007 | $ | 1,352.3 | $ | 1,352.3 | $ | 2,468.6 | 1.8x | 17 | % | 11 | % | |||||||||
CSP III | 8/2011 | $ | 702.8 | $ | 702.8 | $ | 1,155.6 | 1.6x | 33 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||
CEMOF I | 12/2010 | $ | 1,382.5 | $ | 1,465.0 | $ | 1,254.5 | 0.9x | Neg | Neg | |||||||||||
All Other Funds(8) | $ | 1,438.5 | $ | 1,999.1 | 1.4x | 12 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Coinvestments and Other(9) | $ | 890.6 | $ | 838.5 | 0.9x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||
Total Fully Invested Funds | $ | 5,849.2 | $ | 7,716.2 | 1.3x | 12 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||||
Funds in the Investment Period (7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
CSP IV | 3/2016 | $ | 2,500.0 | $ | 483.9 | $ | 601.4 | 1.2x | NM | NM | |||||||||||
CEMOF II | 2/2015 | $ | 2,819.2 | $ | 478.6 | $ | 520.3 | 1.1x | NM | NM | |||||||||||
All Other Funds | $ | 49.6 | $ | 52.2 | 1.1x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||
Total Funds in the Investment Period | $ | 1,012.1 | $ | 1,173.9 | 1.2x | NM | NM | ||||||||||||||
TOTAL Global Market Strategies | $ | 6,861.3 | $ | 8,890.1 | 1.3x | 12 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||||
(1) | The data presented herein that provides “inception to date” performance results of our segments relates to the period following the formation of the first fund within each segment. For our Global Market Strategies segment our first carry fund was formed in 2004. |
(2) | Represents the original cost of investments net of investment level recallable proceeds which is adjusted to reflect recyclability of invested capital for the purpose of calculating the fund MOIC. |
(3) | Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(4) | Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. |
(5) | Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(6) | Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(7) | Fully Invested funds are past the expiration date of the investment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. In instances where a successor fund has had its first capital call, the predecessor fund is categorized as fully invested. |
(8) | Aggregate includes the following funds: CMP I, CMP II, CSP I, and CASCOF. |
(9) | Includes coinvestments and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us. |
(10) | For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end. |
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Remaining Fair Value(1) | Unrealized MOIC(2) | Total MOIC(3) | % Invested(4) | In Accrued Carry/ (Clawback) (5) | LTM Realized Carry (6) | Catch-up Rate | Fee Initiation Date(7) | Quarters Since Fee Initiation | Original Investment Period End Date | ||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Global Market Strategies | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CEMOF I | $ | 687.2 | 0.6x | 0.9x | 106 | % | 100 | % | Dec-10 | 27 | Dec-15 | ||||||||||||
CEMOF II | $ | 495.5 | 1.0x | 1.1x | 17 | % | 100 | % | Dec-15 | 7 | Feb-20 | ||||||||||||
CSP III | $ | 491.6 | 1.4x | 1.6x | 100 | % | X | X | 80 | % | Dec-11 | 23 | Aug-15 | ||||||||||
CSP IV | $ | 296.8 | 1.2x | 1.2x | 19 | % | X | 100 | % | Feb-17 | 2 | Jun-20 | |||||||||||
All Other Funds (8) | $ | 275.2 | 0.7x | 1.6x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||
Coinvestment and Other (9) | $ | 717.6 | 0.8x | 0.9x | NM | NM | |||||||||||||||||
Total Global Market Strategies | $ | 2,963.8 | 0.8x | 1.3x | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Net asset value of our carry funds. Reflects significant funds with remaining fair value of greater than $100 million. |
(2) | Unrealized multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents remaining fair market value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by remaining investment cost. |
(3) | Total MOIC represents total fair value (realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value), before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. For certain funds, represents the original cost of investments net of investment-level recallable proceeds, which is adjusted to reflect recyclability of invested capital for the purpose of calculating the fund MOIC. |
(4) | Represents cumulative equity invested as of the reporting period divided by total commitments. Amount can be greater than 100% due to the re-investment of recallable distributions to fund investors. |
(5) | Fund has a net accrued performance fee balance/(giveback obligation) as of the current quarter end, driven by a significant portion of the fund’s asset base. |
(6) | Fund has generated realized net performance fees/(realized giveback) in the last twelve months. |
(7) | Represents the date of the first capital contribution for management fees. |
(8) | Aggregate includes the following funds: CSP I, CSP II, CMP I, CMP II, CSC, and CASCOF. In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) and LTM Realized Carry not indicated because the indicator does not apply to each fund within the aggregate. |
(9) | Includes co-investments, prefund investments and certain other stand-alone investments arranged by us. In Accrued Carry/(Clawback) and LTM Realized Carry not indicated because the indicator does not apply to each fund within the aggregate. |
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Investment Solutions
In February 2016, we decided to restructure our Investment Solutions segment to focus on private market secondaries, primary investments, co-investment and managed account activities and, given the challenging market environment, discontinue our fund of hedge funds and liquid alternative initiatives. As a result, the Partnership has substantially wound down the operations of DGAM.
The following table presents our results of operations for our Investment Solutions segment:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Segment Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund level fee revenues | |||||||||||||||
Fund management fees | $ | 41.1 | $ | 33.1 | $ | 113.1 | $ | 103.7 | |||||||
Portfolio advisory fees, net | — | 0.8 | — | 0.8 | |||||||||||
Transaction fees, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Total fund level fee revenues | 41.1 | 33.9 | 113.1 | 104.5 | |||||||||||
Performance fees | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 30.2 | 36.3 | 66.5 | 42.7 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 4.2 | (6.8 | ) | 32.1 | 19.9 | ||||||||||
Total performance fees | 34.4 | 29.5 | 98.6 | 62.6 | |||||||||||
Investment income (loss) | |||||||||||||||
Realized | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Unrealized | 1.6 | 0.2 | 3.1 | (0.8 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investment income (loss) | 1.6 | 0.2 | 3.1 | (0.8 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | |||||||||||
Other income | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 77.8 | 63.9 | 216.0 | 167.0 | |||||||||||
Segment Expenses | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||
Direct base compensation | 19.7 | 16.3 | 51.9 | 49.9 | |||||||||||
Indirect base compensation | 5.0 | 2.7 | 11.9 | 8.6 | |||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | 2.1 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
Performance fee related | |||||||||||||||
Realized | 29.9 | 35.8 | 65.4 | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Unrealized | (2.0 | ) | (9.7 | ) | 18.4 | 13.3 | |||||||||
Total compensation and benefits | 54.7 | 46.7 | 153.8 | 118.1 | |||||||||||
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 6.1 | 17.3 | 21.6 | 34.6 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |||||||||||
Interest expense | 1.6 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 | |||||||||||
Total expenses | 63.3 | 66.4 | 182.6 | 159.8 | |||||||||||
Economic Net Income (Loss) | $ | 14.5 | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 33.4 | $ | 7.2 | ||||||
(-) Net Performance Fees | 6.5 | 3.4 | 14.8 | 8.1 | |||||||||||
(-) Investment Income (Loss) | 1.6 | 0.2 | 3.1 | (0.8 | ) | ||||||||||
(+) Equity-based Compensation | 2.1 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies | (2.6 | ) | 9.6 | (2.6 | ) | 9.6 | |||||||||
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 5.9 | $ | 5.1 | $ | 19.1 | $ | 14.6 | |||||||
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
(+) Realized Investment Income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
(=) Distributable Earnings | $ | 6.2 | $ | 5.6 | $ | 20.2 | $ | 16.1 | |||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Distributable Earnings
Distributable earnings increased $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in distributable earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 5.6 | $ | 16.1 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Decrease in realized net performance fees | (0.2 | ) | (0.4 | ) | ||
Increase in fee related earnings | 0.8 | 4.5 | ||||
Total increase | 0.6 | 4.1 | ||||
Distributable earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 6.2 | $ | 20.2 | ||
Fee Related Earnings
Fee related earnings increased $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in fee related earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2016 | $ | 5.1 | $ | 14.6 | ||
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase in fee revenues | 7.2 | 8.6 | ||||
Increase in direct and indirect base compensation | (5.7 | ) | (5.3 | ) | ||
(Increase) decrease in general, administrative and other indirect expenses | (1.0 | ) | 0.8 | |||
All other changes | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||
Total increase | 0.8 | 4.5 | ||||
Fee related earnings, September 30, 2017 | $ | 5.9 | $ | 19.1 | ||
Fee Revenues. Total fee revenues increased $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to increased management fees from our private equity fund vehicles as a result of closings of new fund vehicles, which have a higher average management fee rate than older fund vehicles, as well as $1.2 million of catch-up management fees in the the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Fee revenues also benefited from favorable foreign currency adjustments during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase is partially offset by the wind down of DGAM and the related redemptions from its fund of hedge funds, which decreased our fee revenues by $0.5 million and $5.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Direct and indirect base compensation expense. Direct and indirect base compensation expense increased $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in projected year-end bonuses and increased compensation associated with fundraising activities of $1.6 million.
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Direct and indirect base compensation expense increased $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in projected year-end bonuses and increased compensation associated with fundraising activities of $3.0 million.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses. General, administrative and other indirect expenses increased $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to negative foreign currency adjustments, partially offset by lower professional fees.
General, administrative and other indirect expenses decreased $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower professional fees and real estate costs. These decreases were partially offset by negative foreign currency adjustments and increased external costs associated with fundraising activities.
Economic Net Income (Loss)
Economic net income (loss) increased $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased $26.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table provides the components of the changes in economic net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
(Dollars in Millions) | ||||||
Economic net income (loss), September 30, 2016 | $ | (2.5 | ) | $ | 7.2 | |
Increases (decreases): | ||||||
Increase in net performance fees | 3.1 | 6.7 | ||||
Increase in investment income | 1.4 | 3.9 | ||||
Increase in equity-based compensation | (0.5 | ) | (1.1 | ) | ||
Increase in fee related earnings | 0.8 | 4.5 | ||||
Decrease in reserve for litigation and contingencies | 12.2 | 12.2 | ||||
Total increase | 17.0 | 26.2 | ||||
Economic net income, September 30, 2017 | $ | 14.5 | $ | 33.4 | ||
Performance Fees. Performance fees (realized and unrealized) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are from the following types of funds:
Performance Fees | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Private equity fund vehicles | $ | 34.0 | $ | 28.7 | $ | 96.7 | $ | 62.1 | |||||||
Real estate fund vehicles | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.5 | |||||||||||
Total performance fees | $ | 34.4 | $ | 29.5 | $ | 98.6 | $ | 62.6 | |||||||
Under our arrangements with the historical owners and management team of AlpInvest, we generally do not retain any carried interest with respect to the historical investments and commitments to our AlpInvest fund vehicles that existed as of July 1, 2011 (including any options to increase any such commitments exercised after such date). We are entitled to 15% of the carried interest with respect to commitments from the historical owners of AlpInvest for the period between 2011 and 2020 and 40% of the carried interest in respect of all other commitments (including all future commitments from third parties).
The increase in performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to higher realizations in our carry funds in 2017. Additionally, our carry funds
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appreciated 3% in the three months ended September 30, 2017 (excluding the impact of foreign currency, appreciation was 5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017) while appreciating 2% in the three months ended September 30, 2016.
The increase in performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to higher realizations in our carry funds in 2017. Overall, our carry funds appreciated 6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (excluding the impact of foreign currency, appreciation was 14% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017) while appreciating 5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
The $34.4 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2012-2013) of $5.0 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2014-2015) of $2.7 million,
•APG Partnership Fund (2009) of $2.6 million,
•APG Partnership Fund (2010) of $2.1 million, and
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2009-2010) of $1.8 million.
The $29.5 million of performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2009-2010) of $8.3 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2012-2013) of $2.9 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2010) of $2.3 million, and
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2014-2015) of $2.0 million.
The $98.6 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2009-2010) of $9.4 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2012-2013) of $9.3 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2014-2015) of $9.0 million,
•Partnership Fund (2008) of $6.0 million,
•APG Partnership Fund (2010) of $5.8 million,
•APG Partnership Fund (2009) of $5.8 million, and
•ASF V (Onshore) of $5.5 million.
The $62.6 million of performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was driven primarily by performance fees recognized from the following funds:
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2012-2013) of $12.5 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2009-2010) of $11.3 million,
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2014-2015) of $4.9 million, and
•Co-investment Fund & Secondaries Fund (2010) of $4.3 million.
Performance fees of $29.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $0.6 million. Performance fees of $62.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are inclusive of performance fees reversed of approximately $2.5 million. There were no significant performance fees reversed for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The appreciation in remaining value of our Investment Solutions carry funds for this segment are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
Carry funds | 3% | 2% | 6% | 5% | |
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Note: The appreciation presented is a weighted average blend of the remaining investments in the respective carry funds within Investment Solutions. These carry funds include private equity and real estate investments in primary fund, co-investment and secondary strategies, which have different return profiles.
Net performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were $6.5 million, representing an increase of $3.1 million from $3.4 million in net performance fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $14.8 million, representing an increase of $6.7 million from $8.1 million in net performance fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in net performance fees for both periods was due to the higher appreciation of the carry funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Equity-based Compensation. Equity-based compensation was $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.5 million from $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Equity-based compensation was $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.1 million from $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies. Investment Solutions' (“IS”) share of the reserve for litigation and contingencies decreased $12.2 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily related to IS' share of the $25 million reserve reversal related to the CCC litigation recognized in 2017, while IS recognized its share of the $100 million reserve in 2016 related to a commodities legal matter.
Fee-earning AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
Fee-earning AUM is presented below for each period together with the components of change during each respective period.
As of September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
Investment Solutions | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||
Components of Fee-earning AUM (1) | |||||||
Fee-earning AUM based on capital commitments | $ | 11,145 | $ | 9,136 | |||
Fee-earning AUM based on invested capital (2) | 1,170 | 1,202 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on net asset value | 855 | 215 | |||||
Fee-earning AUM based on lower of cost or fair market value | 17,176 | 17,542 | |||||
Total Fee-earning AUM | $ | 30,346 | $ | 28,095 | |||
(1) | For additional information concerning the components of Fee-earning AUM, see “—Fee-earning Assets under Management.” |
(2) | Includes amounts committed to or reserved for certain AlpInvest and Metropolitan carry funds. |
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The table below provides the period to period rollforward of Fee-earning AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Investment Solutions | (Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Fee-earning AUM Rollforward | |||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 28,468 | $ | 27,227 | $ | 27,054 | $ | 28,191 | |||||||
Inflows, including Fee-paying Commitments (1) | 2,343 | 2,433 | 5,275 | 5,013 | |||||||||||
Outflows, including Distributions (2) | (1,093 | ) | (1,093 | ) | (4,138 | ) | (3,767 | ) | |||||||
Subscriptions, net of Redemptions (3) | — | (582 | ) | — | (1,584 | ) | |||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (4) | (108 | ) | (208 | ) | (280 | ) | (530 | ) | |||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (5) | 736 | 318 | 2,435 | 772 | |||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 30,346 | $ | 28,095 | $ | 30,346 | $ | 28,095 | |||||||
(1) | Inflows represent mandates where commitment fee period was activated and capital invested by carry fund vehicles outside the commitment fee period or weighted-average investment period. |
(2) | Outflows represent distributions from carry fund vehicles outside the commitment fee period or weighted-average investment period and changes in fee basis for carry fund vehicles where the commitment fee period or weighted-average investment period has expired. |
(3) | Represents subscriptions and redemptions in our fund of hedge funds vehicles. |
(4) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents changes in the net asset value of our fund of hedge funds vehicles and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on our carry fund vehicles based on the lower of cost or fair value. |
(5) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Fee-earning AUM was $30.3 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.8 billion, or approximately 6%, compared to $28.5 billion at June 30, 2017. This was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments of $2.3 billion, due to activation of previously raised mandates in our AlpInvest vehicles, and foreign exchange gains of $0.7 billion from translating our euro-denominated AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM to USD. Partially offsetting this increase were outflows, including distributions, of $1.1 billion which were primarily attributable to our AlpInvest carry funds. Distributions from funds still in the commitment or weighted-average investment period do not impact Fee-earning AUM as these funds are based on commitments and not invested capital. Increases in fair value have an impact on Fee-earning AUM for Investment Solutions as fully committed funds are based on the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying investments.
Fee-earning AUM was $30.3 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.2 billion, or approximately 12%, compared to $27.1 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $5.3 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates in our AlpInvest vehicles, and foreign exchange gains of $2.4 billion from translating our euro-denominated AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM to USD. This was partially offset by outflows, including distributions, of $4.1 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds.
Fee-earning AUM was $30.3 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $2.2 billion, or approximately 8%, compared to $28.1 billion at September 30, 2016. The increase was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments, of $7.5 billion due to activation of previously raised mandates in our AlpInvest vehicles, foreign exchange gains of $1.0 billion from translating our euro-denominated AlpInvest Fee-earning AUM to USD, and market appreciation of $0.8 billion in funds outside the investment period. This was partially offset by outflows, including distributions, of $6.5 billion primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds and net redemptions of $0.6 billion in our previously held DGAM fund of funds vehicles.
Fee-earning AUM was $28.1 billion at September 30, 2016, an increase of $0.9 billion, or approximately 3%, compared to $27.2 billion at June 30, 2016. This was driven by inflows, including fee-paying commitments of $2.4 billion, due to activation of previously raised mandates in our AlpInvest vehicles. This was partially offset by outflows, including distributions of $1.1 billion, primarily in our AlpInvest fund of funds vehicles and net redemptions in our DGAM fund of hedge funds vehicles of $0.6 billion. This was partially offset by inflows, including fee-paying commitments of $2.4 billion, due to activation of previously raised mandates in our AlpInvest vehicles.
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Fee-earning AUM was $28.1 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $0.1 billion compared to $28.2 billion at December 31, 2015. This was driven by outflows of $3.8 billion, primarily in our AlpInvest fund of funds vehicles, net redemptions in our DGAM fund of hedge funds vehicles of $1.6 billion, and market depreciation of $0.5 billion primarily in our AlpInvest fund of funds vehicles. This was partially offset by inflows of $5.0 billion, due to activation of previously raised mandates in our AlpInvest vehicles.
Total AUM as of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
The table below provides the period to period rollforwards of Available Capital and Fair Value of Capital, and the resulting rollforward of Total AUM.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | Available Capital | Fair Value of Capital | Total AUM | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 15,764 | $ | 29,902 | $ | 45,666 | $ | 14,294 | $ | 28,798 | $ | 43,092 | |||||||||||
Commitments (1) | 1,739 | — | 1,739 | 4,620 | — | 4,620 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital Called, net (2) | (1,187 | ) | 1,207 | 20 | (3,077 | ) | 2,954 | (123 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions (3) | 136 | (2,631 | ) | (2,495 | ) | 232 | (7,007 | ) | (6,775 | ) | |||||||||||||
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) (4) | — | 896 | 896 | — | 2,352 | 2,352 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange and other (5) | 239 | 977 | 1,216 | 622 | 3,254 | 3,876 | |||||||||||||||||
Balance, End of Period | $ | 16,691 | $ | 30,351 | $ | 47,042 | $ | 16,691 | $ | 30,351 | $ | 47,042 | |||||||||||
(1) | Represents capital raised by our carry fund vehicles, including activation of new mandates, net of expired available capital. |
(2) | Represents capital called by our carry fund vehicles, net of fund fees and expenses. |
(3) | Represents distributions from our carry fund vehicles, net of amounts recycled. |
(4) | Market Appreciation/(Depreciation) represents changes in the net asset value of our fund of hedge funds vehicles and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on fund investments, secondary investments, co-investments, and real estate fund vehicles. Fair market values for carry fund vehicles are based on the latest available valuations of the underlying limited partnership interests (in most cases as of June 30, 2017) as provided by their general partners, plus the net cash flows since the latest valuation, up to September 30, 2017. |
(5) | Represents the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of our non-U.S. dollar denominated funds. Activity during the period is translated at the average rate for the period. Ending balances are translated at the spot rate as of the period end. |
Total AUM was $47.0 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.3 billion or approximately 3%, compared to $45.7 billion at June 30, 2017. This increase was driven by $1.7 billion of new commitments raised primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds, $1.2 billion of foreign exchange gains resulting from the translation of our Euro-denominated AlpInvest AUM to USD, and $0.9 billion of market appreciation primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds. This was partially offset by $2.6 billion of distributions, primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds, of which $0.1 billion were recallable.
Total AUM was $47.0 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.9 billion or approximately 9%, compared to $43.1 billion at December 31, 2016. This increase was driven by $4.6 billion of new commitments raised primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds, $3.9 billion of foreign exchange gains resulting from the translation of our Euro-denominated AlpInvest AUM to USD, and $2.4 billion of market appreciation primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds. This was partially offset by $7.0 billion of distributions, primarily in our AlpInvest carry funds, of which $0.2 billion were recallable.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our AlpInvest funds that have at least $1.0 billion in capital commitments, cumulative equity invested or total value as of September 30, 2017, which we refer to as our “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund return information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the performance of The Carlyle Group L.P. and is also
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not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in The Carlyle Group L.P. is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following tables reflect the performance of our significant funds in our Investment Solutions business.
TOTAL INVESTMENTS | |||||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Vintage Year | Fund Size | Cumulative Invested Capital (2)(8) | Total Fair Value (3)(8) | MOIC (4) | Gross IRR (6)(10) | Net IRR(7)(10) | |||||||||||||||
Investment Solutions (1) | (Reported in Local Currency, in Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fully Committed Funds (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Main Fund I - Fund Investments | 2000 | € | 5,174.6 | € | 4,204.6 | € | 6,911.1 | 1.6x | 12 | % | 11 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund II - Fund Investments | 2003 | € | 4,545.0 | € | 4,781.0 | € | 7,546.5 | 1.6x | 10 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund III - Fund Investments | 2005 | € | 11,500.0 | € | 12,620.0 | € | 20,020.3 | 1.6x | 10 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund IV - Fund Investments | 2009 | € | 4,877.3 | € | 4,884.2 | € | 7,674.8 | 1.6x | 16 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund V - Fund Investments | 2012 | € | 5,080.0 | € | 3,607.8 | € | 4,474.1 | 1.2x | 12 | % | 11 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund VI - Fund Investments | 2015 | € | 1,106.4 | € | 338.9 | € | 338.1 | 1.0x | NM | NM | |||||||||||
Main Fund I - Secondary Investments | 2002 | € | 519.4 | € | 475.4 | € | 896.0 | 1.9x | 57 | % | 53 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund II - Secondary Investments | 2003 | € | 998.4 | € | 995.9 | € | 1,818.6 | 1.8x | 27 | % | 26 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund III - Secondary Investments | 2006 | € | 2,250.0 | € | 2,303.3 | € | 3,473.5 | 1.5x | 11 | % | 10 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund IV - Secondary Investments | 2010 | € | 1,859.1 | € | 1,916.6 | € | 3,228.5 | 1.7x | 20 | % | 19 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund V - Secondary Investments | 2011 | € | 4,272.8 | € | 3,612.5 | € | 5,402.0 | 1.5x | 22 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund II - Co-Investments | 2003 | € | 1,090.0 | € | 898.7 | € | 2,504.6 | 2.8x | 44 | % | 42 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund III - Co-Investments | 2006 | € | 2,760.0 | € | 2,738.1 | € | 3,764.2 | 1.4x | 5 | % | 5 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund IV - Co-Investments | 2010 | € | 1,475.0 | € | 1,328.7 | € | 3,461.1 | 2.6x | 24 | % | 23 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund V - Co-Investments | 2012 | € | 1,122.2 | € | 1,013.3 | € | 2,342.1 | 2.3x | 34 | % | 31 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund II - Mezzanine Investments | 2004 | € | 700.0 | € | 748.9 | € | 1,025.7 | 1.4x | 7 | % | 7 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund III - Mezzanine Investments | 2006 | € | 2,000.0 | € | 1,927.4 | € | 2,601.3 | 1.3x | 10 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||
All Other Funds (9) | Various | € | 1,958.7 | € | 2,706.6 | 1.4x | 14 | % | 11 | % | |||||||||||
Total Fully Committed Funds | € | 50,353.7 | € | 80,189.1 | 1.6x | 13 | % | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
Funds in the Commitment Period (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Main Fund VI - Secondary Investments | 2017 | € | 4,203.7 | € | 597.7 | € | 629.5 | 1.1x | NM | NM | |||||||||||
Main Fund VI - Co-Investments | 2014 | € | 1,114.6 | € | 912.4 | € | 1,270.8 | 1.4x | 22 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||
Main Fund VII - Co-Investments | 2017 | € | 2,254.3 | € | 149.5 | € | 148.9 | 1.0x | NM | NM | |||||||||||
All Other Funds (9) | Various | € | 605.3 | € | 770.6 | 1.3x | 20 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||||
Total Funds in the Commitment Period | € | 2,264.9 | € | 2,819.8 | 1.2x | 21 | % | 17 | % | ||||||||||||
TOTAL INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS | € | 52,618.6 | € | 83,008.9 | 1.6x | 13 | % | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
TOTAL INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS (USD)(11) | $ | 62,094.2 | $ | 97,957.2 | 1.6x | ||||||||||||||||
Note: Investment Solutions Fund Performance excludes the impact of Metropolitan Real Estate investment vehicles. As of September 30, 2017, these investment vehicles had a combined fair value of $1.2 billion.
(1) | Includes private equity and mezzanine primary fund investments, secondary fund investments and co-investments originated by the AlpInvest team. Excluded from the performance information shown are a) investments that were not originated by AlpInvest, and b) Direct Investments, which was spun off from AlpInvest in 2005. As of September 30, 2017, these excluded investments represent $0.3 billion of AUM at AlpInvest. |
(2) | Represents the original cost of investments since inception of the fund. |
(3) | Represents all realized proceeds combined with remaining fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(4) | Multiple of invested capital (“MOIC”) represents total fair value, before management fees, expenses and carried interest, divided by cumulative invested capital. |
(5) | Fully Committed funds are past the expiration date of the commitment period as defined in the respective limited partnership agreement. |
(6) | Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value before management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(7) | Net Internal Rate of Return (“Net IRR”) represents the annualized IRR for the period indicated on Limited Partner invested capital based on contributions, distributions and unrealized value after management fees, expenses and carried interest. |
(8) | To exclude the impact of FX, all foreign currency cash flows have been converted to EUR at the reporting period spot rate. |
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(9) | Aggregate includes Main Fund VII - Fund Investments, Main Fund VIII - Fund Investments, Main Fund I - Co-Investments, Main Fund I - Mezzanine Investments, Main Fund IV - Mezzanine Investments, Main Fund V - Mezzanine Investments, AlpInvest CleanTech Funds and funds which are not included as part of a main fund. |
(10) | For funds marked “NM,” IRR may be positive or negative, but is not considered meaningful because of the limited time since initial investment and early stage of capital deployment. For funds marked “Neg,” IRR is negative as of reporting period end. |
(11) | Represents the U.S. dollar equivalent balance translated at the spot rate as of period end. |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historical Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically required limited capital resources to support the working capital and operating needs of our business. Our management fees have largely covered our operating costs and all realized performance fees, after covering the related compensation, are available for distribution to equityholders. Historically, approximately 95% of all capital commitments to our funds have been provided by our fund investors, with the remaining amount typically funded by our senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals.
Our Sources of Liquidity
We have multiple sources of liquidity to meet our capital needs, including cash on hand, annual cash flows, accumulated earnings and funds from our senior credit facility, including a term loan facility and a revolving credit facility with $750.0 million available as of September 30, 2017. We believe these sources will be sufficient to fund our capital needs for at least the next twelve months. If we determine that market conditions are favorable after taking into account our liquidity requirements, including the amounts available under our senior credit facility, we may seek to issue and sell common units in a registered public offering or a privately negotiated transaction, or we may issue additional senior notes, other debt or preferred equity. In September 2017, we issued 16 million of our 5.875% Series A Preferred Units for net proceeds of $387.6 million.
Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were approximately $1.4 billion at September 30, 2017. However, a portion of this cash is allocated for specific business purposes, including, but not limited to, (i) performance fee-related cash that has been received but not yet distributed as performance fee-related compensation and amounts owed to non-controlling interests; (ii) proceeds received from realized investments that are allocable to non-controlling interests; and (iii) regulatory capital.
Corporate Treasury Investments. Corporate treasury investments were approximately $117.4 million at September 30, 2017. These investments represent investments in U.S. Treasury and government agency obligations, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, other investment grade securities and other investments with original maturities of greater than three months when purchased.
After deducting cash amounts allocated to specific requirements mentioned above, the remaining cash and cash equivalents, including corporate treasury investments, is approximately $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2017. This remaining amount will be used towards our primary liquidity needs, as outlined in the next section. This amount does not take into consideration ordinary course of business payables and reserves for specific business purposes.
Senior Credit Facility. The senior credit facility includes $25.0 million in a term loan and $750.0 million in a revolving credit facility. The term loan and revolving credit facility mature on May 5, 2020. Principal amounts outstanding under the amended term loan and revolving credit facility accrue interest, at the option of the borrowers, either (a) at an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin not to exceed 0.75%, or (b) at LIBOR plus an applicable margin not to exceed 1.75% (2.49% at September 30, 2017).
The senior credit facility is unsecured. We are required to maintain management fee earning assets (as defined in the amended senior credit facility) of at least $65.3 billion and a total leverage ratio of less than 3.0 to 1.0, in each case, tested on a quarterly basis. Non-compliance with any of the financial or non-financial covenants without cure or waiver would constitute an event of default under the senior credit facility. An event of default resulting from a breach of certain financial or non-financial covenants may result, at the option of the lenders, in an acceleration of the principal and interest outstanding, and a termination of the revolving credit facility. The senior credit facility also contains other customary events of default, including
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defaults based on events of bankruptcy and insolvency, nonpayment of principal, interest or fees when due, breach of specified covenants, change in control and material inaccuracy of representations and warranties.
Our balance sheet at September 30, 2017 reflects $25.0 million outstanding under our senior credit facility, comprised of $25.0 million of term loan balance outstanding. On April 6, 2017, we borrowed $250 million under the revolving credit facility of our senior credit facility. This amount was repaid in full on June 2, 2017.
CLO Term Loans. For certain of our CLOs, the Partnership finances a portion of its investment in the CLOs through the proceeds received from term loans with financial institutions. The Partnership's outstanding CLO term loans consist of the following (Dollars in millions):
Formation Date | Borrowing Outstanding September 30, 2017 | Borrowing Outstanding December 31, 2016 | Maturity Date (1) | Interest Rate as of September 30, 2017 | |||||||||||
October 3, 2013 | $ | — | (2) | $ | 13.2 | (2) | September 28, 2018 | NA | (3) | ||||||
June 7, 2016 | 20.6 | 20.6 | July 15, 2027 | 3.10% | (4) | ||||||||||
February 28, 2017 | 73.0 | — | September 21, 2029 | 2.33% | (5) | ||||||||||
April 19, 2017 | 22.8 | — | April 22, 2031 | 3.24% | (6) (12) | ||||||||||
June 28, 2017 | 23.1 | — | July 22, 2031 | 3.25% | (7) (12) | ||||||||||
July 20, 2017 | 24.4 | — | April 21, 2027 | 2.84% | (8) (12) | ||||||||||
August 2, 2017 | 22.8 | — | July 23, 2029 | 3.10% | (9) (12) | ||||||||||
August 2, 2017 | 20.6 | — | August 3, 2022 | 1.75% | (10) | ||||||||||
August 14, 2017 | 22.6 | — | August 15, 2030 | 3.16% | (11) (12) | ||||||||||
$ | 229.9 | $ | 33.8 | ||||||||||||
(1) Maturity date is earlier of date indicated or the date that the CLO is dissolved.
(2) Original borrowing of €12.6 million.
(3) Note paid off in the third quarter of 2017.
(4) | Incurs interest at the weighted average rate of the underlying senior notes. Interest income on the underlying collateral approximated the amount of interest expense and was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. |
(5) | Original borrowing of €61.8 million; incurs interest at EURIBOR plus applicable margins as defined in the agreement. |
(6) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.932%. |
(7) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.923%. |
(8) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.536%. |
(9) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.808%. |
(10) | Original borrowing of €17.4 million; incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.75% and has full recourse to the Partnership. |
(11) | Incurs interest at LIBOR plus 1.848%. |
(12) | Term loan issued under master credit agreement. |
The CLO term loans are secured by the Partnership's investments in the respective CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and generally do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity.
European CLO Financing. On February 28, 2017, a subsidiary of the Partnership entered into a financing agreement with several financial institutions under which these financial institutions provided a €61.8 million term loan ($73.0 million at September 30, 2017) to the Partnership. This term loan is secured by the Partnership’s investments in the retained notes in certain European CLOs that were formed in 2014 and 2015. This term loan will mature on the earlier of September 21, 2029 or the date that the certain European CLO retained notes have been redeemed. The Partnership may prepay the term loan in whole or in part at any time after the third year of the date of issuance without penalty. Prepayment of the term loan within the first three years will incur a penalty based on the prepayment amount. Interest on this term loan accrues at EURIBOR plus applicable margins (2.33% at September 30, 2017).
Master Credit Agreement - Term Loans. In January 2017, the Partnership entered into a master credit agreement with a financial institution under which the financial institution expects to provide term loans to the Partnership for the Partnership to purchase eligible interests in CLOs. This agreement will terminate in January 2020. Any term loan to be issued under this master credit agreement will be secured by the Partnership’s investment in the respective CLO as well as any senior
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management fee and subordinated management fee payable by each CLO. Any term loan will bear interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread and an applicable margin. Interest will be due quarterly.
3.875% Senior Notes. In January 2013, Carlyle Holdings Finance L.L.C., an indirect finance subsidiary of the Partnership, issued $500.0 million of 3.875% senior notes due February 1, 2023 at 99.966% of par. Interest is payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1, beginning August 1, 2013. The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Carlyle Holdings Finance L.L.C. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by The Carlyle Group L.P. and each of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The indenture governing the notes contains customary covenants that, among other things, limit Carlyle Holdings Finance L.L.C. and the guarantors’ ability, subject to certain exceptions, to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The notes also contain customary events of default. All or a portion of the notes may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, prior to their stated maturity, at the make-whole redemption price set forth in the notes. If a change of control repurchase event occurs, the notes are subject to repurchase at the repurchase price as set forth in the notes.
5.625% Senior Notes. In March 2013, Carlyle Holdings II Finance L.L.C., an indirect finance subsidiary of the Partnership, issued $400.0 million of 5.625% Senior Notes due March 30, 2043 at 99.583% of par. Interest is payable semi-annually on March 30 and September 30, beginning September 30, 2013. The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Carlyle Holdings II Finance L.L.C. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by The Carlyle Group L.P. and each of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships. The indenture governing the notes contains customary covenants and financial restrictions that, among other things, limit Carlyle Holdings Finance II L.L.C. and the guarantors’ ability, subject to certain exceptions, to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The notes also contain customary events of default. All or a portion of the notes may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, prior to their stated maturity, at the make-whole redemption price set forth in the notes. If a change of control repurchase event occurs, the notes are subject to repurchase at the repurchase price as set forth in the notes.
In March 2014, Carlyle Holdings II Finance L.L.C. issued $200.0 million of 5.625% Senior Notes due March 30, 2043 at 104.315% of par. These notes were issued as additional 5.625% Senior Notes due March 30, 2043 and are treated as a single class with the already outstanding $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of these senior notes.
Promissory Notes. On January 1, 2016, the Partnership issued a $120.0 million promissory note to BNRI as a result of a contingent consideration arrangement entered into in 2012 between the Partnership and BNRI as part of the Partnership's strategic investment in NGP (see Notes 5 and 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). Interest on the promissory note accrues at the three month LIBOR plus 2.50% (3.83% at September 30, 2017). The Partnership may prepay the promissory note in whole or in part at any time without penalty. The promissory note is scheduled to mature on January 1, 2022. In December 2016, the Partnership repurchased $11.2 million of the promissory note.
Additionally, in June 2017, as part of the settlement with investors in two commodities investment vehicles managed by an affiliate of the Partnership (discussed in Note 9 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), the Partnership issued a series of promissory notes, aggregating to $53.9 million, to the investors of these commodities investment vehicles. Interest on these promissory notes accrues at the three month LIBOR plus 2% (3.33% at September 30, 2017). The Partnership may prepay these promissory notes in whole or in part at any time without penalty. These promissory notes are scheduled to mature on July 15, 2019.
Obligations of CLOs. Loans payable of the Consolidated Funds represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs. We are not liable for any loans payable of the CLOs. Several of the CLOs issued preferred shares representing the most subordinated interest, however these tranches are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity dates of the senior secured loans payable, and as a result have been classified as liabilities under U.S. GAAP, and are included in loans payable of Consolidated Funds in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Loans payable of the CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the CLOs and the assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consists of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities.
Preferred Units. On September 13, 2017, we issued 16 million of our Preferred Units for net proceeds of approximately $387.6 million. We plan to use these proceeds for general corporate purposes, including to fund investments. Distributions on the Preferred Units are discretionary and non-cumulative. The Preferred Units may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in
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part, at any time on or after September 15, 2022 at a price of $25 per Preferred Unit, plus declared and unpaid distributions. In addition, the Preferred Units may be redeemed at our option prior to September 15, 2022, upon the occurrence of change of control, tax redemption or rating agency events. Holders of the Preferred Units will generally have no voting rights and have none of the voting rights given to holders of our common units, except as otherwise provided in Carlyle's limited partnership agreement. Holders of the Preferred Units have no right to require the redemption of the Preferred Units and the Preferred Units do not have a maturity date. See Note 14 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Realized performance fee revenue. Another source of liquidity we may use to meet our capital needs is the realized performance fee revenue generated by our investment funds. Carried interest is generally realized when an underlying investment is profitably disposed of and the fund's cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return. For certain funds, carried interest is realized once all invested capital and expenses have been returned to the fund’s investors and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return. Incentive fees earned on our CLO vehicles generally are paid upon the dissolution of such vehicles.
Our accrued performance fees by segment as of September 30, 2017, gross and net of accrued giveback obligations, are set forth below:
Asset Class | Accrued Performance Fees | Accrued Giveback Obligation | Net Accrued Performance Fees | ||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 2,130.9 | $ | (9.8 | ) | $ | 2,121.1 | ||||
Real Assets | 624.3 | (57.8 | ) | 566.5 | |||||||
Global Market Strategies | 84.9 | — | 84.9 | ||||||||
Investment Solutions | 658.5 | — | 658.5 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 3,498.6 | $ | (67.6 | ) | $ | 3,431.0 | ||||
Plus: Accrued performance fees from NGP | 107.4 | ||||||||||
Less: Accrued performance fee-related compensation | (1,803.8 | ) | |||||||||
Plus: Receivable for giveback obligations from current and former employees | 3.4 | ||||||||||
Less: Deferred taxes on accrued performance fees | (65.6 | ) | |||||||||
Less: Net accrued performance fees attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Net accrued performance fees before timing differences | 1,674.2 | ||||||||||
Less/Plus: Timing differences between the period when accrued performance fees are realized and the period they are collected/distributed | (177.2 | ) | |||||||||
Net accrued performance fees attributable to Carlyle Holdings | $ | 1,497.0 | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2017, the net accrued performance fees attributable to Carlyle Holdings, excluding realized amounts, related to our carry funds and our other vehicles by segment were as follows (dollars in millions):
Corporate Private Equity: | |||
Buyout | $ | 928.9 | |
Growth Capital | 38.1 | ||
Total Corporate Private Equity | 967.0 | ||
Real Assets: | |||
Real Estate | 303.9 | ||
Natural Resources | 134.8 | ||
Legacy Energy | (16.0 | ) | |
Total Real Assets | 422.7 | ||
Global Market Strategies | 44.6 | ||
Investment Solutions | 62.7 | ||
Net accrued performance fees attributable to Carlyle Holdings | $ | 1,497.0 | |
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Realized investment income. Another source of liquidity we may use to meet our capital needs is the realized investment income generated by our equity method investments and other principal investments. Investment income is realized when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive or are due cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Certain of the investments attributable to Carlyle Holdings (excluding certain general partner interests, strategic investments, and investments in certain CLOs) may be sold at our discretion as a source of liquidity.
Our Liquidity Needs
We generally use our working capital and cash flows to invest in growth initiatives, service our debt, fund the working capital needs of our business and investment funds and pay distributions to our unitholders.
In the future, we expect that our primary liquidity needs will be to:
• | provide capital to facilitate the growth of our existing business lines; |
• | provide capital to facilitate our expansion into new, complementary business lines, including acquisitions; |
• | pay operating expenses, including compensation and compliance costs and other obligations as they arise; |
• | fund costs of litigation and contingencies, including related legal costs; |
• | fund the capital investments of Carlyle in our funds; |
• | fund capital expenditures; |
• | repay borrowings and related interest costs and expenses; |
• | pay earnouts and contingent cash consideration associated with our acquisitions and strategic investments; |
• | pay income taxes; |
• | make distributions to our common and preferred unitholders and the holders of the Carlyle Holdings partnership units in accordance with our distribution policy, and; |
• | repurchase our units. |
Preferred Unit Distributions. Distributions on the Preferred Units, when and if declared, will be payable quarterly on the 15th day of March, June, September and December of each year, beginning December 15, 2017. Distributions on the Preferred Units are discretionary and non-cumulative. The Board of Directors of our general partner has declared a quarterly distribution of $0.375347 per Preferred Unit to holders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2017, payable on December 15, 2017. The first distribution on the Preferred Units is calculated based on the date of original issuance.
Common Unit Distributions. With respect to distribution year 2017, the Board of Directors of our general partner has declared a distribution to common unitholders totaling approximately $104.3 million, or $1.08 per common unit, consisting of (i) $0.56 per common unit in respect of the third quarter of 2017, which is payable on November 16, 2017 to common unitholders of record on November 10, 2017, (ii) $0.42 per common unit in respect of the second quarter of 2017, which was paid in August 2017, and (ii) $0.10 per common unit in respect of the first quarter of 2017, which was paid in May 2017.
With respect to distribution year 2016, through November 2016, we paid cumulative distributions of approximately $117.3 million to common unitholders, consisting of (i) $0.26 per common unit in respect of the first quarter of 2016, which was paid in May 2016, (ii) $0.63 per common unit in respect of the second quarter of 2016, which was paid in August 2016, and (iii) $0.50 per common unit in respect of the third quarter of 2016, which was paid in November 2016.
Distributions to common unitholders paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 totaled $63.0 million, representing the amount paid in February 2017 of $0.16 per common unit in respect of the fourth quarter of 2016, the amount paid in May 2017 of $0.10 per common unit in respect of the first quarter of 2017, and the amount paid in August 2017 of $0.42 per common unit in respect of the second quarter of 2017. Distributions to common unitholders paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 totaled $98.5 million, representing the amount paid in March 2016 of $0.29 per common unit in
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respect of the fourth quarter of 2015, the amount paid in May 2016 of $0.26 per common unit in respect of the first quarter of 2016, and the amount paid in August 2016 of $0.50 per common unit in respect of the second quarter of 2016.
It is Carlyle’s intention to cause Carlyle Holdings to make quarterly distributions to its partners, including The Carlyle Group L.P.’s wholly owned subsidiaries, that will enable The Carlyle Group L.P. to pay a quarterly distribution of approximately 75% of Distributable Earnings Attributable to Common Unitholders for the quarter. “Distributable Earnings Attributable to Common Unitholders” refers to The Carlyle Group L.P.'s share of Distributable Earnings, after an implied provision for current corporate income taxes (other than corporate income taxes attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P.) and preferred unit distributions, net of corporate income taxes attributable to The Carlyle Group L.P. and amounts payable under the tax receivable agreement. Carlyle’s general partner may adjust the distribution for amounts determined to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of its business, to make appropriate investments in its business and its funds or to comply with applicable law or any of its financing agreements, or to provide for future cash requirements such as tax-related payments, giveback obligations and distributions to unitholders for any ensuing quarter. The amount to be distributed could also be adjusted upward in any one quarter.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the declaration and payment of any distributions will be at the sole discretion of our general partner, which may change our distribution policy at any time. Our general partner will take into account general economic and business conditions, our strategic plans and prospects, our business and investment opportunities, our financial condition and operating results, working capital requirements and anticipated cash needs, contractual restrictions and obligations, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, other constraints on the payment of distributions by us to our common unitholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our general partner may deem relevant.
Because our wholly owned subsidiaries must pay taxes and make payments under the tax receivable agreement, the amounts ultimately distributed by us to our common unitholders are expected to be less, on a per unit basis, than the amounts distributed by the Carlyle Holdings partnerships to the other limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships in respect of their Carlyle Holdings partnership units.
Fund commitments. Generally, we intend to have Carlyle commit to fund approximately 1% of the capital commitments to our future carry funds, although we may elect to invest additional amounts in funds focused on new investment areas. We may, from time to time, exercise our right to purchase additional interests in our investment funds that become available in the ordinary course of their operations. We expect our senior Carlyle professionals and employees to continue to make significant capital contributions to our funds based on their existing commitments, and to make capital commitments to future funds consistent with the level of their historical commitments. We also intend to make investments in our open-end funds and our CLO vehicles. Our investments in our U.S. and European CLO vehicles will comply with the risk retention rules as discussed in “Risk Retention Rules” later in this section.
Since our inception through September 30, 2017, we and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals have invested or committed to invest in or alongside our funds. Approximately 5% of all capital commitments to our funds are funded collectively by us and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals. The current unfunded commitment of Carlyle and our senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals to our investment funds as of September 30, 2017, consisted of the following:
Asset Class | Unfunded Commitment | ||
(Dollars in millions) | |||
Corporate Private Equity | $ | 1,190.1 | |
Real Assets | 900.6 | ||
Global Market Strategies | 573.9 | ||
Investment Solutions | 165.5 | ||
Total | $ | 2,830.1 | |
A substantial majority of the remaining commitments are expected to be funded by, senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals through our internal co-investment program. Of the $2.8 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $2.5 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, operating executives and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Partnership.
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Investments as of September 30, 2017 consist of the following (dollars in millions):
Investments | $ | 1,480.9 | |
Less: Amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (340.3 | ) | |
Less: Strategic equity method investments in NGP Management | (396.5 | ) | |
Less: Investment in NGP accrued performance fees | (107.4 | ) | |
Investments excluding non-controlling interests and NGP | 636.7 | ||
Plus: investments in Consolidated Funds, eliminated in consolidation | 199.0 | ||
Total investments attributable to Carlyle Holdings, exclusive of NGP Management | $ | 835.7 | |
Of the $835.7 million of total investments, approximately $229.9 million are financed with loans (see Sources of Liquidity earlier in this section). The financing of our CLO investments within the last year has caused our total investments to increase at a faster rate than in prior periods. We expect this trend to continue in the near term.
Repurchase Program. In February 2016, the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units. Under this unit repurchase program, units may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. We expect that the majority of the repurchases under this program will be done via open market transactions. No units will be repurchased from our executive officers under this program. The timing and actual number of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This unit repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we have paid an aggregate of $0.2 million to repurchase and retire 14,190 units with all of the repurchases done via open market transactions. Since inception of the program, we have paid an aggregate of $59.1 million to repurchase and retire 3,695,889 units.
Cash Flows
The significant captions and amounts from our consolidated statements of cash flows which include the effects of our Consolidated Funds and CLOs in accordance with U.S. GAAP are summarized below.
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
2017 | 2016 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Statements of Cash Flows Data | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 571.8 | $ | 127.5 | |||
Net cash used in investing activities | (22.4 | ) | (11.5 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 73.7 | (73.3 | ) | ||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | 61.7 | 9.1 | |||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 684.8 | $ | 51.8 | |||
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by our earnings in the respective periods after adjusting for significant non-cash activity, including non-cash performance fees, the related non-cash performance fee related compensation, non-cash equity-based compensation, and depreciation, amortization and impairments, all of which are included in earnings.
Operating cash inflows primarily include the receipt of management fees and realized performance fees, while operating cash outflows primarily include payments for operating expenses, including compensation and general, administrative, and other expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash provided by operating activities primarily included the receipt of management fees and realized performance fees, totaling approximately $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. These inflows were offset by payments for compensation and general, administrative and other expenses of approximately $1.3 billion for both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Cash used to purchase investments as well as the proceeds from the sale of such investments are also reflected in our operating activities as investments are a normal part of our operating activities. During the nine months ended September 30,
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2017, investment proceeds were $297.7 million while investment purchases were $412.4 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, investment proceeds were $219.7 million as compared to purchases of $218.6 million.
The net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 also reflects the investment activity of our Consolidated Funds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, purchases of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $2,129.7 million, while proceeds from the sales and settlements of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $2,135.6 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, purchases of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $1,707.8 million, while proceeds from the sales and settlements of investments by the Consolidated Funds were $873.9 million.
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities. Our investing activities generally reflect cash used for acquisitions, fixed assets and software for internal use, and changes in restricted cash. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash used in investing activities principally reflects purchases of fixed assets. Purchases of fixed assets were $26.0 million and $13.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities. Financing activities are a net source of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and a net use of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership received net proceeds of $387.6 million from the issuance of preferred units. See Note 14 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on the preferred units.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Partnership received net proceeds of $202.6 million from the issuance of various CLO term loans. See Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on these term loans.
Distributions to our common unitholders were $63.0 million and $98.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Distributions to the non-controlling interest holders in Carlyle Holdings were $163.1 million and $300.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The net (payments) borrowings on loans payable by our Consolidated Funds during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $(312.7) million and $339.7 million, respectively. Contributions from non-controlling interest holders were $87.7 million and $75.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which relate primarily to contributions from the non-controlling interest holders in Consolidated Funds. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, distributions to non-controlling interest holders were $74.0 million and $87.3 million, respectively, which relate primarily to distributions to the non-Carlyle interests in majority-owned subsidiaries.
Our Balance Sheet
Total assets were $11.7 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.7 billion from December 31, 2016. The increase in total assets was primarily attributable to increases in accrued performance fees, cash and cash equivalents and investments of $1,017.5 million, $684.8 million, and $373.9 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents held at Consolidated Funds of $566.1 million and the deconsolidation in the three months ended September 2017 of the total assets of the real estate VIE of $176.9 million. Cash and cash equivalents, including corporate treasury investments, were approximately $1.5 billion at both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Total liabilities were $8.9 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.4 billion from December 31, 2016. The increase in liabilities was primarily attributable to increases in accrued compensation and benefits and debt obligations of $513.3 million and $250.4 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in other liabilities of Consolidated Funds and the deconsolidation in the three months ended September 2017 of the liabilities of the real estate VIE of $161.6 million and $203.9 million, respectively, from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017.
The assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are generally held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the assets of the Consolidated Funds are not available to meet our liquidity requirements and similarly the liabilities of the Consolidated Funds are non-recourse to us. For example, as previously discussed, the CLO term loans generally are secured by the Partnership's investment in the CLO, have a general unsecured interest in the Carlyle entity that manages the CLO, and do not have recourse to any other Carlyle entity.
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Our balance sheet without the effect of the Consolidated Funds can be seen in Note 18 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. At September 30, 2017, our total assets were $7.4 billion, including cash and cash equivalents, including corporate treasury investments, of $1.5 billion and net accrued performance fees of $1.5 billion.
Unconsolidated Entities
Our corporate private equity funds and certain of our real estate funds have entered into lines of credit secured by their investors’ unpaid capital commitments or by a pledge of the equity of the underlying investment. These lines of credit are used primarily to reduce the overall number of capital calls to investors or for working capital needs. In certain instances, however, they may be used for other investment related activities, including serving as bridge financing for investments. The degree of leverage employed varies among our funds.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including sponsoring and owning limited or general partner interests in consolidated and non-consolidated funds, entering into derivative transactions, entering into operating leases and entering into guarantee arrangements. We also have ongoing capital commitment arrangements with certain of our consolidated and non-consolidated funds. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that would require us to fund losses or guarantee target returns to investors in any of our other investment funds.
For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 2 and Note 9 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth information relating to our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2017 on a consolidated basis and on a basis excluding the obligations of the Consolidated Funds:
October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 | 2018-2019 | 2020-2021 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Debt obligations (including senior notes)(a) | $ | 6.7 | $ | 47.2 | $ | 133.8 | $ | 1,329.9 | $ | 1,517.6 | |||||||||
Interest payable(b) | 16.6 | 132.3 | 128.0 | 771.9 | 1,048.8 | ||||||||||||||
Contingent cash and other consideration(c) | 8.5 | 65.7 | 3.3 | — | 77.5 | ||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations(d) | 12.6 | 96.0 | 90.4 | 334.6 | 533.6 | ||||||||||||||
Capital commitments to Carlyle funds(e) | 2,830.1 | — | — | — | 2,830.1 | ||||||||||||||
Tax receivable agreement payments(f) | — | 1.4 | 26.0 | 128.5 | 155.9 | ||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(g) | 20.5 | 162.8 | 163.0 | 4,371.4 | 4,717.7 | ||||||||||||||
Unfunded commitments of the CLOs(h) | 0.2 | — | — | — | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
Consolidated contractual obligations | 2,895.2 | 505.4 | 544.5 | 6,936.3 | 10,881.4 | ||||||||||||||
Loans payable of Consolidated Funds(g) | (20.5 | ) | (162.8 | ) | (163.0 | ) | (4,371.4 | ) | (4,717.7 | ) | |||||||||
Capital commitments to Carlyle funds(e) | (2,480.2 | ) | — | — | — | (2,480.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Unfunded commitments of the CLOs(h) | (0.2 | ) | — | — | — | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Carlyle Operating Entities contractual obligations | $ | 394.3 | $ | 342.6 | $ | 381.5 | $ | 2,564.9 | $ | 3,683.3 | |||||||||
(a) | The table above assumes that no prepayments are made on the CLO term loans, promissory notes or senior notes and that the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility term loan is repaid on the maturity date of the senior credit facility, which is May 5, 2020. See Note 7 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the various maturity dates of the CLO term loans, promissory notes and senior notes. |
(b) | The interest rate on the debt obligations as of September 30, 2017 consist of: 3.875% on $500.0 million of senior notes, 5.625% on $600.0 million of senior notes, approximately 2.49% on $25.0 million remaining term loan under our senior credit facility, a range of approximately 1.75% to 3.25% for our CLO term loans, approximately 3.83% on $108.8 million of our NGP promissory note and approximately 3.33% on $53.9 million of our settlement promissory notes. Interest payments assume that no prepayments are made and loans are held until maturity. |
(c) | These obligations represent our estimate of amounts to be paid on the contingent cash and other consideration obligations associated with our business acquisitions, strategic investment in NGP Management, payments related to the acquisition of secondary interests in Carlyle funds and other obligations. |
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(d) | We lease office space in various countries around the world and maintain our headquarters in Washington, D.C., where we lease our primary office space under a non-cancelable lease agreement expiring on July 31, 2026. Our office leases in other locations expire in various years from 2017 through 2032. The amounts in this table represent the minimum lease payments required over the term of the lease. |
(e) | These obligations generally represent commitments by us to fund a portion of the purchase price paid for each investment made by our funds. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category. A substantial majority of these investments is expected to be funded by senior Carlyle professionals and other professionals through our internal co-investment program. Of the $2.8 billion of unfunded commitments, approximately $2.5 billion is subscribed individually by senior Carlyle professionals, advisors and other professionals, with the balance funded directly by the Partnership. |
(f) | Represents obligations by the Partnership’s corporate taxpayers to make payments under the tax receivable agreement. Holders of partnership units in Carlyle Holdings may exchange their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units in The Carlyle Group L.P. on a one-for-one basis. These exchanges may reduce the amount of tax that the corporate taxpayers would be required to pay in the future. The corporate taxpayers will pay to the limited partner of Carlyle Holdings making the exchange 85% of the amount of cash savings that the corporate taxpayers realize upon an exchange. See “Tax Receivable Agreement” below. |
(g) | These obligations represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the consolidated CLO vehicles. These obligations include interest to be paid on debt securities issued by the consolidated CLO vehicles. Interest payments assume that no prepayments are made and loans are held until maturity. For debt securities with rights only to the residual value of the CLO and no stated interest, no interest payments were included in this calculation. Interest payments on variable-rate debt securities are based on interest rates in effect as of September 30, 2017, at spreads to market rates pursuant to the debt agreements, and range from 0.78% to 8.91%. |
(h) | These obligations represent commitments of the CLOs to fund certain investments. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category. |
Excluded from the table above are liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $17.7 million at September 30, 2017 as we are unable to estimate when such amounts may be paid.
Risk Retention Rules
The Dodd-Frank Act requires sponsors of asset-backed securities, including CLOs, to retain at least 5% of the credit risk related to the assets that underlie asset-backed securities (referred to herein as the U.S. Risk Retention Rules). The U.S. Risk Retention Rules became effective on December 24, 2016 and apply to sponsors of CLOs issued thereafter. As a sponsor of CLOs issued in Europe, we currently comply with similar risk retention rules that have been in place since 2014. To comply with the U.S. Risk Retention Rules, we expect that we will contribute approximately $750 million to new CLOs issued over the next five years. Our contribution to the new CLOs will be funded through a variety of sources, including direct funding from the Partnership, funding from senior Carlyle professionals, funding from third party investors, and limited recourse borrowing. The allocation of funding sources, and therefore the amount of capital required from the Partnership, will be determined in the future.
For additional information related to the U.S. Risk Retention Rules, see “—Regulatory changes in the United States could adversely affect our business and the possibility of increased regulatory focus could result in additional burdens and expenses on our business” within Item 1A of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Guarantees
See Note 9 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to our material guarantees.
Indemnifications
In many of our service contracts, we agree to indemnify the third-party service provider under certain circumstances. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract, and the amount of indemnification liability, if any, cannot be determined and has not been included in the table above or recorded in our consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017.
Tax Receivable Agreement
Holders of partnership units in Carlyle Holdings (other than The Carlyle Group L.P.’s wholly-owned subsidiaries), subject to the vesting and minimum retained ownership requirements and transfer restrictions applicable to such holders as set forth in the partnership agreements of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships, may (subject to the terms of the exchange agreement) exchange their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for The Carlyle Group L.P. common units on a one-for-one basis. A Carlyle Holdings limited partner must exchange one partnership unit in each of the three Carlyle Holdings partnerships to effect an exchange for a common unit. The exchanges are expected to result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Carlyle Holdings. These increases in tax basis may increase (for tax purposes) depreciation and amortization deductions and therefore reduce the amount of tax that Carlyle Holdings I GP Inc. and any other corporate taxpayers would
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otherwise be required to pay in the future, although the IRS may challenge all or part of that tax basis increase, and a court could sustain such a challenge.
We have entered into a tax receivable agreement with the limited partners of the Carlyle Holdings partnerships that will provide for the payment by the corporate taxpayers to such parties of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that the corporate taxpayers realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. This payment obligation is an obligation of the corporate taxpayers and not of Carlyle Holdings. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under this agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of our common units at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Carlyle Holdings, the payments that we may make under the tax receivable agreement will be substantial.
See Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our tax receivable agreement.
Contingent Obligations (Giveback)
Carried interest is ultimately realized when: (1) an underlying investment is profitably disposed of, (2) certain costs borne by the limited partner investors have been reimbursed, (3) the fund's cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return, and (4) we have decided to collect carry rather than return additional capital to limited partner investors. Realized carried interest may be required to be returned by us in future periods if the funds' investment values decline below certain levels. When the fair value of a fund's investments remains constant or falls below certain return hurdles, previously recognized performance fees are reversed.
See Note 9 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our contingent obligations (giveback).
Other Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to litigation, investigations, inquiries, employment-related matters, disputes and other potential claims. We discuss certain of these matters in Note 9 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Carlyle Common Units and Carlyle Holdings Partnership Units
A rollforward of the outstanding Carlyle Group L.P. common units and Carlyle Holdings partnership units from December 31, 2016 through September 30, 2017 is as follows:
Units as of December 31, 2016 | Units Issued - DRUs | Units Forfeited | Units Exchanged | Units Repurchased / Retired | Units as of September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||
The Carlyle Group L.P. common units | 84,610,951 | 8,408,673 | — | 4,800,473 | (14,190 | ) | 97,805,907 | ||||||||||
Carlyle Holdings partnership units | 241,847,796 | — | (437,314 | ) | (4,800,473 | ) | — | 236,610,009 | |||||||||
Total | 326,458,747 | 8,408,673 | (437,314 | ) | — | (14,190 | ) | 334,415,916 | |||||||||
The Carlyle Group L.P. common units issued during the period from December 31, 2016 through September 30, 2017 relate to the vesting of the Partnership’s deferred restricted common units during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Further, The Carlyle Group L.P. common units in the table above includes 7,782 common units that the Partnership is expected to acquire from Carlyle Holdings in future periods upon the vesting of certain of the Partnership’s unvested common units associated with the acquisition of the remaining 40% equity interest in AlpInvest in August 2013.
The Carlyle Holdings partnership units forfeited during the period from December 31, 2016 through September 30, 2017 relate to unvested Carlyle Holdings partnership units that were forfeited when the holder ceased to provide services to the Partnership.
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The Carlyle Holdings partnership units exchanged relate to the exchange of Carlyle Holdings partnership units held by NGP and certain limited partners for common units on a one-for-one basis. Beginning with the second quarter of 2017, senior Carlyle professionals can exchange their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units on a quarterly basis, subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement. We intend to facilitate an orderly exchange process to seek to minimize the impact on the trading price of our common units. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, senior Carlyle professionals exchanged approximately 1.6 million and 4.6 million, respectively, of their Carlyle Holdings partnership units for common units.
The Carlyle Group L.P. common units and Carlyle Holdings partnership units repurchased during the period from December 31, 2016 through September 30, 2017 relate to units repurchased and subsequently retired as part of our unit repurchase program that was initiated in February 2016.
The total units as of September 30, 2017 as shown above exclude approximately 0.5 million common units in connection with the vesting of deferred restricted common units subsequent to September 30, 2017 that will participate in the common unitholder distribution that will be paid in November 2017.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment advisor to our investment funds and the sensitivities to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, performance fees and investment income. Although our investment funds share many common themes, each of our alternative asset management asset classes runs its own investment and risk management processes, subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy. The investment process of our investment funds involves a comprehensive due diligence approach, including review of reputation of shareholders and management, company size and sensitivity of cash flow generation, business sector and competitive risks, portfolio fit, exit risks and other key factors highlighted by the deal team. Key investment decisions are subject to approval by both the fund-level managing directors, as well as the investment committee, which is generally comprised of one or more of the three founding partners, one “sector” head, one or more operating executives and senior investment professionals associated with that particular fund. Once an investment in a portfolio company has been made, our fund teams closely monitor the performance of the portfolio company, generally through frequent contact with management and the receipt of financial and management reports.
There was no material change in our market risks during the three months ended September 30, 2017. For additional information, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our co-principal executive officers and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
Our management, with the participation of our co-principal executive officers and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our co-principal executive officers and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required with respect to this item can be found under “Legal Matters” in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to the Partnership’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this quarterly report, and such information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at sec.gov.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In February 2016, the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Partnership authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units. Under this unit repurchase program, which was publicly announced on February 10, 2016, units may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. We expect that the majority of repurchases under this program will be done via open market transactions. No units will be repurchased from our executive officers under this program. The timing and actual number of common units and/or Carlyle Holdings units repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. This unit repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, no units were repurchased. As of September 30, 2017, we had approximately $141 million in remaining authorization under the unit repurchase program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report:
Exhibit No. | Description |
3.1 | |
3.2 | |
4.1 | |
10.1 | |
10.2 | |
10.3 | |
10.4 | |
31.1 * | |
31.2 * | |
31.3 * | |
31.4 * | |
32.1 * | |
32.2 * | |
32.3 * | |
32.4 * | |
99.1 | |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document. |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
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* | Filed herewith. |
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
The Carlyle Group L.P. | ||||
By: | Carlyle Group Management L.L.C., its general partner | |||
Date: October 31, 2017 | By: | /s/ Curtis L. Buser | ||
Name: | Curtis L. Buser | |||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||
(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer) | ||||
155
Exhibit 31.1
I, William E. Conway, Jr., certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 of The Carlyle Group L.P.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
(a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
(b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
(c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
(d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
(a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
(b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: October 31, 2017 |
/s/ William E. Conway, Jr. |
William E. Conway, Jr. |
Co-Chief Executive Officer |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
(Co-Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
I, Daniel A. D’Aniello, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 of The Carlyle Group L.P.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
(a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
(b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
(c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
(d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
(a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
(b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: October 31, 2017 |
/s/ Daniel A. D’Aniello |
Daniel A. D’Aniello |
Chairman |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
(Co-Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.3
I, David M. Rubenstein, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 of The Carlyle Group L.P.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
(a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
(b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
(c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
(d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
(a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
(b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: October 31, 2017 |
/s/ David M. Rubenstein |
David M. Rubenstein |
Co-Chief Executive Officer |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
(Co-Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.4
I, Curtis L. Buser, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 of The Carlyle Group L.P.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
(a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
(b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
(c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
(d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
(a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
(b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: October 31, 2017 |
/s/ Curtis L. Buser |
Curtis L. Buser |
Chief Financial Officer |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
(Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
Certification of the Co-Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, William E. Conway, Jr., Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ William E. Conway, Jr. |
William E. Conway, Jr. |
Co-Chief Executive Officer |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
Date: October 31, 2017
* | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. |
Exhibit 32.2
Certification of the Chairman
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel A. D’Aniello, Chairman of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ Daniel A. D’Aniello |
Daniel A. D'Aniello |
Chairman |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
Date: October 31, 2017
* | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. |
Exhibit 32.3
Certification of the Co-Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David M. Rubenstein, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ David M. Rubenstein |
David M. Rubenstein |
Co-Chief Executive Officer |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
Date: October 31, 2017
* | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. |
Exhibit 32.4
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Carlyle Group L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Curtis L. Buser, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ Curtis L. Buser |
Curtis L. Buser |
Chief Financial Officer |
Carlyle Group Management L.L.C. |
Date: October 31, 2017
* | The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. |